Category: Investiture Controversy
Categories: Catholic Church | Religious History
The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between Pope Gregory VII (1072-1085) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1056–1106). It was was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of Popes challenged the authority of European monarchies over control of appointments, or investitures, of church officials such as bishops and abbots.
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