Matilda (Dunkeld) of Scotland
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Eadgith (Dunkeld) of Scotland (abt. 1079 - 1118)

Eadgith (Matilda) "Maud, Edith" of Scotland formerly Dunkeld aka Caenmor, Canmore, Atheling, Beauclerk
Born about in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotlandmap
Ancestors ancestors
Wife of — married 11 Nov 1100 (to 1 May 1118) in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, Englandmap
Descendants descendants
Died at about age 39 in Palace of Westminster, London, Englandmap
Profile last modified | Created 10 Mar 2013
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Contents

Biography

Matilda of Scotland

Christened "Edith" later called Maud[1]
Matilda of Scotland[1]
Queen of England[1]
b. c. Autumn 1080[1][2]
d. 1 May, 1118[3]
Burial: Westminster Abbey[1]
p. Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret.
Godfather: Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
Godmother: Queen Matilda, consort of William the Conqueror
m. 11 Nov. 1100 HENRY I of England Westminster Abbey[1]

Early Life

The Life of St Margaret, Queen of Scotland was written for Matilda possibly by Turgot of Durham. It refers to Matilda's childhood and her relationship with her mother. Margaret is described as a strict but loving mother.
Around six, Matilda (Edith) and her sister Mary were sent to Romsey Abbey, near Southampton, where their aunt Cristina was abbess.
1093: betrothed to Alan Rufus, Lord of Richmond, but her father had a dispute with William Rufus and marauded the English king's lands where he was surprised by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria and killed along with his son, Edward. Edith was now an orphan and abandoned by her betrothed who ran off with a daughter of Harold Godwinson, Gunhild of Wessex. However, he died before they could be married.
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote Bishop of Salisbury ordering Edith be returned to the monastery she had left. She did not return to Wilton and until 1100, is largely unaccounted for in chronicles.

Marriage

After the Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury married Matilda and Henry on 11 November 1100 at Westminster Abbey, she was crowned the hallowed Norman name, Matilda. Courtiers, however, nicknamed her and her husband 'Godric and Godiva'.
Matilda's mother was sister to Edgar the Ætheling. She descended from Edmund Ironside and the house of Wessex. This was important because Henry needed a bride with Wessex ties to boost his popularity with the English, and reconcile Normans and Anglo-Saxons. Through their children, the two factions were united, further unifying the new regime. England and Scotland also became closer -- three of Matilda's brothers became Scottish kings in succession and were friendly towards England during this period of peace. Alexander married one of Henry I's illegitimate daughters and David lived at Henry's court for some time before his accession.
dau. Matilda (b. Feb 1102)
son. William, "Adelin" (Nov 1103 - Nov 1120 White Ship disaster)

Works

  • Architecture: Waltham Abbey and Holy Trinity Aldgate; first arched bridge in England built at Stratford-le-Bow; bathhouse with piped-in water and public lavatories at Queenhithe.
  • Commissioned monk, possibly Thurgot, to write bio of her mother, Saint Margaret.
  • Religious. Supported the poor.
  • Founded at least two leper hospitals, including institution that later became church of St Giles-in-the-Fields.
  • Administered extensive dower properties
  • Patron of the arts -- especially music.[4]

Death

d. 1 May 1118 Westminster Palace
buried at Westminster Abbey.[5]
remembered as "Matilda the Good Queen" and "Matilda of Blessed Memory."

Sources

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
    Weir, Alison.
  2. or: 1079-06-01 Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Olde Scotland
  3. ALTERNATE: Westminster, Middlesex, London, Olde England
  4. court filled with musicians and poets
  5. Paris, Matthew, 1200-1259. Matthæi Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora, Pg. 144. Published by London, Longman & co, 1872. archive.org.

See also:

HENRY nicknamed Beauclerc King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward AEtheling. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118.

http://www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk/burke1/Royal%20Descents/hughesofgwerclas_1.htm
http://www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk/burke1/Royal%20Descents/hughesofgwerclas_2.htm
http://www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk/burke1/Royal%20Descents/hughesofgwerclas_3.htm
http://www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk/burke1/Royal%20Descents/hughesofgwerclas_4.htm




Memories: 1
Enter a personal reminiscence or story.
Matilda was born around 1080 in Dunfermline, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret. She was christened (baptised) Edith, and Robert Curthose stood as godfather at the ceremony. Queen Matilda, the consort of William the Conqueror, was also present at the baptismal font and was her godmother. Baby Matilda pulled at Queen Matilda's headress, which was seen as an omen that the younger Matilda would be queen one day.

The Life Of St Margaret, Queen Of Scotland was later written for Matilda by Turgot of Durham. It refers to Matilda's childhood and her relationship with her mother. In it, Margaret is described as a strict but loving mother. She did not spare the rod when it came to raising her children in virtue, which Tugot supposed was the reason for the good behaviour Matilda and her siblings displayed. Margaret also stressed the importance of piety.

When she was about six years old, Matilda of Scotland (or Edith as she was then probably still called) and her sister Mary were sent to Romsey Abbey, near Southampton, where their aunt Cristina was abbess. During her stay at Romsey and, some time before 1093, at Wilton Abbey, both institutions known for learning, the Scottish princess was much sought-after as a bride; refusing proposals from William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, and Alan Rufus, Lord of Richmond. Hériman of Tournai even claims that William II Rufus considered marrying her.

She had left the monastery by 1093, when Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote to the Bishop of Salisbury ordering that the daughter of the King of Scotland be returned to the monastery that she had left.

After the mysterious death of William II in August 1100, his brother, Henry, immediately seized the royal treasury and crown. His next task was to marry and Henry's choice was Matilda. Because Matilda had spent most of her life in a convent, there was some controversy over whether she was a nun and thus canonically ineligible for marriage. Henry sought permission for the marriage from Archbishop Anselm, who returned to England in September 1100 after a long exile. Professing himself unwilling to decide so weighty a matter on his own, Anselm called a council of bishops in order to determine the canonical legality of the proposed marriage. Matilda testified that she had never taken holy vows, insisting that her parents had sent her and her sister to England for educational purposes, and her aunt Cristina had veiled her to protect her "from the lust of the Normans." Matilda claimed she had pulled the veil off and stamped on it, and her aunt beat and scolded her for this act. The council concluded that Matilda was not a nun, never had been and her parents had not intended that she become one, giving their permission for the marriage.

Matilda and Henry seem to have known one another for some time before their marriage — William of Malmesbury states that Henry had "long been attached" to her, and Orderic Vitalis says that Henry had "long adored" her character.

Her mother was the sister of Edgar the Ætheling, proclaimed but uncrowned King of England after Harold, and through her, Matilda was descended from Edmund Ironside and thus from the royal family of Wessex, which in the 10th century, had become the royal family of a united England. This was very important as Henry wanted to make himself more popular with the English people and Matilda represented the old English dynasty. In their children, the Norman and English dynasties would be united. Another benefit was that England and Scotland became politically closer; three of her brothers became kings of Scotland in succession and were unusually friendly towards England during this period of unbroken peace between the two nations: Alexander married one of Henry I's illegitimate daughters and David lived for some time before his accession at Henry's court.

Most of her dower estates were granted from lands previously held by Edith of Wessex

After Matilda and Henry were married on 11 November 1100 at Westminster Abbey by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, she was crowned as "Matilda," a fashionable Norman name. By courtiers, however, she and her husband were soon nicknamed 'Godric and Godiva'. These two names were typical English names from before The Conquest and mocked their more rustic style, especially when compared to the flamboyance of William II.

She gave birth to a daughter, Matilda, in February 1102, and a son, William, called "Adelin", in November 1103. As Queen, she maintained her court primarily at Westminster, but accompanied her husband on his travels around England, and, circa 1106–1107, probably visited Normandy with him. Matilda was the designated head of Henry's curia and acted as regent during several of his absences.

During the English investiture controversy (1103-07), she acted as intercessor between her husband and archbishop Anselm. She wrote several letters during Anselm's absence, first asking him for advice and to return, but later increasingly to mediate.

posted 3 Dec 2011 by Roger Wehr
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