Svend (Estridsen) Estridsøn (abt. 1020 - abt. 1077)

Ancestors

Descendants

Died about 28 Apr 1077 at about age 57 in Søderup, Sønderjylland, Danmark

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Lena Svensson [send private message]

Biografi

Svend Estridsen, enligt Adam av Bremen kallades han även Svend den Yngre, tros vara född 1019-1020. Han var son till Estrid Svensdotter av Danmark och jarl Ulf Torgilsson av Skåne. Metronymikon är ovanliga i norden men han är den förste ättlingen i den danska kungaätt som kallas Estridska ätten. I Norge används dock patronymikon och där kallas han för Sven Ulfsson.

Sven växte upp hos Anund Jakob av Sverige och var i tjänst hos Hardeknut i England.

Han var kung i Danmark 1047-74^[1]

Under Sven Estridssons tid skall kristendomen blivit fast etablerad i det danska riket, då kungen och kyrkan hade gemensamma intressen. Dock verkade han inte leva efter den kristna moral som Adam av Bremen förkunnade, i Roskildekrönikan från 1130-talet står det att han "avlade söner och döttrar med åtskilliga kvinnor".

Ett giftemål är med säkerhet fastställt, det med Anund Jakobs dotter Gyda/Gunhild Anundsdotter. Detta eftersom släktskapet var så nära att äktenskapet stred mot kyrkorättens regler och Hamburgs ärkebiskop Adalbert krävde skilsmässa (vilket Sven accepterade). Det verkar dock inte vara känt om de fick något gemensamt barn.

Totalt skall Svend ha fått 18 barn och fem av hans fjorton söner blev kungar i Danmark^[2].

Hans dödsår anges ibland så tidigt som 1074 vilket förmodligen är felaktigt då han skall ha besvarat brev 1075^[3]. Istället föreslås i modern tid att han dog den 28 april 1076, förmodligen i kungsgården Søderup ("Sudthorp") nära Åbenrå i Sønderjylland. Samma dödsdatum är även angivet i informationen tillgänglig hos kongehuset.dk ^[1]vilket borde kunna anses tillförlitligt.

Hans kvarlevor finns i Roskilde Domkirke, inmurade i en pelare där. År 1911 öppnades graven och skelettet undersöktes. Graven intill trodde man länge innehöll resterna av hans mor Estrid, men efter en DNA-analys som gjordes 2003 kunde man utesluta det.

Biography

Svend Estridsen was a member of the aristocracy in Europe.

Name

• English: Sweyn II of Denmark, Sweyn II Estridsson
• Old Norse: Sveinn Ástríðarson
• Danish: Svend Estridsen
• Swedish: Sven Estridsson
• Norwegian: Sven Ulfsson

King of Denmark from 1047 until his death in 1076.

Sweyn was born around 1020 as the son of Estrid Svendsdatter, the daughter of King Sven Tveskägg and Sigrid Storråda, and her husband jarl Ulf Thorgilsson of Skåne.^[2]

Active in Norway 1030 to 1034 - defeated by Magnus Olafsson ^[4]

After 1038, became an adviser to Magnus Olafsson

1042 - named King of Denmark - defeated in 1043 by Magnus Olafsson. He returned to Denmark in 1044 but was again driven out by Magnus. Retreated to Sweden in 1044 & linked up with Harald Sigurdsson (Harald Hårderåde).

Harald Sigurdsson and Svend Estridsen raid the territories of Magnus Olafsson together - eventually falling out.

1047 - Harald Sigurdsson and Magnus Olafsson together raid the territories of Svend Estridsen. In 1048, following the death of Magnus, Svend sought help from England's King Edward to defeat Harald Sigurdsson.

1062 - Harald Sigurdsson again attempting to gain the upper hand; defeated Svend in the Battle of Niså with the support of Håkon Ivarsson.

Harald Sigurdsson (Harald Hårderåde) from Norway continued for 17 years to claim the Danish Kingdom as legacy after Magnus den Gode. From Oslo, where he build himself a castle, he kept a good look-out for the Danish coastlines, and stroke when one least expected it, and raided the Danish lands. He, however, never got the upper hand, and in 1064 he gave up the hope for winning Denmark and made peace with Svend Estridsen.

From 1062, a series of negotiations with Harald Sigurdsson resulting by 1064 in an agreement between the two men acknowledging that Harald was King of Norway and that Svend was King of Denmark, their respective territories to be confirmed as they stood at the time of their peace treaty.

Adam of Bremen, the German historian spent some time in the Danish court of Svend Estridsen, gathering material from which to write a history of Nordic Countries, his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum. Svend's most lasting influence was in his arrangement of the Danish church, and especially of the bishops. The big Northern Jutlandic region was parted into four. Thus Denmark had become the division, which lasted during the Middle Ages.

West of The Great Belt there were six bishop regions: Slesvig, Ribe, Århus, Viborg, Vendsyssel (Børglum) and Odense.

East of The Great Belt only two bishop regions: Roskilde and Lund. The biggest was Lund’s region, which included Skåne, Halland, Blekinge and Bornholm.

Svend’s intention was, that Lund should become quarter for a Nordic archbishop, and he negotiated with the Pope about this, though this plan was not executed in Svend’s lifetime.

His goal was to free the Danish church from control by the German archbishops. He tied Denmark close to the Pope and limited by clever wisdom Hamburg-Bremen’s influence.

The archbishop was Adalbert, an authoritative and high-striving person, who as guardian for Henrik IV, governed Germany. As Svend Estridsen had married a woman, who was his relative, Adalbert forced him to divorce her, because the marriage went against the rules of the church.

When Adalbert would intervene in Denmark’s ecclesiastical society, Svend Estridsen understood to stop him, without it came to an open break between them. .

Death and Burial

Svend died April 28, 1076 and was buried in Roskilde Cathedral.^[5]

Marriage and Issue

He fathered several rulers of Denmark: Harald III, Knud II (the saint) , Oluf I (the Hungry), Erik I (The Evergood), Niels (father of Magnus II.)^[6]

m.1 Gyda of Sweden, daughter of king Anund Jacob of Sweden. She was poisoned by Thora around 1049.

m.2 1050 Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir, Gyda. Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen ordered union dissolved - effectuated by Pope Leo IX. Issue, due to too close relations. Svend and Gunhild were both the grandchildren of the Polish princess who was married to Erik Segersäll.^[7]

m.3 After Harald Hardrada's death, Sweyn married his widow Tora Torbergsdatter Her dates put children in question. Issue:

Children

1. Svend Svendsen, might be the son of Gunhild^[8]
2. Knud Magnus
3. Harald III Hen of Denmark (d.1080)
4. Canute IV the Saint of Denmark (c 1043, d. 10 Jul 1086)
5. Oluf I Hunger of Denmark (d. 1095)
6. Eric I Evergood of Denmark (ca 1055 - d. Cyprus,Jul 10,1103)
7. Svend Tronkræver (d. near Viborg,1104)
8. Ulf Svendsen (Ubbe) (d. 1104)
9. Benedict Svendsen (d. 1086)
10. Bjørn Svendsen, Duke of Nordalbingien from 1099 (d. 1100)
11. Niels, King of Denmark (d. 25 Jun 1134)
12. Sigrid Svendsdatter (b. 1040 to 1043, d. 1066) m. prince Gottschalk
13. Ingerid m. Olav III of Norway
14. Sweyn the Crusader, King of Denmark (d. 1097)
15. Thorgils Svendsen
16. Sigurd Svendsen (d. war against Wends
17. Guttorm (Gorm) Svendsen; first in succession (d.bef. 1069)
18. Ømund Svendsen
19. Gunhild Svendsdatter (Helene)
20. Ragnhild Svendsdatter m. Svein Aslaksson

Research Notes

ALTERNATE BIRTH: 1022, BET. 988 AND 1020. ROYAL DANISH ANCESTRY: royal Denmark

Summary of Early Danish Kings

KING OF DENMARK 1047 TO 1076, FATHER OF NIELS, CO RULER WITH MAGNUS II 1104 TO 1134. FULL BIOGRAPHY OF SVEIN, SWEND II OF DENMARK HERE: Svend II of Denmark, Wikipedia King of Denmark Reign 1047–1074 Predecessor Magnus the Good Successor Harald III of Hen

• Consort Gyda of Sweden/
• Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir/
• Tora Torbergsdatter/

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} [https://www.kongehuset.dk/monarkiet-i-danmark/kongerakken Kongehuset
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Aarhus Universitet
3. ↑ Book: Ræder, J.G.F.: "Danmark under Svend Estridsen og hans Sønner", Kjøbenhavn, 1871 (s. 202)
4. ↑ 1066 The Year of the Three Battles : ch:6 Svein Estrithson - by Frank McLynn pub: Pimlico 1999
5. ↑ Svend 2. Estridsen (reigned 1047-1074) Kongehuset.dk
6. ↑ DNA haplogroup: H5a.
7. ↑ Gunhild i Den Store Danske, Gyldendal. Hentet 27. januar 2017 fra http://denstoredanske.dk/index.php?sideId=87207.
8. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Sweyn II of Denmark," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweyn_II_of_Denmark&oldid=741838302 (accessed January 27, 2017).

[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 149. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S106] Royal Genealogies Website (ROYAL92.GED), online ftp://ftp.cac.psu.edu/genealogy/public_html/royal/index.html. Hereinafter cited as Royal Genealogies Website. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 26. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 16. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession. :http://www.thepeerage.com/p10482.htm#i104811

See also;

• http://www.vikingmagasin.dk/artikler/2004/svend-estridsen-dna-analyse.htm