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Emma (Audley) of Powis (abt. 1220 - aft. 1278)

Emma of Powis formerly Audley aka d'Audley, de Audley, Aldithley, Tuchet
Born about in Staffordshire, Englandmap
Ancestors ancestors
Wife of — married [date unknown] [location unknown]
Descendants descendants
Died after after about age 58 in Englandmap [uncertain]
Problems/Questions Profile managers: Liz Shifflett private message [send private message] and Kerry Larson private message [send private message]
Profile last modified | Created 7 Jul 2011
This page has been accessed 10,166 times.

Biography

Emma de Audley[1]

Father: Henry de Audley of Heleigh (in Audley), Staffordshire[2][3][4]
Some sources list the father as James Audley who is actually her uncle. This is documented in a Patent Roll entry regarding her sister: "Lincence, at the instance of James de Alditheleg', for Ankeretta, his niece, to marry..."[5] Presumably James was acting as the children's guardian after the death of their father, Henry. Some sources also don't identify Henry as having a brother James. In addition to the above, Cockayne also links them as brothers.[6]
Mother: Bertrade de Mainwairing, daughter of Ralph de Mainwairing, Seneschal of Chester, and Amice of Chester, daughter of the Earl of Chester, Ranulph de Gernons, by Maud of Gloucester, granddaughter of Henry I, King of England, son of William the Conquerer.[1][4]
Husbands
  1. Henry Tuchet (aka Tuschet), died before 8 January 1242.[1][7][8][3] [4] They had no surviving children together because Henry's heir was his brother Robert:
    On 20 November, 1242, at Westminster, Robert Tuschet, brother and heir of Henry Tuschet, made fine with the king by 10 m. for his relief of the lands formerly of Henry, his brother, which fall to Robert by inheritance, for which he had performed fealty to the king and after the king returned to England would perform homage. J. Lestrange, justice of Chester was ordered to accept security from Robert for rendering the 10 m. to the king, then cause Robert to have full seisin of all the lands formerly of his brother Henry in his bailiwick, of which he was seised in demesne as of fee on the day he died, saving to Emma, who was the wife of the aforesaid Henry, her rightful dower from the aforesaid lands. Witnessed by W, archbishop of York.[9]
  2. Gruffudd ap Madoc, son of Madog ap Gruffudd, by his wife, Iseult.[1][4][10][11]
"Gruffudd ap Madog, lord of Bromfield between 1236 and 1269, like so many Powysian leaders of the thirteenth century...found a wife in the marchland. In his case it was Emma, of the powerful and influential Audley family."[12] Marriage date must have occurred before 1 July 1244.[13]
Sons by Gruffudd:[14][15][10][16][11]
  • Madoc (Madog Fychan), died 1277[17]
  • Llywelyn[18][17]
  • Gruffudd, Y Barwn Gwyn (The White Baron), died 1289[17]
  • Owain[17] (Rector of Blanckerbir)
"All these four sons were witnesses to the settlement made by their father Prince Gruffudd on their mother Emma, and after his death the four joined in a renewal or confirmation of their father's settlement, and made to it considerable additions; they must therefore all have been of age at the time of their father's death."[14][15] This contrasts with Yorke who says, "The relations and friends of the family contended with Emma for the direction of the children; sensible, should they be brought up by their mother, their affections must be lost to their country. She had the custody of the two elder, but keeping with difficulty the possession of them, and of the lands of her Welsh jointure, threw both to the care of Edward, alleging that their ancestors had sworn allegiance to the Kings of England, and they were feudally in his wardship. The King accordingly took the children, and committed the charge of them and their estates, Madog the elder to John Earl Warren, and Llywelyn to Roger Mortimer."[19] However, the latter statement is an error, acknowledged by the author in a later edition. The children named Llywelyn and Gruffudd [turned over to King Edward] were actually from the next generation, sons of Madog Fychan, grandsons of Emma. They were murdered in 1281.[20][15]
Gruffydd and Emma's son Gruffydd died in 1289, leaving a son, Madog Crupl, who "was still a child at the death of his father Gruffydd Fychan".[21]
Daughters by Gruffudd:[16]

From Delafield:[4] "4. Emma, who married, first, Henry Tuschet. On 8 August 1241-42 the justiciar of Chester was ordered to give Emma dower in the fee of her late husband, Henry Tuschet, in Cheshire and Salop (Cal. CI. R. 1242, p. 383).[7] She married, secondly, Griffith ap Madoc, or 'Griffith de Bromfield,' Prince of Powis Vedoc (Cal. Pat. Roll, 1251, p. 627;[26] Eyton's Shropshire[27]; Farrer's, Honors and Knights' Fees II, 31-32)[28]. And left issue."

Close Roll quote: "Pro Emma que fuit uxor Henrici Tuschet.—Mandatum est Johanni Extraneo, justiciario Cestrie, quod de terris que fuerunt Henrici Tuschet, tarn incomitatu Cestrie quam in comitatu Salop', Emme que fuerit (sic) uxor predicti Henrici plenam dotem habere faciat. Teste ut supra."[7]
Patent Roll quote: Westminster, 7 May 1258 - "Whereas Griffin de Brumfeud has withdrawn from the king's fealty, whereby [he has forfeited] the whole land which he held in dower of his wife in Legh Cumber[ay] of the inheritance of the heir of Henry Tuschet a minor in the ward of John Mansell, treasurer of York, which land is extended by the sheriff of Salop at 54s. 11d. a year, the king has granted the same to the said John until Griffin return to the king's peace or other thing happen in respect of his said wife."[26]

"The complexities of frontier living were scarcely more evident than in the case of Emma d'Audley, relict of Gruffudd Maelor (d. 1269) of northern Powys, who was compelled to sue her son Llywelyn for the restoration of what appears to have been dower land in the commotes of Cynllaith and Nanheudwy. He had to be summoned twice before he relinquished the property.[29] A conflict of interests between Emma's English-style dower claims and her son's inheritance in Wales may lie at the heart of the dispute, and it is certainly conceivable that Welsh heirs of mixed marriages were reluctant to hand over land to their English mothers into the purview of an alternative authority...But even as she was suing her son, Emma was seeking reinstatment in two manors in the Maelor district of norther Powys - Overton in Maelor Saesneg (English Maelor) and Eyton in Maelor Gymraeg (Welsh Maelor) - from which she claimed to have been evicted by the powerful LLywelyn ap Gruffudd during the recent waring between England and Wales."[18][30][31][32][33][11]

The last record of Emma that has been found is a court case dated 10 Nov 1278, so she died sometime after that date.[34]

Sources

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), Vol IV, page 282, OVERSLEY #8
    Volume 1, p 200: Emma de Audley, married (1st) Henry Tuchet [see OVERSLEY 8]; (2nd) Gruffudd ap Madoc, of Bromfield, Denbighshire [see OVERSLEY 8].
  2. 2.0 2.1 Cockayne, Vol. 2, p. 231
  3. 3.0 3.1 Farrer, p. 31
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Delafield, p. 594
  5. Patent Rolls, A.D. 1258-1266, p. 171
  6. Cockayne, Vol. 1, p. 337 (see black box and footnote e)
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Close Rolls, p. 383
  8. Cockayne, Vol. XII, Part II, p. 56
  9. Calendar of the Fine Rolls of the Reign of Henry III [CFR] 1242–43, ed. P. Dryburgh and B. Hartland, technical ed. A. Ciula and J.M. Vieira, Henry III Fine Rolls Project's website, no 57, (https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_040.html#it057_008 : accessed 26 September, 2018).
  10. 10.0 10.1 Stephen, p. 308
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Bridgeman, p. 250-252
  12. Stephenson, p. 283
  13. Patent Rolls, A.D. 1232-1247, p. 430
  14. 14.0 14.1 LLoyd, p. 171
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Pennant, p. 279-
  16. 16.0 16.1 Bartrum: Bleddyn ap Cynfyn 4; Morgan Hir 1
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Charles Cawley. Princes of Northern Powys, "Medieval Lands" database (accessed 19 September 2020). "Medieval Lands": A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families © by Charles Cawley, hosted by Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG). See also WikiTree's source page for MedLands.
  18. 18.0 18.1 Cavell, p. 66
  19. Yorke, p. 54
  20. Yorke, p. 55, footnote 2
  21. Wikipedia: Madog Crypl
  22. Richardson, Douglas. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4610-4513-7. p. 273–.
  23. Ormerod, Parentalia, p. 84
  24. Ormerod, Domesday, p. 16
  25. Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, and William Ryland Beall. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna Charta, 1215, and Some of Their Descendants Who Settled in America During the Early Colonial Years. Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co, 1999. p. 170
  26. 26.0 26.1 Patent Rolls, A.D. 1237-1242, p. 627
  27. Eyton, p. 344
  28. Farrer, p. 31-
  29. Davies, p. 238
  30. Davies, p. 244-6
  31. Seebohm, 151- and p. 101- (Appendix D)
  32. Smith, Beverly. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales. University of Wales Press; 15 January 2014. ISBN 978-1-78316-007-5. p. 305–
  33. Roberts, Charles. Calendarium Genealogicum: Henry II. and Edward I.. Longmans, Green; 1865. p. 259– (in latin)
  34. Patent Rolls, A.D. 1272-1281, p. 282




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AUDLEY EMMA Married [1] Henry Touchet [2] Gruffudd ap Madog, daughter of Henry I Audley

[CPR HIII] 7 May 1258 Westminster. Whereas Griffin de Brumfeud has withdrawn from the king's fealty, whereby [he has forfeited] the whole land which he held in dower of his wife in Legh Cumber[ay] of the inheritance of the heir of Henry Tuschet a minor in the ward of John Mansell, treasurer of York, which land is extended by the sheriff of Salop at 54s 11d, a ear, the king has granted the same to the said John until Griffin return to the king's peace or other thing happen in respect of his said wife.

[CIM V1 1219-1307] No. 239. Writ to the sheriff of Salop to take with him the keepers of pleas of the crown and extend land formerly held by Griffith de Brumfeld in Legh Cumbrey as his wife's dower, of the inheritance of the heir of Henry Tuchet [Thomas, born c1244], who is under age. Westminster. 9 March 42HIII. [1258] Inquisition – the demesne of Leye Cumbrey is worth 6s a year besides 2 virgates of land which are worth 25s. The meadow is worth 4s, the mill 12s --------. This is the third part of Leye, held by Griffin de Bromfield as the dower of his wife of the inheritance of the heir of Henry Tuschet.

[CCR HIII] 23 February 1265 Westminster. Rex Nicholao de Hasting', custodi terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt R. de Pen', comitis Derb', salutem. Cum jam de consilio baronum nostrorum qui sunt de consilio nostro providimus quod tene et tenementa que Griffinus fihus Maddoci et Emma uxor ejus tenuerint in dotem ipsius Emme de dono Henrici Tucbef quondam viri sui, a quibuscumque fuerint occupata, eisdem Griffino et Emme restituantur ; vobis de consilio nostro mandamus quod tenas et tenementa que predicti Griffinus et Emma tenuerunt in dotem ipsius Emme in Barketon', Marwrth' et Athellardestr', et que predictus Robertus occasione turbacionis habite in regno nostro occupavit, ut dicitur, eisdem Griffino et Emme sine dilacione restituatis. Et hoc nullo modo omittatis.

King to Nicholas of Hastings, keeper of the lands and tenements which belonged to Robert, earl of Derby, greeting. With the advice of our barons, who are of our council, we have provided for lands and tenements which Griffin the son of Maddoc, and Emma his wife held in dowry of Emma of Henry Tuchet, formerly of her husband, by which they were occupied, let them be restored to the same Griffin and Emma; we order to you from our council that the lands and tenements which the aforesaid Griffin and Emma held in dower of the same Emma in Barketon, Marworth, and Athenlardestr, and whom the aforesaid Robert, on the occasion of a disturbance, occupied in our kingdom, as it is said, you will restore to the same Griffin and Emma without delay. And you should in no way omit this.

[Calendar Chancery Rolls Welsh Rolls] 11 January 1278 Tower of London. To Roger de Mortuo Mari and Walter de Hopton. The king has appointed them to hear and determine the complaint of Emma [de Audley], late the wife of Griffin de Bromfeld, concerning the land of Maillor Seysenek, which is in the king's hands, and orders them to do so at a certain day and place to be provided by them. The king has ordered Roger Lestrange (Extraneo), bailiff of those parts, to cause to come before them such and so many men of those parts by whom the truth may be made known.

[CIM V1 1219-1307] No 1095. 6 July 1277 Worcester. Writ to Guncelin de Batelesmere, justice of Chester. Inquisition – Gruffudd de Brumfeld, when he married Emma daughter of Henry de Aldethelig, gave her the manor of Overton in Mail Saysnek for her life; the manor was conferred upon her by feofment and charter; it was the escheat of the said Gruffudd by the death of Hywel his brother. The custom of Wales is that anybody can give his lands to his wife, before or after marriage, at will. After the death of the said Gruffudd the said Emma stood in seisin of the said lands until war began between England and Wales; then, because she was in the faith of the king of England, Llewellyn, prince of Wales, ejected here from her lands, and gave them to Madog ap Gruffudd. The custom of Wales is that, when anybody has left his lands for fear of war or for other cause and departed from Wales, the lord may seize the land as his escheat and do his will therewith. Endorsed – To await the king's return from Wales. Grant by the said Gruffudd to the said Emma for her life of the manor of Overton and other lands. Confirmation by the son of Gruffudd, now lord of Brumfeld, to lady Emma his mother for her life, of all the lands granted to her by his father.

posted by [Living O'Brien]
edited by [Living O'Brien]
just posted a comment to Gruffydd-111 in response to a DBE [datebase error] suggestion that his mother is Emma, citing two wikidata pages: Q2350750 (Gruffudd) & Q17270025 (Emma).
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
no reliable sources on the wikidata page for Emma. Gruffydd's wikidata page cites ODNB, but I don't have access for anything beyond the excerpt:
Gruffudd Fychan (d. 1289)
Extract: See Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor
Stable URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/59561
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
aha. I think that based on the ODNB excerpt, coupled with the following statements from this biography, I'll mark the DB suggestion as false (Gruffydd-111 is not her son).
"However, the latter statement is an error, acknowledged by the author in a later edition. The children named Llywelyn and Gruffudd were actually from the next generation, sons of Madog Fychan, grandsons of Emma. They were murdered in 1281." (from biography above)
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Hi Liz. Thanks for taking on this Suggestion. The error that was made was thinking that it was the sons of Gruffydd (Gruffydd Maelor II) ap Madog (Ap_Madog-37) who were the subjects of the murder. They were actually two grandsons with similar names.
posted by Kerry Larson
Since the profile of Gruffydd-111 is intended to be the son of Ap_Madog-37, I think that means that Emma must also be his intended mother since there are no other wives in play and multiple sources say she is the mother of the four sons. There's an issue with Gruffydd-111's birthdate (1225) compared to Emma's (about 1220). It appears to me that Gruffydd-111's birthdate may have been calculated by the source based on his father's birth date, not historical documents. I think Emma's is estimated from her first marriage, but there's no reason it couldn't have been earlier.

Edit: All the children must have been born after the death of her first husband, 8 January 1242.

posted by Kerry Larson
edited by Kerry Larson
hmm. Reading through the profile for Gruffydd-111, I came away with the impression that he was intended to represent the grandson also. Would you mind posting to Gruffydd-111? I deleted my previous comment on his profile (which was essentially the same as the first I posted here about the subject).
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Done...and this is to get to the minimum of 30 characters.
posted by Kerry Larson
thanks! finally catching up on things... I changed Gruffudd's birth from 1225 to about 1245. I think we're all set now. Appreciate all your work on this!!
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
nice sleuthing Kerry! Please do change the date. Thanks!
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
The current death date of Feb 1265 may be based on Complete Peerage, Vol. 12, Part 2, p. 56 where it states, "she was living, Feb. 1264/5" (not that she died). Added to profile a reference where she is still alive on 10 Nov 1278. Without objection, I will adjust death date to later than this date.
posted by Kerry Larson
This seems to be the principle source cited proving Emma as Henry's daughter: "...Angharad, da. of Griffith ap Madoc ap Griffith Maelor, Lord of Bromfield, Dinas Bran, and Yale (now co. Denbigh), i.e. of Lower Powis, by Emma, da. of Henry Audley, of Heleigh, co. Stafford."

Cokayne, George Edward, and Vicary Gibbs. 1912. Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct or dormant / by G.E.C. Volume 2. Bass to Canning. London: St. Catherine Pr. p. 231 (https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo02coka#page/230/mode/2up)

posted by Kerry Larson
Name Fields for Welsh Aristocrats has some basics on Welsh naming conventions (e.g., ap means son of)
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Dictionary of National Biography says both Gruffudd & his brother Madog Fychan died 7 Dec 1269. see page 308. It also has Emma, dau. of Henry Audley, as his (Gruffudd's) wife.
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Dictionary of Welsh Biography lists Gruffudd as a son of Madog ap Gruffudd, Lord of Powys, died 1236.

http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/s-MADO-APG-1236.html

see bio for another son of Madog at http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/s-MADO-FYC-1269.html

posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
see also http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id200.html - notes that Bartrum's chart has an error (see the Wales Studies page for details and more info than the following excerpt):

" The c. 1295 Gruffudd whom we chart as the grandfather of Owain Glyndwr is the man sometimes called Gruffudd o'r Rhuddallt. We would make him a younger brother of Madog Fychan (Bartrum incorrectly charts him as thge son of Madog Fychan, confusing him with the c. 1320 Gruffudd who is sometimes called Gruffudd Llwyd."

posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett

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