The 1800 census shows a male between 10-16 (presumably Joseph Porter II), two males between 16-26 (presumably William and Francis), a male 45+ (presumably Joseph Porter I), a female between 10-16 (presumably Sarah), and a female 45+ (presumably Sarah, Joseph Porter I spouse).
The 1810 census shows a male between 26-45 (presumably Joseph Porter II) and a male 45+ (presumably Joseph Porter I).
The 1820 census shows a male between 26-45 (presumably Joseph Porter II) along with two males between 10-16 (one is presumably James Porter and the other is a mystery), two males between 0-10 (one is presumably Joseph III and the other is a mystery), two females between 10-16 (presumably Nancy and the other is a mystery), three females between 0-10 (presumably Sebra, Adeline, and Sarah), and one female between 26-45 (his spouse Sarah).
The 1830 census shows a male between the ages of 80 and 90 (presumably Joseph Porter I) and a male between the ages of 40 and 50 (presumably Joseph Porter II).
In addition to the above, it shows two males between 10-15 (presumably Joseph III and Elisha) , one female between 5-10 (presumably Delphia, 1850 census), one female between 10-15 (presumably either Sarah or Adeline), and two females between 15-20 (presumably Sarah or Adeline and Sebra).
The birth years align with the census records well when allowing for a few years plus or minus due to estimation. For example, if Elisha was really born about 1820, then that accounts for two of the discrepancies). Further research on the children to narrow down the birth years would verify this data and assumptions. In addition, more research to identify the potential mystery children is needed.
"United States Census, 1830," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHPV-VV3 : 18 August 2015), Joseph Foster, Wilkes, North Carolina, United States; citing 388, NARA microfilm publication M19, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 125; FHL microfilm 18,091.
"United States Census, 1840," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHYJ-2CX : 24 August 2015), Joseph Porter, Wellborns District, Wilkes, North Carolina, United States; citing p. 106, NARA microfilm publication M704, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 373; FHL microfilm 18,098.
"United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M4BL-VHT : 9 November 2014), Joseph Porter, Wilkes county, Wilkes, North Carolina, United States; citing family 697, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Joseph by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with Joseph: