Mary (Egmond-Gelre) Queen Regent of Scotland
Privacy Level: Open (White)

Maria (Egmond-Gelre) Queen Regent of Scotland (bef. 1433 - abt. 1463)

Maria (Mary) "of Guelders" Queen Regent of Scotland formerly Egmond-Gelre
Born before in Grave, Noord-Brabant, Netherlandsmap
Ancestors ancestors
Daughter of and
Sister of , , and
Wife of — married 3 Jul 1449 in monastery of Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotlandmap
Descendants descendants
Mother of , , , , , and
Died about after about age 30 in Scotlandmap
Problems/Questions Profile managers: Luiz Sergio Heinzelmann private message [send private message], Scotland Project WikiTree private message [send private message], and Terry Wright private message [send private message]
Profile last modified | Created 26 Oct 2016
This page has been accessed 14,633 times.
Scottish Nobility
Mary (Egmond-Gelre) Queen Regent of Scotland was a member of Scottish Nobility.
Join: Scotland Project
Discuss: Scotland

Contents

Biography

Family and Early Life

Mary was the eldest daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders, and Katherine, daughter of Adolf I, Duke of Cleves.[1][2] She was born shortly before 17 January 1433 at Grave in Noord Brabant.[1][3] In 1442, when she was a about nine years old, Mary was sent to live at the court of her great uncle, Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and his third wife, Isabel of Portugal (who was first cousin to Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots).[4][5]

Mary grew up under the influence of Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy, who was a formidable role model. Isabel often negotiated domestic policies on her husband's behalf, represented him at several peace conferences, and sometimes acted as regent during his absences.[4] She also assumed personal responsibility for managing her own considerable estates and was expert at maintaining a wide network of support to expand her own influence.[6][5] She strongly supported the views on female power espoused by the author Christine de Pizan, and not only sent copies of Pizan's books to female relatives but occasionally held discussions on this topic in a special tent which she had erected. These discussions were attended by ambassadors from various regions and by the ladies in the duchess's household, including her niece Mary.[7] Mary was educated from an early age in the important role which women could play in supporting their husband, and in assuming the responsibilities which came with being part of the nobility.[8]

On 1 April 1449 the terms of her marriage to James II, King of Scots, were set out in the Treaty of Brussels:[9] 1) Scotland, Burgundy, and Gueldres would in the future assist each other against all enemies and promote each other's interests; 2) Scotland would receive important trading privileges; 3) Philip, Duke of Burgundy, would provide Mary's dowry of 60,000 crowns (£30,000 Scots); 4) James would settle on his bride 10,000 gold crowns (£5,000 Scots) per year from the incomes of the lands of Strathearn and Atholl, and the lordship of Methven; 5) If Mary was widowed, she would have the palace of Linlithgow as her own residence.[10] [11]

On the early morning of 9 June 1449 Mary set sail for Scotland. All of the expenses of her journey were paid by the Duke of Burgundy, and all the costs for her trousseau were provided by Duchess Isabel.[9] She was accompanied by several ladies from Isabel's court, as well as James's sister Mary; William Crichton, chancellor of Scotland; John Ralston, bishop of Dunkeld; her own keeper of the wardrobe; the master of her stables; and her former tutor. Henric, Lord of Veere and admiral of Holland (married to James's sister Mary) provided a naval escort that included a guard of three hundred men and a convoy of twelve additional ships.[12] The crossing took about one week.[13]

Marriage and Children

Mary of Guelders and James II were married in Holyrood Abbey at Edinburgh on 3 July 1449.[1] The bride was sixteen years of age, the groom eighteen.[1][14][15] On the same day, Mary of Guelders was crowned Queen of Scots.[16]

There were at least seven children from this marriage:

  • David Stewart, Earl of Moray; b. bef. 12 Feb1455;[30] d. bef. 18 Jul 1457 (age 3)[20][30]

Shortly after their marriage, James II began acting more independently of his advisors, stepping fully into his role as king. Whether this was due to his new status as a husband, having the backing of his queen's powerful family, or the influence of Mary (who was raised among family members used to wielding political power ) is unknown. One of James's first acts on 23 September 1449 was to arrest almost all Livingstons holding an official position, first imprisoning and then executing most of them.[34] The reason given by the king for taking these actions was that Alexander Livingston had (in 1439) imprisoned the king's mother, the Queen Dowager, for a month and thereby committed treason. Seizing Livingston's lands, however, also provided James with a much needed source of income for the settlement he had pledged to give his bride.[35] The Livingstons were executed 21 January 1450, and on 22 January Mary's dowry was confirmed.[36] Two days later Mary successfully interceded with the king on behalf of eight bishops who requested that they be allowed to leave their estates to family and not have the estates requistitioned by the king on their deaths.[36] This was a strategic intervention by the queen, and gained the support of the clergy at a critical moment. It was the first of a number of interventions by the queen consort, which indicated she may have played a key political role in assisting her husband.[37]

Queen Mother/Queen Regent

Following her husband's death (at the age of twenty-nine) at the siege of Roxburgh on 3 August 1460, Mary's nine year old son, James III was crowned at Kelso on August 10th.[38] The Queen was able to not only retain the guardianship of her son, but to serve as regent of Scotland (for the next three years) during his minority.[39] She did not have sole authority but ruled in conjunction with a regency council which appeared to completely support all of her decisions.[40] Wisely, the Queen Regent moved immediately to replace the keepers of the most strategically important castles of Edinburgh, Stirling, Blackness, and Dunbar with her own men.[35] She chose those who had been most loyal to James II and who had the approval of the council, although one contemporary chronicler noted that some outside of the council were unhappy that "these appoyntements were take by the yong Lords of Scotland, but not by the old." [41] It was indeed with the 'yong Lords' rather than the old guard that Queen Mary continued to consult both in negotiations and in directing policy and controlling the government.[40] The older, more traditional politicians were led by Bishop Kennedy who happened to be traveling outside of the country when James II died, and returned to find himself relegated to the outer fringes of the minority government.[42] He was to become the Queen Regent's strongest critic.

The Queen Regent followed the policy set by her husband of playing off Lancaster and York whenever possible, in order to win back some of Scotland's strategic border lands and benefit Scotland in whatever way she could.[35] She was quite skilled at this type of diplomatic manuvering, and in 1461 was able to recover Berwick for Scotland.[35] Mary's approach was extremely pragmatic, she was simply willing to negotiate with whichever side had something to offer Scotland.[43] The more traditional faction led by Bishop Kennedy, however, supported Lancaster and wanted nothing to do with York, and remained unhappy that the head of the minority government was a woman.[43]

That Mary was a key member of the council which controlled the government is not in question. Besides dealing with the Lancasters and Yorks, she received correspondences and ambassadors from a number of other countries.[44] One ambassador described the Queen Regent in his correspondence home as "the leader of the dominant party in government."[45] Under her leadership the government remained relatively stable, despite Bishop Kennedy and his followers.[46] Although Kennedy was vocal in his opposition, the regency council remained unwavering in their support for the Queen Regent.[47]

Mary's legacy to Scotland also included a number of significant building projects. Shortly before the king's death she traded some of her lands in exchange for lands in Dysart, which became the site for Ravenscraig Castle, a heavily fortified structure on which she spent large sums of money but was still unfinished at the time of her own death.[39][48] Ravenscraig was intended to be a secure castle specifically designed for the use of artillery.[49] She also oversaw significant repairs and updating to Stirling Castle and the palace of Falkland.[39] Her greatest project may have been the Holy Trinity collegiate church, which had been planned before her husband's death and the building of which she personally oversaw.[48]

Death

Mary died on 1 December 1463, at the age of thirty,[50] [51] [52] and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity at Edinburgh.[1][see research notes] Historians have speculated that her death may have been the result of a long illness, but there is no evidence to support that.

In her three years as Regent, Mary was able to preserve the stability of the government; maintain successful diplomatic relations with numerous foreign powers, winning back strategic lands on the southern border for Scotland; and see to fruitition several major building projects.[53] She accomplished all of this despite the attacks of the opposition party and the circulation of rumors about her morality. [see research notes.] Her premature death was a blow to Scotland and a heavy personal loss for her son, King James III.

Research Notes

Location of Mary's Death:
  • The Queen Regent died 1 December 1463, however the location of her death is not known for sure. Her funeral was not held until June 1464, in Brechin Cathedral.[54] It is commonly supposed she was initially buried at Brechin because the Holy Trinity College church had not yet been completed. If she had died at Edinburgh (as is frequently assumed) it would have made more sense to bury her temporarily at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh. It is more likely that she may have died in either Angus or Perthshire and therefore Brechin Cathedral was the nearer location and it was there that her body was transported.[54]
Attempts to Marginalize the Queen Regent:
  • Historians writing in the sixteenth century and later have recounted stories questioning both Mary's intellect and her reputation, suggesting that she had affairs with Patrick Hepburn, lord Hailes; as well as with his son, Adam Hepburn; and several other men whose names vary in different accounts.[55] These rumors appear to be attempts to blacken the queen's name and undermine her power and originated outside of Scotland, spread on the European continent by Lancastrians trying to advance their own cause by discrediting Mary when she negotiated with the Yorkists.[56] The two most detailed and contemporary (to that period) Scottish sources, The Auchinleek Chronicle and an account written by Bishop Kennedy, make no mention of any moral lapses on Mary's part even though the authors of both were critics of the queen.[55]
  • As late as the nineteenth century, the discovery of two female skeletons during the demolition of the Trinity College church reignited this debate about Mary's character. One of the skeletons appeared to have a diseased brain, and David Laing declared this skeleton must have been Mary, and was proof that she could not have had the intelligence or moral discipline to lead Scotland (he stopped just short of 'a supposition of absolute imbecility') and therefore (he stated) it must have been Bishop Kennedy who was really in charge during the regency.[57] Daniel Wilson rebutted this and argued that the location of that particular skeleton inside the church made it highly unlikely to have been the queen.[58] More recently, modern scholars such as Norman Macdougal and Fiona Downie have also repudiated these attacks on Queen Mary's character and intelligence.

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 662-667 BRUS 13. James II of Scotland.
  2. ↑ Ewan, Elizabeth (ed). The New Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2018), pp. 306-307.
  3. ↑ Van Schilfgaarde, A.P. Zegels en Genealogische Gegevens van de Graven en Hertogen van Gelre, Graven van Zulphen. Arnhem (1967), cited in Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 67.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 68.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 57.
  6. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 69.
  7. ↑ Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England, vol. 5, pp. 336-342, cited in Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 69.
  8. ↑ >Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 58.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 59.
  10. ↑ Lille, Archives du Nord, B 308, 427, cited in Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 57.
  11. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 73.
  12. ↑ Chronique d'Escouchy, vol. 1, p. 176 and n. 4, cited in Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 59.
  13. ↑ Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 60.
  14. ↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 176 (1448).
  15. ↑ Thomson, Thomas (ed.) The Auchinleek Chronicle. Edinburgh: Library at Auchinleek, Ayrshire (1819), part 2: A Short Chronicle of the Reign of James the Second, King of Scots, p. 41.
  16. ↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 198.
  17. ↑ The Asloan Manuscript, pp. 26, 43, cited in Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface, pp.cxxvi-cxxvii, footnote 1.
  18. ↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol 1, p. 177 (1449).
  19. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), preface, p. lxxxviii.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 20.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 667-668 BRUS 14. James III of Scotland.
  22. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface, pp.cxxvi-cxxvii, footnote 3.
  23. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), p. 537.
  24. ↑ Biographia Britannica. Boyde. London: W. Innys (1748), vol. 2, p. 875.
  25. ↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1907), vol. 4, pp. 352-353.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 201.
  27. ↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1907), vol. 4, p. 353.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchecquer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1886), vol. 9, preface pp. lvi-lix.
  29. ↑ Pitcairn, Robert. Criminal Trials in Scotland. Edinburgh: William Tait (1833), vol. 1, part 1, pp. 16-17, footnote 1.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface, pp.cxxvi-cxxvii, footnote 5.
  31. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface, pp.cxxvi-cxxvii, footnote 6.
  32. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface, pp.cxxvi-cxxvii, footnote 7.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Dickson, Thomas. Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum (Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland). Edinburgh: HM General Register House (1877), vol. 1, appendix no. 1 to preface: The Lady Margaret, p. cclxxxvi-ccxcii.
  34. ↑ Ashley, Mike. The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf (1999), pp. 559-560.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Macdougall, Norman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edition, Mary (Mary of Gueldres). (23 Sep 2004) Available here by subscription.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), pp. 94-95.
  37. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 97.
  38. ↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 205.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. Dictonary of National Biography Online, vol. 36, Mary (d. 1463).
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 168.
  41. ↑ Paston Letters, iv, 51, cited in Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 168.
  42. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 158.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Macdougall, James III, p. 51, cited in Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 158.
  44. ↑ Atkin, Lynn. Medieval Rulers in Their Own Right: Case Studies of Eleanor of Scotland and Mary of Gueldre. Constellations 5 (2). available here.
  45. ↑ Downie, Queenship inn Late Medieval Scotland, p. 245, cited in Atkin, Lynn. Medieval Rulers in Their Own Right: Case Studies of Eleanor of Scotland and Mary of Gueldre. Constellations 5 (2). available here.
  46. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 169.
  47. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 173.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 179.
  49. ↑ >Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 67.
  50. ↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland), Edinburgh: General Registry House (1882), vol. 7, pp. liv-lv.
  51. ↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 192 (1463).
  52. ↑ Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland, deel 1, Bekende en onbekende mannen en vrouwen uit de Gelderse geschiedenis. Redactie: drs P.W. van Wissing, drs R.M. Kemperink, dr J.A.E. Kuys en E. Pelzers. Verloren Hilversum (1998), pagina's 65-67, Biografisch woordenboek van Gelderland, Biography Maria van Egmond
  53. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 182.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Marshall, Rosalind K. Scottish Queens. Great Britain: Tuckwell Press (2003), p. 68.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), pp. 174-175.
  56. ↑ Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 176.
  57. ↑ Laing, David. Remarks on the Character of Mary of Gueldres. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 4 pt 2 (1860-2), 566-577.
  58. ↑ Wilson, D. Notes of the Search for the Tomb of the Royal Foundress of the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity at Edinburgh. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 4 pt 2 (1860-2), 555-556.
See Also:
  • Birch, W. de G. Catalogue of Seals in the ....British Museum. London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 38-39, Mary, Queen of James II.
  • Henderson, Thomas F. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 48, 52.
  • Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), reproduction by Nabu Public Domain Reprints, p. 210.
  • Laing, Henry. Ancient Scottish Seals. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club (1850), vol. 1, p. 12.
  • Mackenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd ((1957), pp. 206-207, 244-245.
  • McGladdery, Christine A. Crown-Magnate Relations 1437-1460. Ph.D Thesis, University of St Andrews (1988), available as a PDF.
  • Pryde, E.B. (ed.). Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society (1941), rv 1996, p. 60.
  • Stewart, Duncan. A Short historical and Genealogical Account of the Royal Family of Scotland. Edinburgh: W. Sands (1739), reprinted by ECCO Press (reproduction from the British Library), p. 69.
  • Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), pp. 233-236.




Sponsored Search by Ancestry.com

DNA
No known carriers of Mary's DNA have taken a DNA test.

Have you taken a DNA test? If so, login to add it. If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA.

Images: 3
Ravenscraig Castle
Ravenscraig Castle
Trinity College Church
Trinity College Church
Seal of Queen Mary of Guelders
Seal of Queen Mary of Guelders


Comments: 10

Leave a message for others who see this profile.
There are no comments yet.
Login to post a comment.
Stevens-17832 Jen (Stevens) Hutton
I have finished with the update on this profile. If anyone notices an error, please correct or message me. Thanks,

Jen

posted by Jen (Stevens) Hutton
Daniel Hood
I just want to point out a small typo. The link to Maria’s father in the biography: family and early life section directs people to Edmond-30 instead of Egmond-30
posted by Daniel Hood
Stevens-17832 Jen (Stevens) Hutton
Oops! Well, that was embarrassing :) Thank you for finding it, Daniel. All fixed.
posted by Jen (Stevens) Hutton
Stevens-17832 Jen (Stevens) Hutton
I am going to be updating this profile on behalf of the Scotland Project. If anyone knows of additional sources and information which should be included, please message me or post here. Thanks,

Jen

posted by Jen (Stevens) Hutton
Anonymous (Loranger) L
How did she die? She was so young. I can't find a cause of death in any of my research.
posted by Anonymous (Loranger) L
Madison-125 Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Unfortunately her death notice does not give a cause: Annales of Scotland.
posted by Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Madison-125 Bobbie (Madison) Hall
... and see Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, page 577, where he says "Mary of Gueldres died at Edinburgh, on the 16th of November 1463. The cause of her death, in the flower of her age, is no where stated." Her cause of death may remain a mystery.
posted by Bobbie (Madison) Hall
edited by Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Madison-125 Bobbie (Madison) Hall
If any of the existing profile managers expect to qualify for their pre-1500 badge shortly, please advise me. Those without pre-1500 badges will be moved to the Trusted List shortly to fascilitate management of this profile. Those who would like to contribute sources are encouraged to do so - please add via comments.
Thanks!
Bobbie
Scotland Project co-Leader
posted by Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Darrell Parker
Mother of http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Guelders-4 is http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Of_Cleves-4

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10211.htm#i102109

posted by Darrell Parker

Featured Foodie Connections: Mary is 22 degrees from Emeril Lagasse, 20 degrees from Nigella Lawson, 20 degrees from Maggie Beer, 40 degrees from Mary Hunnings, 30 degrees from Joop Braakhekke, 26 degrees from Michael Chow, 22 degrees from Ree Drummond, 23 degrees from Paul Hollywood, 21 degrees from Matty Matheson, 24 degrees from Martha Stewart, 31 degrees from Danny Trejo and 26 degrees from Molly Yeh on our single family tree. Login to find your connection.

E  >  Egmond-Gelre  |  Q  >  Queen Regent of Scotland  >  Maria (Egmond-Gelre) Queen Regent of Scotland

Categories: Scotland Project Managed Nobility Profiles