Johann Philip Ludwig (1709 - 1769)

Born 2 Nov 1709 in Ilbesheim, Kircheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern (Germany)

Ancestors

Husband of Maria Eva (Hetzel) Ludwig — married 6 Oct 1733 in Ilbesheim, Kirchheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern, Deutschland

Descendants

Died 25 Jun 1769 at age 59 in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Richard Ludwig [send private message]

Biography

Johann was born in 1709 and is the son of Franz Georg Ludwig and Anna Engel. He died in 1769.

Name

Johann Philip /Ludwig/^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]}

Birth

Date: 02 NOV 1709

Place: Ilbesheim, Kircheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern (Germany)^{[13][14][15][16]}

Christened: 05 Nov 1709

Date: 25 NOV 1709

Place: Ilbesheim, Kircheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern (Germany)^{[17][18][19][20]}

Date: 05 NOV 1709

Place: Iibesheim, Kircheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayer (Germany)^[21]

Found multiple copies of Birth Date. Using 02 NOV 1709

Immigration

Date: 17 AUG 1750

Ship: Ship Royal Union^[22]

Event

Arrival

Date: 1750

Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania^[23][24]

Residence

Date: 1750

Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania^[25]

Date: 1754

Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania^[26]

Marriage

Date: 06 OCT 1733

Place: Kircheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern, Germany^{[27][28][29][30]}

Death

Date: 25 JUN 1769

Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania^{[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]}

Found multiple copies of Death Date. Using 25 JUN 1769 Array

Notes

Notes: N2522Note 1: 7/23/95 - Philadelphia Abstracts of Wills, 1763-1784, Location Searched LMHS:

Phillip Lodwick, Wife, Phillips Children: Adam, Jacob, and Henry. Witnesses: Adam Moses, John Wagoner and Jno. Traney. Signed with his Mark, June 20, 1769. Proved June 30, 1769. Administration CTA, Granted. Recorded Page 393.

Note 2: Johann Philip Vincenz Ludwig (son of Franz Georg Ludwig and Anna Maria Engel), christened 05 November 1709 at Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, Pfalz, Bayern; died June 1769 probably in Pikeland, Chester County, Pennsylvania; married 06 October 1733 at Ilbesheim to Maria Eva Hetzel.

They came to America on the ship Royal Union which sailed from Rotterdam, then from Portsmouth, England and arrived at Philadelphia on 15 August 1750; the same ship that the Hartman family came on.

He was a taxpayer in Pikeland by 1765 (and probably earlier, but 1765 is the earliest Tax List that I've checked).

His will (Philadelphia Will Book O, page 393), which was signed 20 June 1769 and proved 30 June 1769, mentions unnamed wife, and sons Adam, Jacob, and Henry. [Also Philadelphia Administration Book H, page 064, not checked yet.]

Known children, first five christened at Ilbesheim, last four possibly not in correct birth order:

1. Anna Maria Ludwig, christened 14 November 1736; married 02 September 1753 in Chester County to Johann Ludwig Spannagle.
2. Balthasar Ludwig, born 07 December and christened 14 December 1738; married about 1769-70 to Sarah Mueller (daughter of Johann Conrad Mueller and Margaret ______). [The will of Conrad Miller (Philadelphia Will Book Q, page 111), signed 07 December 1744 and proved 25 February 1775, mentions, among others, wife Margaret, child Sarah Ludwick and witness Valentine Orner.] Balthasar appears on the 1765-1768 Pikeland Tax Lists as unmarried; not certain in 1769; probably a married landowner in 1771. 1790 Census: Baltzer Ludwick, page 042, Pikeland, Chester, Pennsylvania [also three males under 16; four females]. Known child: Peter Ludwick, born about 1780, married Maria Magdalena Strock.
3. Anna Philippina Ludwig, christened 19 January 1744.
4. Johann Valentine Ludwig, christened 15 May 1746; married Elisabetha Stein). He was a taxpayer in Pikeland by 1771. 1790 Census: Valentine Ludwick, page 042, Pikeland, Chester, Pennsylvania [one other male 16 or over; six females]. 1800 Census: Valentine Ludwick, page 784, Pikeland, Chester, Pennsylvania. Known children, born in Pikeland: Johannes Ludwig, christened 27 March 1769(7); Peter Ludwig, born 20 May 1772(7), 1800 Census: Peter Ludwick, page 783, Pikeland, Chester, Pennsylvania.
5. Anna Elisabetha Ludwig, christened 15 August 1748; died 1808(9) in Pikeland; married Valentine Orner.]
6. (Maria?) Sybella Ludwig, possibly married to Jacob Mueller. [NOTE: A Jacob and Sibilla Miller had a son Caspar born 14 February and christened 12 April 1761 (recorded at East Vincent Reformed Church). If it?s the same couple, then Sybella must have been born before the family came to America in 1750.]
7. Adam Ludwig, probably born in Pennsylvania. He was a taxpayer in Pikeland by 1780.
8. Jacob Ludwig, born by 1755 (1800 census) probably in Pennsylvania; married to Anna Maria Hipple who was born after 1755 (1800 census). He was a taxpayer in Vincent Township by 1780. 1800 Census: Jacob Ludwig, page 787, Vincent, Chester, Pennsylvania
9. Henry Ludwig, probably born in Pennsylvania.

[NOTES: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden in Pfalz, Bayern, found by Mary D. Taffet. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913 and in the IGI on the FHL FamilySearch website. (Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.) Mary D. Taffet is also researching the Mueller, Stein, and Hueppel/Hipple familes.]

Source: The *Orner Genealogy Project (Arner, Erner, Orner, Urner Families in America): Copyright 'a9 2001 by Joseph Erner (see Copyright Notice)

Chester County Tax Lists: Pikeland Township: 1765: Landowners Inmates Single Men:

1766: Landowners Inmates Freemen: 1767: Landowners Inmates Freemen: 1768: Landowners Inmates Freemen: 1769: Landowners Inmates Freemen: 1771: Landowners Inmates Freemen: These lists were originally published in 1896, based on handwritten lists written more than 100 years prior to that, and they were probably transcribed by multiple individuals. These lists are therefore highly error prone when it comes to rendering of names, but I have nevertheless copied the surnames exactly as spelled in the Pennsylvania Archives. At the bottom of this page I have attempted to show where the same surname was spelled differently at different times.

I have changed the information found on the published lists in the following manner: Where the list shows "First Last, suffix, comment", I have recorded "Last, First suffix (comment)": I have alphabetized each list according to surname

1765 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 92-93: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andrew, Mary 50 - 2 2 -: Bailey, Jno. 150 4 2 3 -: Bearbour, Henry 4 9 - - -: Bearbourer, Casper 60 2 2 3 -: Bell, Jacob 100 3 3 2 -: Bell, Tho's 70 2 3 - -: Boggs, Jno. 220 2 4 6 -: Carle, Josh. 150 3 4 6 -: Chime, Steph. 100 - - - -: Clingar, Jno. 20 1 1 - -: Coats, Jonath'n 150 5 6 - -: Damfilser, Jacob 150 2 4 1 -: Davis, Jno. 143 2 6 5 -: Emery, George 100 1 3 2 -: Evans, Jam's 143 2 3 6 -: Finley, Jam's 100 2 3 4 -: Fitting, Casper 100 3 3 - -: Francis, Jno. 150 4 9 7 -: Ginther, Jacob 70 2 2 - -: Griffin, Tho's 100 2 3 - -: Hanghe, Jno. 150 5 7 15 1: Hart, Adam 100 1 2 3 -: Hart, George 100 2 2 3 -: Hartman, Jno. 120 3 3 3 -: Hartman, Peter 200 4 7 6 -: Helye, Jacob 100 2 2 2 -: Henry, Vindle 100 2 3 - -: Himes, Valentine 250 2 2 8 1: Hipple, Henry 150 2 3 6 -: Hipple, Jacob 100 2 9 - -: Holman, Adam 150 2 3 3 -: Irish, Geo. 50 1 - - -: Jones, Josh'a 100 3 5 6 -: Kear, Jacob 100 2 4 - -: King, Michael 100 2 3 3 -: Kirk, Jacob 50 1 - - : Kirk, Josh. 50 1 - - -: Kirk, Tim'hy 100 5 4 3 -: Lightfoot, Sam'l 400 5 10 5 -: Lodwick, Phil. 200 4 4 5 -: Lowback, Jno. 139 2 4 4 -: McFarlin, Arth'r 200 3 4 6 1: McKinly, Jno. 100 2 3 5 -: McNealey, Adam 177 4 5 7 -: McNeely, Jno. 70 2 2 - -: Millar, Conrad 99 2 4 6 -: Millhouse, Tho's Sen'r 250 5 6 14 -: Mina, Philip 147 2 4 5 -: Moses, Adam 100 1 3 3 -: Packer, Jam's 200 - - - -: Rue, Zach. 180 3 4 4 -: Sharer, Conrad 100 1 2 6 -: Shimer, Fred'c 150 3 4 3 -: Shoman, Peter 200 3 4 6 -: Smith, Henry 100 2 4 9 -: Smith, Valent'ne 150 1 3 5 -: Snider, Jno. 100 2 3 5 -: Snider, Tho's 200 - - - -: Soal, Fran's 100 1 1 - -: Steer, Jacob 85 1 2 5 -: Stephen, Philip 196 3 5 6 -: Tenny, Mich'l 150 3 4 4 -: Thomas, Benj'n 100 2 - - -: Thomas, Wm. 171 3 3 6 -: Urmy, Jno. 150 3 4 5 -: Waggoner, Jno. 200 2 4 5 -: Waggoner, Phil'p 200 3 3 8 -: Wagoner, Peter 200 4 5 12 -: Walter, Jno. 100 2 2 4 -: White, Godfrey 50 1 1 - -: "The 5 Following Persons Refuse to fill up & Sign their List of Property. Their tax doubled.": John, Jos'a 147 2 4 8 -: Lewis, Wm. 100 2 3 10 1: Millhouse, Jno. 125 2 4 8 -: Millhouse, Tho's 200 4 7 15 -: William, Mordica 150 2 2 - -

1765 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 94: Inmates: Bear, Jer'y Gust, Charles O'Neal, Fran's: Benson, Jno. Haroett, Jos. Plouse, Jno.: Bohar, Simon Haverlin, Christ Slider, Simon: Bower, Woolery Himes, Casper Smith, Leo: Carter, Nich's Hobuse, Fred'c Stair, Henry: Clay, Peter Hoilman, Conrad Stile, Arnust: Cunole, Adam Hunsman, Marten Swarner, Jno. Adam: Everd, Yost Lightfoot, Tho's Thomas, Wm.: Ferti, Mich'l Lockey, Rob't Timler, Peter: Fleming, Jno. Millar, Berd. Wagaman, Martin: Foose, Nich's Millar, Jacob William, Amos: Foose, Valen. Morgan, Wm. Wyant, Phil.: Fuller, George Moses, Henry -

1765 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 94: Single Men: Adlar, Jno. Huston, Jam's Pritchard, Josh.: Assick, Mich'l Lightfoot, Wm. Rough, Conrad: Bell, Ch's Lodwick, Bostar Scarlett, Jno.: Brown, Jno. McNealey, Alex'r Seeringer, Mich'l: Buzzard, Jno. McNeily, David Shannon, Jam's: Care, Jno. Meredith, Jno. Smith, Valentine: Coil, Henry Millhouse, Wm. Tenny, Stuffle: Hankey, Henry Mince, Jacob Turk, Jno.: Hick, Barth'w Mince, Stuffle Walter, Wm.: Hullar, Jacob Patten, Jno. Woods, Stuffle

1766 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 209-211: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andre, Magdalen 50 - 1 - -: Bailey, John (tavern, s.m.) 150 3 3 - -: Bearbower, Casper 60 2 2 3 -: Bell, Jacob (shaw macer) 100 3 4 8 -: Bogs, John 240 4 4 6 -: Buckwalter, John 90 - - - -: Carl, Josaias 150 3 3 - -: Cime, Stiphen (s.m.) 110 3 2 - -: Clingar, John (g.m.) 21 2 2 - -: Coates, Jonathan (s.m.) 150 5 7 - 1: Davis, John 157 4 6 5 -: Dawfeltz, Jacob 250 3 3 - -: Deehl, Godfrey 54 1 1 - -: Emrick, George 100 4 3 3 -: Erich, George 50 2 1 - -: Evan, James 157 4 6 5 -: Feeting, Casper 80 2 2 - -: Finlys, Jam's 100 2 3 5 -: Finy, Michael 150 3 3 5 1: Frances, John 100 5 5 10 -: Ginder, Jacob (wheelwright) 70 2 3 - -: Griffith, Tho's 120 2 2 - -: Hailman, Adam 150 3 4 7 -: Hardman, John 150 3 2 - -: Hartman, Peter 200 4 6 5 1: Hartz, Adam 194 2 2 - -: Hartz, Sharlota 8 - 2 - -: Helwig, Jacob 100 2 2 4 1: Henery, Windle 110 2 3 - -: Henge, John (blacksmith) 150 4 6 8 1: Hims, Valentine 250 5 5 7 1: Hippel, Henry 130 4 3 6 -: Hippel, Jacob 100 - - - -: John, Joshua 150 5 5 10 -: Jones, Joseph 100 3 4 7 -: King, Michael 100 2 3 4 -: Kirk, Josep. 50 1 - - -: Kirk, Timothy 100 5 3 9 -: Kirke, Jacob 50 1 - - -: Lagwig, Phillip 200 3 4 5 -: Lawback, John 130 2 3 4 -: Lewis, Will'm 150 4 7 15 1: Lightfoot, Sam'l (g.m., s.m.) 400 7 10 5 1: March, John 70 2 4 - -: McFarland, Arth'r 200 3 4 10 -: McKinly, John 100 1 3 6 -: McKleheny, Ja's - 4 4 - -: Milhouse, John (shopkeeper) 100 5 3 6 1: Milhouse, Tho's Ju. 200 4 7 15 -: Miller, Conrad 90 2 5 - -: Millhouse, Thomas 250 5 6 12 1: Mints, Philip 147 3 3 5 -: Moses, Adam 100 2 5 4 -: Orner, Valentine 100 - - - -: Packer, James 218 6 7 7 -: Rise, Zacherias 188 4 4 - -: Selner, Conrad 14 1 2 - 1: Shawman, Peter 200 3 3 6 -: Shearer, Conrad 100 2 2 - -: Shimer, Conrad (g.m.) 200 - - - -: Shymer, Fredrick 150 3 3 6 -: Slecar, Jacob 75 1 4 - -: Smith, Valentine 185 3 4 - -: Snider, John 100 2 3 8 -: Snider, Tho's 300 3 5 6 -: Sool, Fran's 84 4 4 - -: Starr, Ja's 100 2 - 4 -: Stesen, Philip 200 3 3 4 1: Thomas, Benj'n (g.m., s.m.) 96 2 4 4 -: Thomas, Will'm 270 3 2 6 -: Turner, Abraham 100 - - - -: Urme, John 150 3 4 6 -: Wagner, Bastian 130 - - - -: Wagner, John 200 3 3 7 1: Wagner, Phillip 200 3 4 8 1: Waker, Michael 6 - 1 - -: Walter, John (smith) 100 2 3 4 -

1766 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 211-212: Inmates: Atler, George Fisler, George McKee, Porter: Bell, Thomas Fleemen, John Miller, Jacob: Benson, John Foose, Felty Morgan, Will'm: Birbower, Henry Hall, Jam's Moses, Henry: Boher, Simon Heverloe, Andrew Shlear, Henry: Bower, Ullery Hicks, Bartholomew Smith, Leonard: Brank, John Hicks, Bartho. Smith, Henry: Care, Jacob Himes, Casper Stiil, Ernct: Carter, Nicholas Holman, Conrad Swimer, Adam: Counsman, Martin Hows, Frederick Teisson, Dan'l: Demler, Peter Lackky, Robert Vore, Christian: Dolby, John Lightfoot, Tho's Wyant, Phillip: Ewert, Joseph Maxton, George -: Feis, John McGee, Patrick -

1766 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 212: Freemen: Brown, Jno. Linch, Pillip Mince, Christ'pr: Cim., Peter Ludwick, Baker Moses, Jacob: Cradleer, Ach'y McKinly, Allex'r Reese, Phillip: Denny, Stophell McKleheny, George Still, Chrisopher: Filler, And'w Meredith, John Walter, William: Harris, Joseph Meredith, Jno. Watkin, Benj'm: Henkin, Henry Millhouse, Will'm Williams, Mordecai: Lightfoot, Will'm Mince, Jacob Wolls, Stephen

1767 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11 , pp. 354-355: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andrew, Mary 50 - 2 6 -: Axline, Adam & Christopher 280 5 4 9 -: Bearbour, Henry 10 1 2 - -: Bearbrower, Casper 60 2 2 6 -: Boggs, John 240 3 5 10 -: Buckwalter, John 100 - - - -: Call, Esaiah 150 2 3 6 -: Clinger, John (g.m., s.m.) 22 1 2 - -: Coates, Jonathan (s.m.) 105 5 4 11 -: Cowen, Will'm 100 2 3 4 -: David, John 143 3 4 6 -: Deel, Godfrey 50 1 2 - -: Dunfeltezer, Jacob 150 3 4 6 -: Emery, George 250 2 4 8 -: Evan, James 143 4 4 6 -: Finley, James 100 1 3 5 -: Fitting, Casper 100 3 3 - -: Foose, Valentine 62 2 2 3 -: Francis, John 150 4 5 10 -: Freick, George 50 1 2 - -: Hanch, John 150 3 6 10 1: Hart, Adam 200 4 4 6 -: Hartman, John 120 4 4 7 -: Hartman, Peter 200 5 10 12 1: Helvick, Jacob 100 2 3 - -: Himes, Valentine 200 4 4 8 -: Hipple, Henry 150 2 3 6 -: Hipple, Jacob 100 - 2 - -: Holman, Adam (s.m.) 150 4 4 6 -: John, Joshua 140 3 4 4 -: Jones, Joseph 200 3 6 3 -: Kime, Stephen 75 2 2 - -: King, Michael 138 3 4 6 -: Kinter, Jacob 70 2 2 - -: Kirk, Jacob 50 1 1 - -: Kirk, Timothy 100 5 3 15 -: Laubach, John 100 2 2 2 -: Lewis, Will'm 150 3 4 5 -: Lightfoot, Thomas (s.m., deputy surveyor) 250 4 8 5 -: Lightfoot, William (g.m.) 250 3 7 7 -: Lodwick, Philip 200 3 3 5 -: Lynch, Philip (shopkeeper) - 1 - - -: March, John 70 2 2 6 -: Maxton, George (s.m., t.k.) 150 3 2 - -: McClehaney, James 175 3 4 6 -: McKinley, John 100 3 2 5 -: Miller, Conrad 90 2 2 5 -: Millhouse, John (shopkeeper) 100 3 4 - -: Millhouse, Thomas Jun. 150 3 5 4 -: Millhouse, Thomas Sen'r 250 4 10 10 -: Mintz, Christopher 147 2 1 4 -: Moses, Adam 100 3 4 4 -: Ormy, John 150 2 4 6 -: Rice, Zachariah 180 4 5 10 -: Shearer, Conrad 99 2 2 5 -: Shimer, Conrad (g.m.) 200 - - - -: Shimer, Fredrick 150 3 3 6 -: Shoeman, Peter 200 3 4 10 -: Sleer, Jacob 85 2 3 7 -: Smith, Valentine 85 2 4 5 -: Snider, John 100 2 3 4 -: Snider, Thomas 300 2 5 2 -: Sole, Francis 100 1 2 - -: Starr, James 100 - 2 - -: Stephen, Philip 200 4 5 4 -: Sulliner, Conrad 14 1 1 - -: Teany, Michael 150 3 4 6 1: Thomas, Benja. (g.m., s.m.) 100 2 4 - -: Thomas, Will'm 250 4 3 6 -: Turner, Abram 100 - - - -: Urner, Valentine 94 1 2 2 -: Waggoner, Bastian 150 - - - -: Waggoner, John 200 3 5 6 -: Waggoner, Phillip 200 3 4 8 1: Walter, John 100 2 3 4 -: Windle, Widow 13 - - - -

1767 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 355-356: Inmates: Alder, John Flemin, John Moses, Henry: Bockan, Samuel Foose, Nich's Rode, Michael: Bower, Ullerick Halman, Peter Sayler, Peter: Buzard, John Haverly, Andrew Smith, Leonard: Carter, Nich's Heck, Andrew Sterett, Jos.: Christey, Will'm Himes, Casper Still, Earnest: Cline, John Hutaback, Peter Tice, John: Cronk, John Keter, Michael Twerner, Adam: Dimbler, Peter Lear, Henry (miller) Whisler, Geo.: Edwards, John Morgan, Will'm Wyant, Philip

1767 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 356: Freemen: Beerbrower, Herman Kerr, John Patten, John: Brown, John Kime, Peter Reese, Philip: Clark, Michael Kirk, Tho's Ressinger, Michael: George, at Peter Timlers Lodwick, Paulser Rice, John: Harris, Joseph McKinley, Alex'r Teany, Chris'r: Hatten, John Millhouse, Will'm Walter, Will'm: Huston, Jam's Moses, Peter Williams, Mordecai

1768 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11 , pp. 444-446: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andrew, Widow 50 - 2 - -: Axeline, Adam 270 3 6 6 -: Boggs, John 197 2 5 6 -: Buckwalter, John 100 - - - -: Carles, Josiah 150 3 2 6 -: Cayme, Stephen 55 4 2 4 -: Christman, Geo'e (s.m.) 150 3 3 6 -: Cowen, Will'm (labourer) 100 2 2 - -: Danfettger, Jacob 150 2 4 6 -: Davis, John 143 2 4 6 -: Emery, Geo'e 250 2 4 - -: Evans, Jam's 143 3 3 6 -: Fitting, Gasper 120 2 2 - -: Foos, Vallentine (wheelwright) 30 1 1 - -: Francis, John 184 4 6 8 -: Ganter, Jacob 90 2 2 - -: Hankin, Peter 25 1 2 - -: Hartman, John 130 2 3 6 -: Hartman, Peter 200 4 5 8 -: Hartz, Adam 65 3 3 6 -: Helvey, Jacob 100 2 3 - 1: Henge, John 150 4 5 6 1: Henry, Widow 9 - 1 - -: Himes, Casper (carpenter) 4 - 1 - -: Hinds, Vallentine 250 4 6 10 1: Hipple, Henry 100 2 3 6 -: Hipple, Jacob 100 1 2 - -: Holman, Adam (s.m.) 150 3 4 10 -: John, Joshua 150 2 5 12 -: Jones, Joseph 200 2 5 8 -: King, Mich'l 130 3 3 6 -: Kirk, Jacob 50 2 1 - -: Kirk, Timothy 100 3 3 12 -: Kluger, John (mill, miller) 20 - 2 - -: Labach, John 100 2 3 - -: Lewis, Wm. 150 2 4 12 -: Lightfoot, Tho's (Deputy Surveyor, s.m.) 250 6 7 12 -: Lightfoot, William (g.m., miller) 250 3 8 - -: Lirish, George 50 1 1 - -: Lodwig, Philip 200 3 3 6 -: March, John 70 2 2 6 -: Maxton, Geo'e (tavern, s.m., t.k.) 140 3 3 - -: McKinly, Alex'r 50 1 1 - -: McKinly, John 50 1 1 - -: McKleheny, Jam's 170 3 5 - -: Ments, Chris'r 160 2 2 - -: Milhouse, John (storekeeper) 100 3 6 8 -: Milhouse, Tho's Sr. 200 5 8 12 -: Miller, Conrad 60 2 3 6 -: Millhouse, Tho's Jun'r 150 3 6 - 1: Mosses, Adam 100 2 4 6 -: Orner, Vallentine 90 2 2 - -: Rice, Zachariah 180 3 3 6 -: Richards, Rowland (labourer) 50 1 2 - -: Selenor, Conrod 14 1 2 - -: Shearre, Conrad 99 2 2 - -: Shimer, Conrad (g.m., miller) 200 - - - -: Shimer, Fredirick 150 3 2 7 -: Shuman, Peter 200 3 3 6 -: Slear, Jacob 85 2 2 - -: Smith, Leonard (blacksmith) 50 2 2 - -: Smith, Vallentine 180 2 3 - -: Snider, John 100 2 3 6 -: Snider, Tho's 300 3 4 6 -: Sole, Fra's 89 2 2 - -: Staffon, Philip 194 3 3 7 -: Starr, James 200 2 - - -: Teene, Mich'l 150 3 4 6 1: Thomas, Benja'n (g.m., s.m.) 100 2 4 - -: Thomas, Will'm 250 3 4 6 -: Turner, Abra'm 100 - - - -: Urms, John 150 2 4 6 -: Wagoner, John 200 3 4 6 -: Wagoner, Peter 200 3 4 6 -: Wagoner, Philip 200 3 4 6 -: Walter, John 100 2 3 - -

1768 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 446-447: Inmates: Alder, John Doyle, Mathew Morgan, Wm.: Bogens, Tobias Fissiler, George Moses, Jacob: Bosserd, Jno. Fleeman, John Rice, Jno.: Bouher, Simon Hailman, Peter Riddleman, Jacob: Brown, Olrick Hanker, Henry Rigg, Rob't: Burbower, Herman Herkins, Edw'd Road, Mich'l: Carter, Nicolas Hick, Andrew Seller, Peter: Christy, Wm. Huttonback, Peter Shlir, Henry: Cline, John Keer, Jacob Taylor, Mich'l: Cuntman, Martin Kidd, Jno. Teis, John: Daybel, Leonard Krank, John Wayand, Philip: Denmiller, Peter Miller, Benedick Williams, Amos: Dobbins, Tho's Millhouse, Will'm Williams, Mordica

1768 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 447: Freemen: Brown, John Kerr, John Reym, Peter: Clark, Michael Ladwigg, Balser Rice, Philip: Davis, Neal McFall, Patrick Teene, Christopher: Edwards, John McKleheny, John Walter, Will'm: Huston, Jam's Paton, Jno. Wilkinson, Thomas

1769 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11 , pp. 636-637: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andree, Mary 50 2 - - -: Axline, Adam 200 2 4 6 -: Boggs, John 160 2 3 7 -: Carl, Isaac 150 3 2 6 -: Christman, George (s.m.) 150 3 3 6 -: Clause, Wm. 20 - 1 - -: Clenger, John (g.m.) 40 1 2 - -: Cowen, Wm. 100 2 2 6 -: Danfelter, Jacob 160 2 3 8 -: David, John 143 2 2 4 -: Earch, Geo'e 50 1 2 - -: Emrich, George 250 3 5 8 -: Evans, James 143 2 4 6 -: Fitting, Gasper 130 2 3 - -: Fouse, Vollentine 37 1 1 4 -: Francis, John 145 3 7 15 -: Genther, Jacob 70 2 2 4 -: Hailman, Adam (s.m.) 150 4 3 12 -: Halock, Jacob 100 2 3 - -: Hankin, Barnard 25 1 1 - -: Hardman, John 125 3 4 8 -: Hardman, Peter 200 4 8 10 -: Herds, Adam 200 3 3 4 -: Him, Gasper 10 - 1 - -: Hinge, John (smith) 160 4 6 6 -: Hins, Vollintine 250 2 6 10 1: Hippel, Henry 150 2 4 6 -: Hippel, Jacob 100 - - - -: John, Joshua 147 2 4 6 -: Jones, Joseph 200 3 3 7 -: Kime, John 45 2 2 - -: King, Mich'l 138 2 2 4 -: Kirk, Jacob 50 2 2 - -: Kirk, Timothy 100 2 2 7 -: Lawbauch, John 250 3 3 5 -: Lightfoot, Tho's (s.m., scrivener) 260 4 6 6 -: Lightfoot, Wm. (g.m.) 261 4 4 6 -: Lodwick, Philip 200 3 3 7 -: March, John 70 2 1 6 -: Maxton, George (t.k.) 150 3 3 - -: McKinley, Jno. & Alex'r 100 2 3 8 (3?) -: Menzee, Stofel 150 3 4 6 -: Milhouse, John (shopkeeper) 130 3 6 8 -: Miller, Conrod 90 2 3 4 -: Millhouse, Thomas Sen'r 300 5 6 12 -: Millhouse, Tho's Jun'r 170 4 5 6 -: Mosses, Adam 100 3 4 6 -: Muckelhany, Jam's 160 3 4 - -: Ormeg, John 150 3 3 5 -: Orner, Vollintine 94 2 2 4 -: Rice, Zacarius 180 3 3 6 1: Seal, Mary 50 - 2 - -: Sellenor, Conrod 14 1 2 - -: Shearer, Conrod 99 2 2 4 -: Shimer, Conrod (g.m.) 200 - - - -: Shimer, Fred'k 150 2 3 8 -: Showman, Peter 200 3 3 4 -: Slear, Jacob 85 3 2 - -: Smith, Leonard (smith) 70 2 2 6 -: Smith, Vollintine 185 2 3 8 1: Snider, John 100 2 2 4 -: Snider, Tho's 300 3 4 6 -: Sole, Fra's 100 1 2 - -: Staffin, Phillip 200 2 3 10 1: Starr, Joseph 200 - - - -: Tenney, Mich'l 150 3 2 6 1: Thomas, Benja'n (g.m., s.m.) 100 3 4 6 -: Thomas, Wm. 250 4 2 6 -: Turner, Abra'm 100 - - - -: Wagenor, John 200 3 5 - 1: Wagner, Peter 200 3 3 6 -: Wagner, Phillip 200 3 4 6 -: Walden, John 100 2 2 4 -

1769 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, pp. 637-638: Inmates: Adler, Geo'e Hawkins, Edw'd Pywell, Leonard: Bearbower, Harman Heke, And'w Que, Hugh: Benson, John Heverly, Godfry Reiley, John: Bocher, Sam'l Holman, Peter Seler, Peter: Buzard, John Jenkin, David Shee, Chris'r: Carter, Nicolas Karick, Peter Shott, Milea: Cling, John Kettleman, Jacob Slyer, Henry: Essex, Rudolph Lodwick, Bar. Snider, John: Griffith, Jam's Lowes, Wm. Swanner, Peter: Grunk, John Morgan, Wm. Welder, Mich'l: Handkin, Henry Mosses, Jacob William, Mordica: Hattlebatch, Peter Naylor, Jacob -

1769 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 638: Freemen: Brown, John Filwageners, Henry Millhouse, Tho's Jun'r: Bucket, Tho's Fisher, Burghurt Mullen, Rob't: Clews, Conrod Himes, Peter Patton, John: Davis, Neal Jones, Ed. Smith, John: Denney, Stephen Miller, Wm. -

1771 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11 , pp. 760-762: Land Owners: Name, Acres, Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Servants

Andrew, Mary 50 - 1 - -: Boggs, John 180 4 4 12 -: Carle, Josiah 150 3 3 10 -: Ceffer, John 50 - - - -: Chrisman, George (s.m.) 140 3 3 6 -: Clinger, John (g.m.) 85 2 2 4 -: Clows, Wm. (s.m.) 30 - 2 - -: Cowen, Wm. 100 2 2 5 -: Davis, John 140 2 2 4 -: Deny, Michael 150 3 3 3 1: Donefelt, Jacob 130 2 3 6 -: Emery, George 250 2 4 8 -: Evans, James 120 2 2 4 -: Eyrick, George 50 1 2 5 -: Fitting, Casper 140 2 3 4 -: Fitzsimmons, James 100 2 2 6 -: Foose, Valentine 37 1 2 - -: Francis, John 140 4 6 15 -: Ginger, Jacob (wheelwright) 70 2 3 7 -: Hange, John 140 4 3 4 -: Hankin, Peter 25 1 1 - -: Hartman, John 150 2 2 6 -: Hartman, Peter 200 3 4 6 -: Helwick, Jacob 100 2 2 4 -: Henry, Christiana 13 - 1 - -: Hines, Casper - - - - -: Hines, Valentine 250 3 5 10 -: Hipple, Henry 150 2 3 6 -: Hipple, Jacob 100 1 - - -: Holman, Adam (s.m.) 220 3 3 6 -: John, Joshua 140 2 5 10 -: Jones, Joseph 200 2 4 6 -: King, Michael 210 3 4 5 -: Kirk, Jacob 50 - - - -: Laubach, John 250 4 4 6 -: Lightfoot, Tho's (s.m.) 400 6 12 15 -: Lightfoot, Will'm (g.m.) 240 3 9 9 1: Ludwick, Bosler 140 2 2 - -: Ludwick, Valentine 100 2 1 - -: Maxton, George (innholder) 150 2 2 - 1: McElhaney, James 177 2 4 - -: McKindley, Alex'r 50 1 1 - -: McKindley, John 50 1 2 - -: Miller, Conrad 90 2 3 4 -: Miller, Philip 200 2 2 - -: Millhouse, John 130 2 2 11 -: Millhouse, Will'm 260 2 5 6 -: Mince, Christ'r 147 3 3 8 -: Mootch, John 70 1 2 7 -: Moses, Adam 100 2 2 8 -: Moses, Jacob - - - - -: Ormey, James 150 2 3 4 -: Orner, Valentine 90 2 2 4 -: Packer, James 150 - - - -: Rice, Zach'a 150 2 3 6 -: Sailer, Peter 50 1 2 - -: Sale, Mary 50 - 1 - -: Selner, Conrad, weaver 13 1 3 4 -: Shearer, Conrad 90 2 3 4 -: Shimer, Frederick 150 3 3 9 -: Shueman, Peter 200 3 4 5 -: Slayer, Jacob 85 2 2 8 -: Slyer, George (g.m., miller and dealer in flower) - - 1 - -: Slyer, Henry (g.m., s.m.) 100 2 2 6 -: Smith, John 100 1 - - -: Smith, Leonard 40 - - - -: Smith, Valentine 160 2 3 7 1: Snider, Jno. 100 2 2 5 -: Snider, Jno. Jun'r 100 2 2 4 -: Snider, Tho's 200 3 3 8 -: Soal, Francis 100 2 2 5 -: Staffer, Phillip 180 3 3 7 -: Starr, James 100 2 3 10 -: Thomas, Will'm 240 4 3 4 -: Turner, Abram 100 - - - -: Waggoner, John 200 3 3 6 -: Waggoner, Peter 200 3 3 7 -: Waggoner, Philip 200 3 3 6 -: Walter, John 100 2 2 4 -

1771 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 762: Inmates: Atler, John Garnett, Henry Morgan, Wm.: Batcher, Sam'l Gerick, Peter Pinkard, Adam: Buzard, John Griffey, James Rigg, Rob't: Christie, Wm. Grant, Nicholas Roads, Michael: Cline, John Hankin, Henry Shutt, Mechor: Croff, John Harkins, Edw'd Taylor, Francis: Deel, Leonard Harleman, Conrad Trite, Henry: Deene, Christopher Hipple, Frederick Wilkinson, Tho's: Dimbler, Peter Hottenback, Peter Williams, Mordecai: Dockett, Henry Housan, Anth'y Wyand, Philip: Essick, Rudolph Miller, Valentine

1771 Tax List: Pikeland Township, Chester County, PA: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11, p. 763: Freemen: Allison, Tho's Essick, Michael Mealman, Adam: Brown, John Holman, John Smith, Christ'r: Clows, Christ'r Jones, Edward Spealman, David: Davis, John Karl, Conrad Tinker, Tho's: Edwards, Elisha McElhaney, Rob't Treeby, Joseph

• Source: Pacheste-L mailing list members: g.m.: grist mill: (Source: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11): Inmates: 1) In general, married or widowed males who did not own land: (Source: Pacheste-L mailing list members): 2) Other definitions:: 2.a) "In the Pennsylvania tax records the word inmate meant that the man was over 21 years of age, married , but did not own any land.": (Source: Pacheste-L listserv members): 2.b) "In early records the term inmate was used to denote boarder, roomer or renter. In tax records, it set them aside from the individual responsible for paying the taxes. In census, not members of the family. Many young men were apprenticed to a master craftsman to learn a trade - accounting for so many showing up in various homes as inmates.": (Source: Pacheste-L mailing list members): 2.c) "An inmate according to old tax records was a boarder in someone's house (not a servant, not a relative.)": (Source: Pacheste-L mailing list members): 2.d) "From Random House College Dictionary: inmate: 2. archaic. a person who dewells with another or others in the same house.": (Sources: Pacheste-L mailing list members, Random House College Dictionary): Single Men: Unmarried males who did not own land: (Source: Pacheste-L mailing list members): s.m.: saw mill: (Source: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11): t.k.: tavern keeper: (Source: Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 11): Surname Alternations: Surname alternations observed in this data base:

Phillip was born in 1709. He passed away in 1769.

Sources

1. ↑ Source: #S199
2. ↑ Source: #S267 Data: Text: Notes: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, found by Mary Taffert. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913, and in the IGI on the FHL Family Search Website. ( Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.)
3. ↑ Source: #S317 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Ludwig http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=39749854&pid=25375
4. ↑ Source: #S324 Page: http://Tree.ancestry.com/Tree/12330560
5. ↑ Source: #S337 Page: Submitter: Mo Hoogendyk, Shamrock Place, Blue Springs, Mo 64014. Ged ID ho1877, http://www.mytrees.com; Data: Text: Franz Ludovic and Anna Engel Family and Ancestors.
6. ↑ Source: #S358 Page: Ancestry Family Trees
7. ↑ Source: #S371 Page: http://www.archives.com; Data: Text: Ancestors, Family, Birth and Death Etc. Entry for Anna Catharina Engle.
8. ↑ Source: #S377 Page: Http://www.ancestry.com/tree/23877135. Mullen Family Tree. Data: Text: Various Families of Elizabeth Ludwig 1748-1808 wife of Valentine Orner.
9. ↑ Source: #S393 Page: Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; Year: 1750; Page Number: Data: Text: Arrival date: 1750; Arrival place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
10. ↑ Source: #S429 Data: Text: Residence date: 1754; Residence place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
11. ↑ Source: #S459 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Vincentz Ludovici
12. ↑ Source: #S579 Page: Ancestry Family Tree
13. ↑ Source: #S317 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Ludwig: http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=39749854&pid=25375
14. ↑ Source: #S342 Page: FamilySearch.org; Data: Text: Birth of Johann Valentine Ludwig. Birth of Anna Elizabetha Ludwig. Birth of Philip Ludwig - Father.
15. ↑ Source: #S371 Page: http://www.archives.com; Data: Text: Ancestors, Family, Birth and Death Etc. Entry for Anna Catharina Engle.
16. ↑ Source: #S377 Page: Http://www.ancestry.com/tree/23877135. Mullen Family Tree. Data: Text: Various Families of Elizabeth Ludwig 1748-1808 wife of Valentine Orner.
17. ↑ Source: #S199
18. ↑ Source: #S267 Data: Text: Notes: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, found by Mary Taffert. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913, and in the IGI on the FHL Family Search Website. ( Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.)
19. ↑ Source: #S324 Page: http://Tree.ancestry.com/Tree/12330560
20. ↑ Source: #S337 Page: Submitter: Mo Hoogendyk, Shamrock Place, Blue Springs, Mo 64014. Ged ID ho1877, http://www.mytrees.com; Data: Text: Franz Ludovic and Anna Engel Family and Ancestors.
21. ↑ Source: #S459 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Vincentz Ludovici
22. ↑ Source: #S267 Data: Text: Notes: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, found by Mary Taffert. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913, and in the IGI on the FHL Family Search Website. ( Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.)
23. ↑ Source: #S317 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Ludwig http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=39749854&pid=25375
24. ↑ Source: #S393 Page: Place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; Year: 1750; Page Number: Data: Text: Arrival date: 1750; Arrival place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
25. ↑ Source: #S429 Data: Text: Residence date: 1750; Residence place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
26. ↑ Source: #S429 Data: Text: Residence date: 1754; Residence place: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
27. ↑ Source: #S199
28. ↑ Source: #S267 Data: Text: Notes: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, found by Mary Taffert. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913, and in the IGI on the FHL Family Search Website. ( Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.).
29. ↑ Source: #S343 Page: http://www.familysearch.org; Data: Text: Maria last name Hetzelin. Marriage to Philip.
30. ↑ Source: #S459 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Vincentz Ludovici
31. ↑ Source: #S1
32. ↑ Source: #S199 Data: Text: Has Place of death as Pikeland, Chester County, Pennsylvania
33. ↑ Source: #S267 Data: Text: Notes: Ilbesheim info from Records of the Protestant Church of Ilbesheim-Kirchheimbolanden, found by Mary Taffert. The records can also be found on FHL film #193913, and in the IGI on the FHL Family Search Website. ( Note that the surname is recorded as Ludovici in the earlier records.)
34. ↑ Source: #S317 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Ludwig http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=39749854&pid=25375
35. ↑ Source: #S324 Page: http://Tree.ancestry.com/Tree/12330560
36. ↑ Source: #S371 Page: http://www.archives.com; Data: Text: Ancestors, Family, Birth and Death Etc. Entry for Anna Catharina Engle.
37. ↑ Source: #S377 Page: Http://www.ancestry.com/tree/23877135. Mullen Family Tree. Data: Text: Various Families of Elizabeth Ludwig 1748-1808 wife of Valentine Orner.
38. ↑ Source: #S459 Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Johann Philip Vincentz Ludovici

• Source: S1 Author: unknown Title: 12735 - Ged.Com Publication: Name: Nussli and allied families.; Repository: #R1 Call Number: 12735 NOTE Source Medium: Book Should Be Verified.
• Repository: R1 Name: www.worldconnect.rootsweb.com; Address: E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: S199 Author: Arner Family Project Title: Orner, Valentine - The *ner Genealogy Project Publication: Name: Ludwig and Orner Families.; Repository: #R101 NOTE Source Medium: Electronic Excellant.
• Repository: R101 Name: www.geocities.com/~erner/gen/urner. Address: E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: S267 Author: Mary D. Taffet Title: Taffet's, Mary D. family File Publication: Name: Mary D. Taffet's Family Genealogy.; Repository: #R75 Call Number: mdtaffet.gedcom NOTESource Medium: Electronic
• Repository: R75 Name: WWW.ancestry.com Address: E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: S317 Author: Ancestry.com Title: Public Member Trees Publication: Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Repository: #R145
• Repository: R145 Name: www.ancestry.com Address: E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: S324 Title: Rittenhouse Family Tree
• Source: S337 Title: Ancestry Archives-Submitted Pedigree. Anna Maria Engel
• Source: S342 Title: Germany Births and Baptisms, 1558-1898
• Source: S343 Title: Germany Marriages, 1558-1929 for Johann Philip Vincentz Ludovici
• Source: S358 Title: Ancestry Family Trees Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.; Repository: #R146 NOTE This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created.
• Repository: R146 Name: Ancestry.com Address: http://www.Ancestry.com E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: S371 Title: Archives - Georg Ludwig
• Source: S377 Title: Ancestry.com-Mullen Family Tree
• Source: S393 Author: Gale Research Title: Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010. Original data - Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Gale Research, 2010. Repository: #R146
• Source: S429 Author: Jackson, Ronald V., Accelerated Indexing Systems, comp. Title: Pennsylvania Census, 1772-1890 Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 1999. Original data - Compiled and digitized by Mr. Jackson and AIS from microfilmed schedules of the U.S. Federal Decennial Census, territorial/state censuses, and/or census substitutes. Repository: #R146
• Source: S459 Title: Ancestry Family Trees Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.; Repository: #R146 NOTE This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created.
• Source: S579 Title: Ancestry Family Trees Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.; Repository: #R146

Acknowledgments

• Thank you to Richard Ludwig for creating WikiTree profile Ludwig-529 through the import of Richard Ludwig's Family.ged on January 18, 2013. Click to the Changes page for the details of edits by Richard and others.

<-- Please edit, add, or delete anything in this text, including this note. Be bold and experiment! If you make a mistake you can always see the previous version of the text on the Changes page. -->

• Philadelphia Abstracts Of Will 1763-1784.