Harald Hardråde Sigurdsson (abt. 1015 - 1066)

Born about 1015 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway

Ancestors

Husband of Елизавета Ярославна (Kiev) Киевская — married 1042 in Kiev, Russia

Descendants

Died 25 Sep 1066 at about age 51 in Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, England

Problems/Questions Profile managers: Early Scandinavia Project WikiTree [send private message] and Maggie Andersson [send private message]

Harald III Sigurdsson was part of early Scandinavian history. Join: Early Scandinavia Project Discuss: EARLY_SCANDINAVIA

Biografi

Harald Hårdråde Sigurdsson, född ca 1015, son till Sigurd Syr och Åsta Gudbrandsdatter.

Kung i Norge 1045–1066.

Harald Hårdråde var gift två gånger och det verkar som han var gift med båda sina fruar samtidigt vilket är ovanligt.

Det första giftemålet var med Elisabet av Kiev, egentligen Elisaveta Yaroslavna, storfurstinna av Kiev,, dotter till Jaroslav av Kiev och Ingegerd Olofsdotter av Sverige. Snorre Sturlason omtaler henne som Ellisiv Jarisleivsdatter. Hon blev som drottning i Norge kallad Ellisiv/Ellisif. Morkinskinna saga säger att de gifte sig vintern 1043-1044 och rest till Norge a 1045. Heimskringla säger att hon födde Harald två döttrar när de kommit till Norge, Maria och Ingegerd.

Då Harald 1066 invaderade England följde Ellisiv och döttrarna med på färden, enligt Snorre skall de ha stannat med skeppen på ett ställe som som kallades Ravnsør (Ravenseer), den ytterste udden av Holderness i East Riding of Yorkshire. Där skall dottern Maria, enligt Harald Hårfagres saga, «fått brådød samme dag og samme stund som hennes far kong Harald hadde falt».

Ellisiv och Ingegerd skall ha återvänt till Norge och bosatt sig hos styvsonen Olav på Østlandet, men Ellisiv levde inte länge efter återkomsten, hon förmodas ha dött omkring 1067.

Deras andra dotter, Ingegerd gifte sig först med Oluf Hunger (ca 1045-1095), kung i Danmark 1086-1095 och efter hans död med Filip av Sverige, samregent i Sverige ca 1110–1118.

Det andra giftemålet som ägde rum "året efter konung Magnus den godes död", dvs ca 1048, gifte han sig med Thora, dotter till Thorberg Arnesson. De hade två söner; den äldre hette Magnus och den yngre Olav.^[1]Tora tillhörde den mäktiga Giskeätten. Hennes föräldrar var Torberg Arnesson på Giske och Ragnhild Erlingsdatter, Erling Skjalgssons dotter. Då maken dör 1066 gifter hon antingen om sig med danske kungen Svend Estridsen eller med den svenske kung Håkan. Det är omöjligt att säkert avgöra med vilken av dom hon faktiskt gifte sig med. ^[2]

Död 25 september 1066 i slaget vid Stamford Bridge i England

Han uppges i den senare sagalitteraturen vara Oslos grundläggare. Enligt utgrävningar är Oslos bebyggelse förmodligen äldre än så, men Kungsgården och Mariakyrkan anses vara från Harald Hårdrådes tid.

Biography

Harald Hardrada, King of Norway 1047 - 1066 Old Norse : Haraldr Sigurðarson English : Harald Hardrada

The youngest of Saint Olaf|Olaf II Haraldsson's three half-brothers; Harald “Sigurdsson” Hardrada was born in about 1015 in Ringerike in Norway. ^[3]

Birth: 1015 Buskerud, Buskerud, Norway. Source: #S48

according saga tradition was the son of King Sigurd Syr of Ringerike and Åsta Gudbrandsdatter, who also was St. Olaf 's mother. ^[4]

In 1030, when he was about 15 years old, Harald joined his half-brother King Olav in the Battle of Stiklestad, attempting to restore Olav ll to the Norwegian throne, usurped two years earlier by the Danish King Canute. Olaf Haraldsson was killed, and Harald fled to Gardarike (Kievan Rus') where he became a mercenary and fought for Yaroslav the Wise before moving on to Constantinople in 1034, fighting in Sicily and in Bulgaria, and eventually becoming commander of the Byzantine Emperor Michael's Varangian Guard; and in the process, gathering great personal wealth.

Following the Emperor's death in 1041, he became dangerously involved in conflicts between the new Emperor Michael V and the dowager Empress Zoe. Eventually escaping, he made his way back to Norway via Russia where he married Grand Duke Jaroslav's daughter, Ellisiv (Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev)

The road to become King of Norway and the fight for Denmark

About 1044, Harald joined forces with Magnus Olafsson, when Magnus died in 1047, Harald became king of Norway.

According to the Danish Roskilde Chronicle, Magnus, in 1038 had signed an agreement with Svends predecessor, Canute that the survivor of them, would inherit the first deceased riches. Canute died in 1042, and Magnus and Harald Hardrada fought the following years to gain mastery in Denmark. These battles ravaged and burned the trading hub city of Hedeby, located in the far south of the Danish king's realm.

Harald fought Svend Estridssøn for supremacy over Denmark. In 1047, Harald Sigurdsson and Magnus Olafsson together raided the territories of Svend Estridsen. In 1048, following the death of Magnus, Harald became ruler of Norway.

1062 - Harald Sigurdsson defeated Svend Estridsen in the Battle of Niså with the support of Håkon Ivarsson. From 1602, there were a series of negotiations with Svend Estridsen resulting by 1604 in an agreement between the two men that Harald was King of Norway and that Svend was King of Denmark, and their respective territories were confirmed to be as they were held at the time of their peace treaty.

In religious affairs, Harald refused to receive directives from Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen. He was Svends ally and let the Norwegian bishops receive consecration in England and France .

1064-1064 Harald puts down a major rebellion in Opplandene (modern Kristian & Hedemarken) where the local people were giving support to Håkon Ivarson in exile in Sweden.

Harald had a claim to the English throne; following the death of Edward King of England in January 1066 - Harald sailed with a skipshær to England, according saga tradition, at the invitation of the English earl of Northumberland Tostig Godwinsson to campaign against Tostig's brother, the new Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinsson.

The Battle of Fulford was fought on the outskirts of the village of Fulford near York, Yorkshire in England on the 20th September 1066; between Harald and Tostig Godwinsson; and the Earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria. ^[5]

The Earls Edwin and Morcar were defeated - Harald and Tostig Godwinsson were met in battle five days later on the 25th September 1066 at Stamford Bridge by King Harold of England, and were in turn defeated there. King Harold with his Anglo-Saxon army had force-marched from London to Stamford Bridge, near York, Yorkshire in five days and caught the invading Scandinavian forces unprepared. Harald Hardrada had arrived in England with 300 ships and 15000 men; barely 24 ships were needed for the escaping survivors to return to Norway.

The deaths in this battle of Harald Hardrada and Tostig Godwinsson, contenders for the throne of England, cleared the way for the only surviving contender William Duke of Normandy to challenge Harold Godwinson of England for the throne of England. ^{[6] [7]}

A year after he had fallen in battle in England, his body was brought back to Nidaros (modern Trondheim) and interred in the church he had built there; Mary Church (Elgesæter kloster). ^{[8] [9]}

His two sons with Tora Torbergsdatter , Magnus and Olaf (Kyrre) took over royal power in Norway.

Harald Hardrada and Oslo

Tradition records that he founded the city of Oslo ^[10]

According to Snorri Sturluson Harald founded Oslo . Dense buildings in Oslo is indeed older, but Harald may have contributed to urban development with the construction of a royal residence and churches. He attended church in Oslo and Trondheim. First with King Harald was unification consummated; the rebellious Uplanders was brought into submission, and trønder chief Einar Thambarskelfir was cleared away. Orkney and Shetland ( Shetland ) was tied to the Norwegian monarchy.

Harald III Hardrade, King of Norway (1015 - 1066)

married : Thora Thorsdottir, daughter of Thorberg?) 1048 (Thora Thorbergesdottir de Arnmodling.) before 1045

birth of daughter Ragnhilde DE NORWAY.^[11]

married : Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev (Jatoslawa of Novgorod) daughter of Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde of Sweden, in 1045 ^{[12] [13]}

children of Harald and Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev

Maria d. 1066 ^[14]

Ingegard unknown ^[15]

Magnus II Haraldsson, King of Norway 1049 - 1069

Olav III Haraldsson, King of Norway 1050 - 1093

Noteringar

Slutför samlingen och kristnandet av Norge. 1050. Grundlägger enligt sagan Oslo och bygger en kyrka och kungsgård i staden. Grundläggandet är ett led i kungens försök att säkra kontrollen i Viken och på Opplandene, och staden utgör samtidigt enutgångspunkt för hans krigståg till Danmark. 1066. Med en stor flotta angriper han England från den engelska nordöst- kusten, men faller i ett slag vid Stamford Bridge nära York. Hans söner den 18-årige Magnus II Haraldsson och den ca två år yngreOlav III Haraldsson "Kyrre", ärver Norge. Källa: Rosborn-Schimanski. Deltog med sin halvbror Olav den helige i slaget vid Stiklastad 1030, och for efter nederlaget där till Holmgård och Bysans, var som officer i den kejserliga livvakten med i flera strider bland annatpå Sicilien.Efter 1043 återvände han till Norden med stora rikedomar, gästade svenske kungen i Sigtuna och kom till Norge och delade med sig av sin rikedom till kung Magnus och blev ensam kung 1047efter Magnus död.Efter stider med danske kungen Sven Estridsson, som var norsk tronpretendent blev det en uppgörelse där Harald erkändes som kung i Norge. Ett visst övervälde utövades på Island. Inrikes hävdade han kungamakten mot aristokratin ochlokala myndigheter, kyrkligt motarbetade han inflytandet från ärkebiskopen i Hamburg och lät viga sina biskopar i England och Normandie. Efter Edvard Bekännarens död drog Harald på krigståg tillEngland och stupade där i slaget mot Harald Godvinson vid Stanfordbridge.

Sources

1. ↑ https://heimskringla.no/wiki/Harald_h%C3%A5rdr%C3%A5des_historia
2. ↑ https://nbl.snl.no/Tora_Torbergsdatter
3. ↑ 5 Facts about Harald Hardrada
4. ↑ DOUBTFUL PARENTAGE: SEE http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORWAY.htm
5. ↑ John of Worcester aka Florence of Worcester
6. ↑ The chronicle of Florence of Worcester trans. from Latin by Thomas Forester 1655
7. ↑ from "The Life of King Edward the Confessor" Battle of Stamford Bridge by Matthew Paris
8. ↑ Kong Harald Hardråde er gravlagt på Elgeseter. Wikipedia : Helgeseter kloster
9. ↑ Wikipedia : Helgeseter Priory
10. ↑ from the sagas Store Norske Leksikon : Harald lll Hardråde
11. ↑ Entered by Sheri Sturm.
12. ↑ [S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 16. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.
13. ↑ [S16] Louda and MacLagan, Lines of Succession, table 24. http://www.thepeerage.com/p11287.htm#i112863
14. ↑ Snorri Sturluson
15. ↑ Snorri Sturluson

• Saga of Harald Hardrade, Part I from the Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson
• Saga of Harald Hardrade, Part II from the Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson
• 1066 The Year of the Three Battles by Frank McLynn - pub: Pimlico 1999
• a history of Norwegian Kings and succession