Albrecht (Wittelsbach) Bayern (1336 - 1404)

Born 25 Jul 1336 in Munchen, Oberbayern, Bayern, Germany

Ancestors

Husband of Margareta (Piast) Brzeska — married 19 Jul 1353 in Passau, Passau, Bavaria, Germany

Husband of Margarethe van de Mark Kleef en Gulik — married 30 Mar 1394 in Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

Descendants

Died 13 Dec 1404 at age 68 in s-Gravenhage or den Haag, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands [uncertain]

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Hans Baijense [send private message]

Biography

Preceded by
Willem V van Beieren
1349-1358

Graaf
van
Holland &
Zeeland
1358-1404

Succeeded by
Willem van Oostervant
1404-1417

Albrecht von Bayren (Albert van Beieren) was born in Munich 25 July 1336 and died in The Hague 13 December 1404. He was the thirs son of the emporer of the Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Bayern (Beieren) Ludwig von Bayern (1282-1347) and the Countess of Hainault, Holland and Zeeland Margaretha of Avesnes (1311-1356).

He was 10 years old when his father died, leaving most of his Bavarian inheritance to his eldest half-brother, Louis V, Duke of Bavaria.

Albrecht was Duke (Herzog) of Bavaria-Straubing (1347-1404), Regent for Hainault, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland (1358-1389), and after his insane brother’s death in 1389 he became Count (Graaf) of Holland, Zeeland and Hainault (1389-1404).

Seal 1358 of Albrecht van Beieren Utrechst Archief

He received lower Bavaria with Straubing as its capital from their elder half-brother Stephen II in the Treaty of Regensburg on 3 June 1353.

His elder brother, William V, Count of Holland and their mother engaged in the Hook and Cod wars over the rule in Holland, and Zeeland. In 1354 they were given to Willem and after their mothers death in 1356 Willem also received Hainault. Willem became insane and in 1358 Albrecht locked him up in the castle at Le Quesno in Hainaut and became regent over Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut.

Lived during the: Hook and Cod Wars Hoekse en Kabeljauwse Twisten 1350-1490

He was the leader of the HOEKSEN

After Albrecht took over as regent of Holland, he was immediatly confronted with the resistance of the Cod-Faction (Cods vs Hooks) probably supported by his sister-in-law Mathilde and he laid siege to several cities:

1. He laid siege on Middelburg to confront Floris van Borselle
2. Siege of Heusden from Sept 1, 1358 to Febr 20, 1359
3. Siege of Heemskerk from Dec 3, 1358 to March 24, 1359
4. Siege of Delft from March 11, 1359 to May 29, 1359

After the surrender of Delft it stayed relativly calm between the two factions (Cods vs Hooks) until 1392.

Albert married (after) 19 July 1353 with Margarete von Brieg. Their marriage took place in Passau, Niederbayern, Bayern (Bavaria). She was the daughter of Herzogs Ludwig I, from Silesia. Albert and Margarete had seven children, all of whom lived to adulthood.

1. Catharina of Bayern (Beieren-Holland) born May 39, 1361, married first in Hattam, 1371 with Eduard Herzog von Geldern. She married secondly in Geertruidenberg witj Willem of Gelders and Jülich.
2. Johanna of Bayern, born 1356/62. She married in 1370 with Wenceslaus, King of the Bohemians
3. Margarethe von Bayern born ca. 1363. She married in Dijon / Cambrai on 12 April 1385 the duke of Bourgondia John the Fearless (Jan zonder Vrees) / Johann Ohnefurcht Herzog von Burgund
4. Willem VI van Oostervant, born 5 April 1365, became the count of Holland. He was the father of Jacqueline of Hainault (Jacoba van Beieren).
5. Albrecht II von Bayern-Straubing, became Duke of Bavaria-Straubing. he was born in 1368/9 in.
6. Johanna Sophia von Bayern-Straubing, born ca 1373. She married on 1390/5 Albert IV, Duke of Austria (Herzog von Österreich)
7. Johann von Bayern-Straubing, born ca 1374, Bishop of Liège.

Seal 1374 of Albrecht van Beieren Archief Onze Lieve Vrouwe Abdij Middelburg

As part of his politics he has two of his children marry with two of the children of the Duke of Burgundy. His daughter Marguerite de Hainaut (1363-1424) married in 1385 with Jean de Bourgogne (Jan zonder Vrees) (1371-1419) and his son Willem van Oostervant (1365-1417) married in 1385 with Marguerite Bourgogne (1374-abt.1440).

In 1385 he also arranged the marriage of his great-niece Isabella of Bavaria-Ingolstadt to King Charles VI of France, thus creating a Franco-Dutch counterweight against the rising Burgundy.

Albrechts wife Margaretha died in 1386. He had several affairs with nobel ladies. After 1388 Aleida van Poelgeest was the choosen mystress of Albrecht. On the night of Sept 22, 1392 she and Willem Cuser were murdered by members of the Hook-Faction. Albrecht responded by waging war on the Hook-Faction with his Cod supporters. Many castles and properties were confiscated and their owners exiled. Including his own son Willem van Oostervant, who was Cod-supporter was exiled to Hainault.

On July 1, 1393 through July 16, 1393 Albrecht laid siege on castle of Altena and the city of Woudrichem.

On July 8, 1394 there was a peace agreement mediated with help of the Duke of n Bourgondië and the Duchess of Brabant. His son and several other nobles were allowed to return to Holland. Most returned around 1396.

He married a second time in 1394 in Heusden with Margarethe von Kleve, sister of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves, and daughter of Count Adolf V, but they had no children.^[1][2] She died in Huis de Kleef near Harlem.

Seal 1397 of Albrecht van Beieren Archief van Abdij Egmond

In his last few years Albrecht waged war on the Frisians. Important is the battle of Kuinre in 1396. The Wapenboek van Beyeren created in 1403 contained a list of names and coat of arms of the knights participating in this campain.

Other things Albert was involved with are:

• Hundred Years' War, Albert supported France against Edward III of England and reconciled in 1367
• Rivalry of the Wittelsbach and Luxemburgers
• Intervention in Flanders, Brabant and Liège
• War of succession in Guelders, supporting Duke Edward
• Support of the Teutonic Order
• Murder of Siger of Enghien and revolt of the Hainault nobility
• Opposition of the Bishop of Cambrai.
• In Bavaria-Straubing, due to the constant absence of the dukes, the estates developed more strongly than in the rest of Bavaria on the basis of the "Ottonian Handfeste".
• In 1358-1360 and 1388-1390 the Hanseatic League waged economic warfare in favour of Holland against Flanders, and the Hanseatic office of Bruges was transferred to Amsterdam.

On Albert's death on December 13, 1404 ('s-Gravenhage),^[3] he was succeeded by his eldest son, Willem van Oostervant. A younger son, Johann III, became Bishop of Liège. However, on William's death in 1417, a war of succession broke out between John and William's daughter Jacqueline of Hainaut. This would be the last episode of the Hook and Cod wars and would lead to the counties being placed into Burgundian hands.

Albert had several illegitimate children:

1. Wilhelm "von Beieren" von Maria von Bronckhorst - 1473
2. Johanna - married Guido Bastard von Burgund - 1436
3. Margarete - 1405 married Dirk van Zandhorst - 1427/30
4. Nathalia - 1400 married Berthold II. von Assendelft - 1443
5. Dirk Dekan im Haag
6. Adrian - 1418 gefallen

Sources

1. ↑ Archieven NL Charter Akten, waarbij hertog Albrecht en hertogin Margaretha de voorrechten, door hun voorgangers aan de abdij verleend, bevestigen en voor aanspraken in rechte op abt en convent naar de Raad verwijzen, 1394 en 1402
2. ↑ Archieven NL Charter 1403 Margriet van Cleve, hertogin in Beyeren, gravin van Hollant etc., oorkondt, dat de goederen, die op verzoek van Albrecht, hertog in Beyeren, haar man, door de abt van Egmond in leen zijn gegeven aan Cuneergoede, vrouw van heer Bartout van Assendelft, na het kinderloos overlijden van deze, zijn terug vervallen aan de abdij en dat degenen, die het na haar dood gebruikt hebben, de huur aan de abt of degenen, die hiermee verlijftocht waren, moeten betalen. Gelijktijdig afschrift (Inv.no. 287)., 1403 Maart 12 (op sinte Gregoriusdach)
3. ↑ "Find a Grave" Seen and entered by Anton Bergh on 26 September 2021

• Archieven NL Charter 1358 Akte van bevestiging door Albrecht, ruwaard van Holland, van de ingelaste overeenkomst met bisschop Jan van Arkel, d.d. 14 september 1358, inhoudend dat de bisschop het huis Kronenburg mag afbraken, maar dat de ruwaard het mag herbouwen als hij binnen een jaar kan aantonen daartoe het recht te hebben, 1358 sept. 15
• Archieven NL Charter 1397 Akten, waarbij hertog Albrecht aan de lieden van de abdij opnieuw tolvrijheid in Holland en Zeeland verleent, 1397, 1403
• Medieval Lands by Charles Cawley, Hainaut, Chapter 1 G Comtes de Hainaut 1356-1436 (Wittelsbach) Online
• Library of Congress: Online
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