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Two of Charlemagne's children are easily confused because both were called Pepin:
His year of birth is disputed between 773 and 777.
Favoring 777, the Henry Project quotes Karl Werner's 1967 work in support of 777 [4] *Cawley uses the date 777 as the birth year for Carloman, the son of Charles I, King of the Franks (Charlemagne), and his wife Hildegard. [1]
Favoring 773, Douglas Richardson in Royal Ancestry gives Carloman's birth as April 773 [2] Apparently following Richardson, Wikipedia reports Carloman's date of birth as April 773.</b> [5]
Carloman's parents were Charlemagne, who died 28 January 814, king of the Franks, Emperor, and his mother was Hildegard, who d. 30 April 783, sister of count Gerold.[3]
His place of birth is unknown. [3]
Originally named Carloman, he was baptized at Rome by Pope Hadrian 15 April 781, at which time he was given the name Pepin or Pippin.[2][1].
He was renamed Pépin in 781 when he was named as king of Italy by pope Hadrian. [3]
At his baptism he was made King of the Lombards at Pavia (under Adalhard's regency). [1] Pepin was king of the Lombards (781-810) under the authority of his father.[5]
Some accounts state that he was given the name Pepin after his older half-brother Pepin the Hunchback betrayed his father. This is false because Carloman was renamed Pepin in 781, while Pepin the Hunchback's betrayal did not occur until 792.
He was King of Italy, 781-810. [3][2]
He was active as ruler of Lombardy and worked to expand the Frankish empire. In 791, he marched a Lombard army into the Drava valley and ravaged Pannonia, while his father marched along the Danube into Avar territory. Charlemagne left the campaigning to deal with a Saxon revolt in 792. [5]
Pepin and Duke Eric of Friuli continued, however, to assault the Avars' ring-shaped strongholds. The great Ring of the Avars, their capital fortress, was taken twice. The booty was sent to Charlemagne in Aachen and redistributed to all his followers and even to foreign rulers, including King Offa of Mercia. [5]
The Kingdom of Italy (Latin: Regnum Italiae or Regnum Italicum, Italian: Regno d'Italia) was one of the constituent kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, and Burgundy. It comprised northern and central Italy, but excluded the Republic of Venice. Its original capital was Pavia until the 11th century. [6]
The Carolingian dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 773 when Charlemagne invaded the Kingdom of the Lombards, until the deposition of Charles the Fat in 887. [7]
A mistress was named Chrothais, [3] of whom Settipani states her name is provided by a litany of Reichenau and that she was without doubt a close relative of Adalhard de Corbie and of her half brother Wala, the future protectors of Bernard of Italy. [8] Baldwin believes that Chrothais was the mother of Bernard [3] as does Cawley in the Medieval Lands Database. [9]
There are reports in wikipedia that he married Bertha, born in Toulouse in 777, which would make her the same age as Pepin. Bertha's ancestry is not known from any reliable source although spuriously she has been called the daughter of William of Gellone, count of Toulouse, [5] . A wife Bertha is not confirmed by Richardson, Cawley, or the Henry Project, and Bertha is delinked from this profile as a wife. . There are also reports that he married Ingletrude d'Italia, born in Autun in 775. A wife Ingletrude is not confirmed by Richardson, Cawley, or the Henry Project, and Ingletrude is delinked from this profile as a wife.
At least one site (Find-a-Grave) conflates Bertha and Ingletrude into one person. A collection of secondary source sites is provied on Ingletrude's profile, but nothing rises to the level of a confident fact.
A celebratory poem, De Pippini regis Victoria Avarica, was composed after Pepin forced the Avar khagan to submit in 796. [5]
This poem was composed at Verona, Pepin's capital after 799 and the centre of Carolingian Renaissance literature in Italy. The Versus de Verona (c. 800), an urban encomium of the city, likewise praises king Pepin. [5]
The "Codex Gothanus" History of the Lombards hails Pepin's campaign against Benevento and his liberation of Corsica "from the oppression of the Moors."His activities included a long, but unsuccessful siege of Venice in 810. The siege lasted six months and Pepin's army was ravaged by the diseases of the local swamps and was forced to withdraw. A few months later Pepin died.[5]
Multiple sources give Pepin's death as 8 July 810, and his place of burial as Mediolanum (modern Milan). [3]
On his premature death in 810, Italy went soon after to his illegitimate son Bernard, who was unable to hold on to it for long.[3]
He died 8 July 810 [1] at Milan [2] He was buried at Verona, San Zeno [1]
Pepin was expected to inherit a third of his father's empire, but he predeceased him. The Lombard crown passed on to his illegitimate son Bernard, but the empire went to Pepin's younger brother Louis the Pious.[5]
Richardson states that by his mistress, Pepin had one illegitimate son, Bernard [King of Italy] and that by an unknown wife (or mistress), he had five daughters, Adailhaide, Atula, Guntrada, Berthaid, and Theoderade, [2]
Stewart Baldwin [3] shows Bernard and the five daughters all as illegitimate.
Wikipedia, however states that Bertha was the mother of the five daughters: (Adelaide, married Lambert I of Nantes; Atala; Gundrada; Bertha; and Tetrada), all of whom but the eldest were born between 800 and Pepin's death and died before their grandfather's death in 814. [5]
Given the uncertainty of motherhood, none of the illegitimate children of Pepin other than Bernard, son of Chrothais, should be linked to a particular mother.
The following additional child is linked on WikiTree and requires further research: Unknown di Italia, b. 800 [10]
Cawley suggests the possibility of another daughter Aeda. [12] who married (unproven) Billung (p. Unknown)
Baldwin in the Henry Project states that a daughter Aeda who married Billung, is falsely attributed to Pepin and falsely identified with Adélaïde):[3]
Douglas Richardson [2] provides one line of descent from Charlemagne to William the Conqueror and four lines of descent from Charlemagne to William's wife Maud.
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C > Carolingian > Carloman Carolingian
Categories: Carolingian Dynasty | Charlemagne to William the Conqueror Descent
But Birth date must be changed from 777 to April 773.
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