Philippa (Hainaut) of Hainault (abt. 1314 - 1369)

Born about 1314 in Valenciennes, Flanders

Ancestors

Wife of Edward (Plantagenet) of England — married 24 Jan 1328 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England

Descendants

Died 15 Aug 1369 at about age 55 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England

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Biography

Name

Name: Philippa of Hainault ^{[1] [2]}

Daughter of Guilluame (William) III Le Bon de Hainault and Jeanne de Valois

Birth

Born: About 1314.

A precise birth date for Philippa of June 24 either in 1310 or 1311 or 1314 can often be found.^[3]This comes from a report by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter who was sent to Hainaut in 1319 inspect the daughter of William of Hainault as part of the marriage negotiations. He reported “the damsel will be of the age of nine years on St. John's day (June 24) next to come.” ^[4] This is often to be taken to mean that Philippa was born on 24 June since she is the one who was betrothed to Prince Edward in 1326 and married to him in 1328. However, it has also been argued that this report was about Philippa’s older sister Margaret. ^[5] This certainly seems to be the most likely since Edward II was requesting a papal dispensation for the marriage of his son Edward to Marguerite de Hainaut in 1318 and in 1320.

Froissart stated that at the time of her marriage she was "la joine roine sus le point de quatorze ans." ^[6] A statement which some have interpreted as meaning she was 14 years old and others that she was almost but not quite 14 years old. Cawley interprets this to mean she was born late January or early February 1314. It must be noted though that Froissart has Edward III's age wrong by one year, which brings into question the accuracy of this date. ^[1]

Richardson simply states that she was likely born between 1313 and 1315. ^[2]

Wikipedia currently shows a precise birth date of 24 June 1314 which is mixing the statements of Bishop Stapleton and Froissart. ^[7] The source given for this is Williamson's Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain. ^[8]

Marriage and Children

Married: Phillipa of Hainault, daughter of Guillame III, Count of Hainault, on 24 January 1327/8 at York Minster in York, Yorkshire, England. ^[2] She was likely born in early (January or February) 1314. ^[9] She died on 15 August 1369 at Windsor Castle. ^[9]

Papal dispensation for the marriage granted on 30 August 1327, they being related in the 3^rd degree of kindred. ^[2]

Children of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault: ^{[1] [2]}

1. Edward of Woodstock, Princes of Wales. Commonly known as The Black Prince. Born on 15 June 1330 at Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
2. Isabel of Woodstock. Born on 16 June 1332 at Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
3. Joan of the Tower. Born about February 1335 at the Tower of London, London, England.
4. William of Hatfield. Born on 13 February 1337 at Hatfield near Doncaster, Yorkshire. Died before 8 July 1337.
5. Lionel of Antwerp, K.G. Earl of Ulster. Born on 29 November 1338 at Antwerp in Brabant.
6. John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster. Born in March 1340 at Ghent in Flanders.
7. Edmund of Langley, K.G. Duke of York. Born on 5 June 1341 at King's Langley.
8. Blanche of the Tower. Born March 1342 at the Tower of London. Died March 1342 at the Tower of London.
9. Mary of Waltham. Born on 10 October 1344 at Bishops Waltham, Hampshire.
10. Margaret of Windsor. Born on 20 July 1346 at Windsor Castle, Berkshire.
11. William of Windsor. Born shortly before 24 June 1348 at Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Buried at Westminster Abbey about 5 September 1348.
12. Thomas of Woodstock, K.G. Duke of Gloucester. Born 7 January 13545 at Woodstock, Oxfordshire.

Death and Burial

Died: 15 August 1369 at Windsor Castle in Windsor, Berkshire, England. ^{[1] [2]}

Buried: 29 January 1370 at Westminster Abbey in London, England.

From: Royal Tombs of Medieval England - "Work on the queen's tomb appears to have begun as early as 1362, when instructions were given for six cartloads of alabaster to be brought from the Tutbury quarry to Westminster. On 20 January 1367 'Hawkin Liege' received payment for work on the queen's tomb. Philippa died at Windsor on 10 August (sic) 1369, but it was not until 10 January the following year that Edward instructed the removal of 'dung and other filth' from the London streets in preparation for her funeral. Hearses were commissioned along the processional route at Windsor, Kingston, St. Mary Overy, St. Paul's and Westminster. The queen was buried in the Confessor's Chapel on 29 January 1370. Her tomb, however, was not completed for another six years. On 31 May 1376 the 'stone mason' John Orchard was paid for 'diverse images in the likeness of angels' on her tomb. The tomb must have been largely completed by 28 June 1376 when Orchard received payment for various other works for the tomb-chest and regarding the tomb railings. Philppa's tomb stands in the south-eastern bay of the Confessor's Chapel in Westminster with that of another queen, Eleanor of Castile, in the corresponding bay to the north. Philippa's effigy shows her holding a scepter in the right hand and grasping her mantle cord with the left. The effigy was executed in white marble with the tomb-chest in black marble with white marble cladding. The queen apparently designed her own tomb based on French designs." ^[10]

Art History

There is a full-length wooden effigy of Philippa in Queen's College, Oxford. It's not a copy of her tomb effigy, and depicts a younger woman whose features correspond with the Stapledon description. The original college seal also has a full-length figure of the younger queen.

Sources

Footnotes and citations:

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3} Cawley, Medieval Lands: Phillipa of Hainault
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5} Richardson, Royal Ancestry, vol. 1, p. 80-81.
3. ↑ ‘Philippa (1310x15?–1369)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
   "Her date of birth is not entirely certain, owing to the imprecision of the records as to the order in which she and her sisters were born. Philippa may have been born on 24 June 1310, but it is also possible that she was not born until 1315. "
4. ↑ Hingeston-Randolph. Register of Walter de Stapeldon (1912): 169.
5. ↑ Mortimer. The Perfect King (2008):34.
6. ↑ Froissart. Chroniques. (1869):287.
7. ↑ Wikipedia: Philippa of Hainault
8. ↑ Williamson's Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain. (1986):81.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1} Cawley, Medieval Lands: Phillipa of Hainault
10. ↑ Duffy. Royal Tombs. (2003):133-137.

Source list:

• Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands: A Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, Online at Foundation for Medieval Genealogy Website (accessed December 2016).

• Duffy, Mark. Royal Tombs of Medieval England. (2003):133-137.

• King, Turi E., et. al. Identification of the Remains of King Richard III, in Nature Communicaions (Published online: 02 December 2014). Online Journal LINK

• Mortimer, Ian, The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation (Vintage, 2008):34.

• Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, in 5 vols. (Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013). See vol. 1 p., 80-81; vol. III p. 191.

• Williamson, David. Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain, (London: Webb and Bower Publishers, Ltd., 1986):81.

• Hingeston-Randolph, Francis Charles ed. The Register of Walter de Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter, (A.D. 1307-1326). (London, 1912): 169. Book.google.com LINK

• Froissart, Jean, Siméon Luce ed. Chroniques de J. Froissart vol. 1 part 2. (Paris, 1869):287. Archive.org LINK

• Juliet Vale, ‘Philippa (1310x15?–1369)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010

Acknowledgements:

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