Adam Vandiver Vancil
06 Nov 1840
Union, Illinois, United States
-
11 Apr 1913
/
last edited 13 Apr 2024
Rolla Augusta Vancil
22 May 1877
Cobden, Union, Illinois, United States
-
09 Mar 1958
/
last edited 13 Apr 2024
Leo Victor Vancil
21 Feb 1906
Illinois, United States
-
20 Jul 1995
/
last edited 13 Apr 2024
Robert Pratt Vancil
06 Oct 1841
Murphysboro, Jackson, Illinois, United States
-
18 Dec 1922
/
managed by Olivia Wilkinson / last edited 3 Apr 2024
George Vancil
26 Oct 1804
-
28 Jul 1876
/
managed by Deborah Head / last edited 3 Apr 2024
Laura Vancil
01 Oct 1877
Jackson, Illinois, United States
-
12 Feb 1963
/
managed by Olivia Wilkinson / last edited 3 Apr 2024
William J Vancil
10 Mar 1861
Missouri, United States
-
08 Dec 1936
/
managed by Susan Bradford / last edited 25 Mar 2024
Burl Vancil
04 Oct 1914
Round Top, Sevier, Arkansas, United States
-
23 Nov 1996
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 22 Mar 2024
Jami L. Vancil
1960s
managed by Jami Vancil / last edited 11 Mar 2024
/ 4
William Newton Vancil
09 Dec 1869
Milton-Freewater, Umatilla Co., Oregon
-
19 Dec 1943
/
managed by Richard Carle / last edited 8 Mar 2024
Gideon Houston Vancil
23 May 1835
Macoupin, Illinois, United States
-
10 Oct 1925
/
last edited 29 Feb 2024
William Henry Vancil
05 Jul 1860
Pekin, Illinois
-
28 May 1895
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 28 Feb 2024
Susannah Vancil
30 Jun 1829
Illinois USA
-
11 Mar 1884
/
managed by Rebekah Mandina / last edited 23 Feb 2024
Sarah (Vancil) Huston
07 Jun 1799
Logan, Kentucky, United States
-
27 Dec 1840
/
managed by Margaret Ann Mc Nutt / last edited 20 Feb 2024
Cora Annis Vancil
10 Dec 1882
Manito, Mason, Illinois, United States
-
15 Apr 1964
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 16 Feb 2024
Amelia Narcissa (Vancil) Cox
15 Feb 1840
Jackson, Illinois, United States
-
17 Nov 1925
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 21 Jan 2024
Una Evelyn (Vancil) Hise
16 Nov 1892
Green Valley, Tazewell, Illinois, United States
-
14 Apr 1922
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 12 Jan 2024
Gideon Vancil
01 Feb 1802
Montgomery, Virginia, United States
-
27 May 1886
/
last edited 23 Dec 2023
James Monroe Vancil
13 Jun 1830
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
06 Jan 1899
/
last edited 22 Dec 2023
Mary Jane Vancil
18 Jan 1823
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
abt 1901
/
last edited 22 Dec 2023
Thomas Jefferson Vancil
17 Nov 1841
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
27 Jun 1866
/
last edited 22 Dec 2023
Aaron Bryant Vancil
09 Jul 1828
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
22 Jan 1885
/
last edited 22 Dec 2023
John Vancil
08 Aug 1776
Somerset, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
11 Sep 1838
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 8 Oct 2023
Cleadis M Vancil
26 Aug 1914
Taylorville, Christian County, Illinois
-
09 Sep 1915
/
last edited 1 Oct 2023
Eugene Ledley Vancil
12 Dec 1871
Lawrence, Missouri, United States
-
16 Jan 1954
/
last edited 1 Oct 2023
John R Vancil
abt 18 Mar 1846
Illinois, USA
-
bef 12 Nov 1900
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 28 Sep 2023
Isaac C Vancil
10 May 1810
Grayson, Virginia, USA
-
23 Jan 1889
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 22 Sep 2023
Evan S Vancil
15 May 1849
Illinois, USA
-
06 Jan 1900
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 22 Sep 2023
Henry Jasper Vancil
23 Sep 1851
Illinois, USA
-
06 Oct 1922
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 22 Sep 2023
John Vancil
08 Aug 1776
Somerset, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
26 Sep 1856
/
managed by Cara Busenbark / last edited 22 Sep 2023
Virgilia Ann Vancil
22 Aug 1934
Howard, Arkansas, United States
-
11 Jun 2021
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 20 Aug 2023
Helen Pearl Vancil
31 Jul 1938
Howard, Arkansas, United States
-
22 Sep 2021
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 20 Aug 2023
Hazel Helen Vancil
11 Mar 1906
Round Top, Sevier, Arkansas, United States
-
07 May 1989
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 20 Aug 2023
Geraldine Vancil
22 Jul 1922
-
25 Aug 2018
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 20 Aug 2023
Emory Eugene Vancil
14 Aug 1896
Greenwood, Sebastian, Arkansas, United States
/
managed by LE Maness / last edited 20 Aug 2023
Adam Vancil
06 Mar 1790
Westmoreland, Somerset, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Mar 1831
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 17 Aug 2023
John M. Vancil
08 Aug 1797
Lancaster or Somerset, PA.
-
06 Jan 1889
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 16 Jun 2023
John A Vancil
22 Jun 1808
Carbondale, Jackson, Illinois
-
aft Sep 1850
/
managed by Robert Vansel / last edited 12 Jun 2023
Daniel James Vancil
15 Aug 1845
Benton, Franklin, IL
-
abt 1918
/
managed by Robert Vansel / last edited 12 Jun 2023
Katie L Vancil
29 Jul 1874
Missouri, United States
-
04 May 1949
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 6 Jun 2023
Williamson Vancil
1804
Logan, Kentucky, United States
-
28 May 1904
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 12 May 2023
Wanda L. Vancil
1920s - 1990s
managed by John Noel / last edited 11 Apr 2023
Charles Marion Vancil
06 Nov 1841
Sangamon, Illinois, USA
-
13 Mar 1928
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 15 Mar 2023
Eugene Marion Vancil
abt 31 Jan 1924
Sparta, Randolph, Illinois, United States
-
abt 30 Jul 1996
/
managed by Kyle Vancil / last edited 23 Dec 2022
Kyle Vancil
managed by Kyle Vancil / last edited 23 Dec 2022
/ 3
Betty Lorraine Vancil
22 Mar 1926
Springfield, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
24 Nov 1926
/
last edited 20 Dec 2022
William Taylor Vancil
22 Feb 1891
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, USA
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 20 Dec 2022
Kendal Burney Vancil
25 Sep 1919
Springfield, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
26 Feb 1995
/
last edited 20 Dec 2022
Russell Lowell Vancil
16 Oct 1917
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, United States
-
24 Jan 1997
/
last edited 20 Dec 2022
Ira Lloyd Vancil
1886
Morrisonville, Christian, Illinois, United States
-
21 Apr 1970
/
last edited 13 Dec 2022
Andrew Jackson Vancil
22 Mar 1840
Morgan, Illinois, United States
-
19 Apr 1917
/
last edited 13 Dec 2022
William Oscar Vancil
15 Jan 1871
Christian, Illinois, United States
-
05 Jan 1924
/
last edited 13 Dec 2022
Charles Edgar Vancil
15 Jan 1871
Christian, Illinois, United States
-
13 Apr 1953
/
last edited 13 Dec 2022
Bonnie Jean (Vancil) Hamilton
02 Aug 1925
Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States
-
18 Mar 2010
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 7 Dec 2022
Eli Vancil
abt 1848
Illinois, United States
-
11 Nov 1898
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 11 Nov 2022
Mariah (Vancil) Boren
Aug 1826
-
27 Jul 1916
Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie Co., IA, USA /
last edited 12 Jul 2022
William Lewis Vancil
19 Nov 1882
Cape Girardeau, MO
-
16 Jun 1936
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 6 Jul 2022
Marian Lucille Vancil
05 Jul 1904
-
Nov 1975
St. Louis, Missouri, United States /
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 6 Jul 2022
Lane Vancil
managed by Lane Vancil / last edited 26 Apr 2022
/ 6
James Andrew Vancil
17 Aug 1891
Circleville, Tazewell, Illinois, United States
-
28 Dec 1963
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 8 Apr 2022
Betty Jean (Vancil) Ingersol
04 Dec 1925
Madison, Greenwood, Kansas, United States
-
02 Jun 2015
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 17 Mar 2022
Mary (Vancil) Black
16 Dec 1851
Cobden, Union, Illinois
-
1875
/
managed by Hans Nielsen / last edited 4 Mar 2022
Anna (Vancil) King
1815
Illinois
-
Aug 1879
/
managed by David Lindsey / last edited 20 Jan 2022
Mary (Vancil) Thompson
30 May 1777
Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
-
20 Aug 1851
/
managed by John Buck / last edited 16 Jan 2022
Isaiah Vancil
10 Dec 1871
Butler, Missouri, United States
-
16 Jan 1951
/
managed by Robert Butterfield / last edited 28 Oct 2021
Penrod Vancil
24 May 1797
Montgomery, Virginia, USA
-
31 Jan 1865
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 28 Oct 2021
James Vancil
22 Oct 1821
Auburn, Sangamon, Illinois, USA
-
26 Feb 1872
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 28 Oct 2021
Amon Harvey Vancil
07 Feb 1847
Springfield, Sangamon, Illinois, USA
-
27 Oct 1915
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 28 Oct 2021
Lois Marguerite Vancil
19 Jan 1908
Christian, Illinois, United States
-
12 Sep 1990
/
managed by Robert Butterfield / last edited 28 Oct 2021
Martin E Vancil
01 Mar 1887
Circleville, Tazewell County, Illinois, USA
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 14 Oct 2021
Edmond Monroe Vancil
1835
Tazewell or, Union, Illinois, USA
-
09 Dec 1903
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 14 Oct 2021
Ida Mae Vancil
09 Dec 1892
Circleville, Tazewell Co, IL
-
29 Oct 1957
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Cordelia Vancil
abt 21 Mar 1892
Tazewell Co, IL
-
27 May 1898
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Emri Vancil
abt 1883
IL
-
12 Feb 1918
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Edmond Leonard Vancil
30 Sep 1882
Circleville, Tazewell, Illinois
-
06 Mar 1941
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Thomas Vancil
1871
IL
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Jeanette Vancil
1869
IL
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Lawrence Mearl Vancil
22 Nov 1921
Sand Prairie, Tazewell Co, IL
-
13 Mar 2002
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Harley Wilford Vancil
24 May 1919
Greenvalley, Tazewell Co, IL
-
10 Mar 1985
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Edmond Emri Vancil
04 Jul 1917
Karo, IA
-
05 May 1918
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Leroy Elmer Vancil
16 Feb 1915
Pekin, Tazewell, Illinois, United States
-
01 Oct 1982
/
managed by Chris Powell / last edited 13 Oct 2021
Samuel Arthur Vancil
12 Sep 1882
Williamson, Illinois, USA
-
02 Jan 1951
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 18 Aug 2021
Joseph Vancil
12 Jul 1897
-
25 Mar 1947
/
managed by K Burns / last edited 5 Jun 2021
Desmond Vancil
24 May 1901
Du Quoin, Perry, Illinois, United States
-
25 Mar 1947
/
managed by K Burns / last edited 5 Jun 2021
Charlotta (Vancil) McGhehey
abt 1806
Jonesboro, Union, Illinois, United States
-
abt 1871
/
managed by Ronald Rogers / last edited 9 May 2021
Sarah (Vancil) Penrod
1761
Quemahoning Township, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
1817
/
managed by Eugene C. Rasband / last edited 23 Apr 2021
John Vancil
08 Aug 1773
Somerset Township, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
11 Sep 1838
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 24 Mar 2021
Cyrus Otto Vancil
abt 1842
Union, Illinois, United States
-
03 Mar 1872
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 9 Mar 2021
Cyrus Otto Vancil Jr.
05 Jan 1872
Scott, Missouri, United States
-
13 Nov 1949
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 9 Mar 2021
John Vancil
abt Jun 1808
Ohio, United States
-
aft 1870
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 9 Mar 2021
Denise Lynn Vancil
13 Jul 1952
Murphysboro, Jackson, Illinois, United States
-
23 Jun 1953
/
managed by Braden Meyerhoff / last edited 18 Feb 2021
Max Dale Vancil
05 Aug 1929
Detroit, Wayne, Michigan, United States
-
25 Feb 2007
/
managed by Braden Meyerhoff / last edited 18 Feb 2021
Frances Elizabeth Vancil
17 Aug 1922
Hayti, Pemiscot, Missouri, United States
-
04 Dec 1999
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 20 Jan 2021
Mary E Vancil
Jul 1879
Missouri, United States
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 9 Oct 2020
Eli Rolston Vancil
21 Feb 1888
Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States
-
07 May 1962
/
managed by George Gatewood / last edited 9 Oct 2020
Jonas Vancil
01 Oct 1775
Somerset, Colony of Pennsylvania
-
26 Sep 1856
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Dec 2019
Isaac Vancil
1800
Virginia
-
22 Apr 1872
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 14 Dec 2019
Samuel W Vancil
30 Jul 1831
-
17 Apr 1910
/
managed by Richard Carle / last edited 13 Dec 2019
Hazel V. (Vancil) Bergstrom
20 Aug 1910
Freewater, Umatilla Co., Oregon
-
13 Feb 1998
/
managed by Richard Carle / last edited 13 Dec 2019
Mary Alice Francis Vancil
04 Sep 1866
Jackson, Illinois, United States
-
20 Jul 1950
/
managed by Robert Smith / last edited 15 Oct 2019
Bracken Lawrence Vancil
03 Jul 1880
Jackson, Cape Girardeau, Missouri
-
21 Feb 1942
/
managed by Anonymous DeLap / last edited 10 Jun 2019
Leonard lionel Vancil
01 Sep 1890
Green Valley, Tazewell, Illinois, United States
-
23 Feb 1971
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 10 Jun 2019
Samuel Vancil
08 Nov 1771
Somerset, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
1828
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 31 May 2019
Tobias Vancil
13 Feb 1769
Lancaster, Somerset, Pennsylvania
-
18 May 1818
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 27 Apr 2019
Wallace Raymond Vancil
15 Jun 1910
Joplin Jasper Missouri
-
17 Sep 1966
/
managed by Jina Lewellen / last edited 21 Apr 2019
John D Vancil
1824
Tazewell Co, Illinois, USA
-
04 Nov 1914
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 20 Mar 2019
George Houston Vancil
07 Apr 1876
Phelps, Lawrence, Missouri, United States
-
Dec 1952
/
last edited 11 Apr 2018
Jane Vancil
10 Jan 1873
Jackson County, Illinois
-
08 Jan 1876
/
managed by Deborah Head / last edited 30 Sep 2017
Myrna Corrine Vancil
28 Oct 1896
Kelso, Scott, Missouri, USA
-
29 Jun 1959
/
managed by Jeanie Smith / last edited 9 Sep 2017
Jonathan Vancil
abt 1745
Germany
-
bef 1817
/
managed by John Buck / last edited 25 Aug 2017
Elizabeth Vancil
1833
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
Oct 1855
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 24 Aug 2017
Elias Vancil
18 May 1779
Somerset, Somerset, Pennsylvania, USA
-
11 Sep 1854
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 23 Jul 2017
Robert Vancil
30 May 1908
-
11 Dec 1949
/
managed by John Townsend / last edited 8 Jun 2017
Robert Vancil
1929
-
2003
/
managed by John Townsend / last edited 8 Jun 2017
Josephus Vancil
07 Oct 1812
Jonesboro, Union, Illinois, USA
-
07 May 1878
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 2 Jun 2017
Isaac C Vancil
10 Apr 1810
Grayson, Virginia, USA
-
23 Jan 1889
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 18 May 2017
George Vancil
1795
Germany
/
managed by Robert Vansel / last edited 17 May 2017
Daniel Vancil
08 Nov 1796
Montgomery, Virginia, United States
-
29 Jun 1876
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 17 May 2017
Jonas Vancil
24 Jul 1798
Montgomery, Virginia, United States
-
1820
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 17 May 2017
Clara (Vancil) Brown
abt 1914
Illinois, USA
-
05 Sep 1995
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 16 May 2017
Daniel Vancil
08 Apr 1770
Somerset, Pennsylvania, British Colonial America
-
19 Sep 1778
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 12 May 2017
Blondy I. Vancil
1910s - 2000s
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 11 May 2017
Walter Isaac Vancil
27 Jul 1879
Illinois, USA
-
18 Aug 1911
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 11 May 2017
George Vancil
26 Dec 1830
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
19 Apr 1891
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 11 May 2017
Isaiah Vancil
06 Oct 1856
Illinois, USA
-
aft 1893
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 9 May 2017
Brasile Vancil
abt 1858
Illinois, USA
-
08 Jan 1937
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Ida Madora Vancil
abt 1865
Illinois, USA
-
1891
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Delanie Gossip Vancil
abt 1862
Illinois, USA
-
Jun 1880
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Ann Vancil
1866
Franklin, Illinois, USA
-
aft Aug 1870
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Walter Lee Vancil
1930
-
1996
Carson City, Montcalm, Michigan, USA /
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Theodore Vancil
abt 1910
Illinois, USA
-
Jul 1986
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Elias Vancil
1841
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
22 Jan 1862
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Mary Vancil
1843
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
Sep 1850
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Edith Vancil
29 May 1906
Illinois, USA
-
22 Nov 1998
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
John Vancil
1826
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
Jun 1880
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Jonas Vancil
abt 1824
Illinois, USA
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Sophronia Vancil
Dec 1845
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
Jan 1920
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Lerona Vancil
abt 1863
Illinois, USA
-
Jun 1880
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Daniel Vancil
1837
Desoto, Jackson, Illinois, USA
-
Sep 1850
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Herman Oscar Vancil
28 Feb 1885
Illinois, USA
-
Feb 1980
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Mary Effie Vancil
13 Nov 1888
Illinois, USA
-
aft Apr 1930
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Walter Brasel Vancil
21 Feb 1893
Illinois, USA
-
21 Jun 1965
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
George David Vancil
28 Sep 1891
Illinois, USA
-
19 Mar 1925
/
managed by Diana Marable / last edited 6 May 2017
Jacob Henry Vancil
04 Jan 1870
Sangamon, Illinois, USA
-
07 Nov 1955
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 8 Mar 2017
Francis Marion Vancil
29 Sep 1866
Sangamon, Illinois, USA
-
30 Jul 1953
/
managed by Jeffrey Scott / last edited 8 Mar 2017
Lucy B Vancil
14 Jan 1869
Virden, Illinois
-
21 Sep 1940
/
managed by Beverly Ahrens / last edited 17 Feb 2017
Daniel Young Vancil
22 Feb 1828
Jackson County, Illinois
-
09 Dec 1875
/
managed by Deborah Head / last edited 10 Jan 2017
Walter Vancil
1890s
managed by Ashley Farrar / last edited 7 Mar 2016
Blanche Vancil
1930s - 1990s
managed by Ashley Farrar / last edited 7 Mar 2016
Tara Vancil
managed by Tara Vancil / last edited 18 Sep 2015
Catherine N Vancil
07 Jul 1785
Somerset, Somerset, Pennsylvania, USA
-
07 May 1861
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Edmund Monroe Vancil
07 Feb 1783
Westmoreland, Somerset, Pennsylvania, USA
-
02 Jun 1834
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Nancy Vancil
1802
Logan, Kentucky, USA
-
1826
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Edmund C Vancil
10 May 1799
Muhlenburg Co, Kentucky, USA
-
31 Dec 1891
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Lydia Ann Vancil
1820
Union Co, Illinois, USA
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
James Tobias Vancil
Jun 1823
Union Co, Illinois
-
28 Dec 1911
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Lucinda Vancil
abt 1822
Union, Illinois
-
bef 1869
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Josiah P Vancil
08 May 1825
Union Co, IL
-
21 Dec 1891
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015
Delphia Leephe Vancil
1830
Tazewell Co, Illinois, USA
/
managed by Jeannie Atwood / last edited 14 Jun 2015