Jacques Malan was a Huguenot emigrant (1540-1790).
Jacques was born in about 1665[1] in Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque in Provence, France[2] He is the son of Jacques Malan and Marie Rouette. (Research notes: Parents)
On 23 October 1685 he was forced at Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque in France to abjure his Reformed faith and accept the Catholic faith. [3]
In July 1687[4] Jacques fled with a number of the inhabitants of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque to Genève. The people in the group were: Jacques, Antoine Malan with his wife Isabeau Verdette and their ten month old daughter, Pierre Malan with his wife Isabeau Richarde, Jean Meinard with his wife and six children, Marie Antourd, Jean Rambaud, Jeanne Marque with her two children, Jean Furit, Jean Serrebier and Honorade Reyne.[5]
On 12 September 1687 he received monetary assistance of 31 floryne and 6 soldi from the local congregation in Genève, Switzerland. [6]
On 30 September 1687 he received monetary assistance of 1 floryn, 2 soldi and 40 krone from the Calvanist congregation in Schaffhausen.[7]
On 31 October 1687 he received monetary assistance of 1 floryn and 8 soldi from the French Reformed congregation in Frankfurt-am-Main. The record indicates that his destination was Holland and that Antoine and Pierre Mallan were his cousins.[8]
From Frankfurt-am-Main they probably travelled by boat along the Rhine river to Holland.
The group of fugitives reached Rotterdam in the Netherlands in about December 1687. On 23 December 1687 a list of people who intended to board the ship China to the Cape of Good Hope was drawn up. Jacques's nephews Pierre and Anthoine Mallan are on the list but not Jacques. Initially he probably intended to stay in the Netherlands. It was known that there was a shortage of woman at the Cape making it not very attractive for a young unmarried man. The city lights of the Netherlands was far more attractive.[9]
It is an another 3 months before the ship China would sail for the Cape. In 3 months a lot can change. From an analises made by Harry Booyens it appears that some people decided to stay in the Netherlands and that other would take their place. Antoine Malan apparently decided to stay with his family in the Netherlands. That may have prompted Jacques to eventually board the China to the Cape.[10]
On 20 March 1688 the ship China sailed from Goeree in Holland for the Cape of Good Hope with Jacques probably on board.[10]
In 1691 he is listed with Pieter Jourdan and Jean Jourdan on the muster-roll.[11]
In 1699 he married Elisabeth Longue, the widow of Jean Jourdan, in Drakenstein.[12]
In 1701 the brothers Daniel and Paul Mallan of Saint-Martin-de-La-Brasque in France appears in a list of people who does not do their Catholic duties and was condemned for it. They where enjoying the property of their brother, Jacques, who was a fugitive. This Jacques Mallan can only be the South African progenitor. Since the abjuration of their Reformed faith in 1685 it was expected of them to perform their Catholic duty in order to prove that their abjuration was sincere. However quite a number of them was not very keen on performing their Catholic duty.[13]
On 7 Jun 1702 he bought the farms Languedoc and Rhone in Groot Drakenstein from Jean Gardé. The farm was 120 morgen in size.[14]
On 21 October 1707 he bought a bag of pepper for ½ riksdaalers from the estate of Jacobus van Brakel.[15]
On 12 May 1708 he transferred Languedoc and Rhone to his step son, Pierre Jordaan.[14]
On 30 January 1709 he bought the farm St Martyn in northern Paarl from Gerrit van Deventer. It was 48 morgen and 175 square roods in size.[16]
On 3 July 1709 he bought the farm Waterpoel in the Agter-Paarl from Dirk van Schalkwyk. It was 39 morgen in size.[17]
On 19 Feb 1711 he sold Waterpoel to Henning Viljoen.[17]
Chart of Vergelegen part 2 - 1711
On 28 May 1711 he bought part 2 of the farm Vergelegen in Hottentots-Holland which was 171 morgen and 75 square roods in size. He named the farm Morgenster. It is probably named after the suburb La Belle Estoile of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque which means The beautiful star.[18]
On 1 November 1712 he bought 2 bulls for 14 riksdaalders, 4 calfs for 12 riksdaalders and 1 slave named Augustijn) for 113 riksdaalders from the estate of Matthijs Greeff.[19]
Through his marriage with Elisabeth he became the owner of the farm La Motte in Franschhoek. On 18 December 1718 he received the deed of inheritance for La Motte.[20]
On 3 April 1719 he bought "1 partij tinne werrk for 2 riksdaalders 4 from the estate of Hans Casper Geringer.[21]
On 25 April 1719 he sold La Motte to his step son Pierre Jordaan.[20]
On 13 October 1721 he bought a horse for 25:6 riksdaalders from the estate of Eva Lichthart.[22]
On 28 November 1721 he bought 2 "zaadels" for 1:4 riksdaalders, a "party ysre roegen" for 2:1, 10 "zyldoekse sakken" for 1:3, a "stiegh... from the estate of Cornelis Valk.[23]
On 15 January 1722 he sold St Martyn to Booy Booysen.[16]
On 15 February 1726 he bought a "kelder met ledige flessen" for 0:3, a "parthij sommeling" for 0:2, a "schotel rak" for 0:4, a "rooster" and a "aarde pot" for 1:2 and 11 "ledige bottels" for 0:6 from the estate of Carel Straugh[24]
On 26 Maart 1728 he bought "1 ledige legger" for 5 riksdaalders from the estate of Jan Mijndertsz Cruijwagen.[25]
On 21 February 1729 he bought 4 "greijne planken" for 2:4, 3 "balkjes" for 5 riksdaalders and 4 "beesten" for 36 riksdaalders from the estate of Barbera de Savoije.[26]
On 16 November 1729 he bought 2 "beesten" for 24:3 from the estate of Aletta van der Merwe.[27]
On 5 April 1731 he bought a "legger met wijn" for 20:3 and a "legger met wijn" for 19:4 from the estate of Matthijs Kruger.[28]
On 15 June 1734 he bought 3 "kogelvorms" and a piece of lead for 4:6 from the estate of Andries Kruger.[29]
On 12 July 1734 he bought a "clok" for 36:1 from the estate of Anna de Coning.[30]
On 12 July 1735 he bought 6 silver spoons and 3 silver forks for 15:2 from the estate of Willem Pas.[31]
On 4 November 1737 he bought 3 picks, a shovel and a "snaphaan" for 1:4 from the estate of Michiel Bok.[32]
On 17 June 1737 he bought a bread knife for 1:2 and 100 oxen for 60 riksdaalders from the estate of Johannes Blankenberg.[33]
On 24 June 1737 he bought a "koevoet for 0:6, a "bolderwagen" for 42 riksdaalders, a "kopre vijsel en stamper" for 4 riksdaalders and a "stuk kirsaij" for 18 riksdaalders from the estate of Johannes Blankenberg.[34]
On 4 November 1737 he bought 2 "beesten" for 11 riksdaalders and 4 "beesten" for 10:1 from the estate of Hermanus Eppenaar.[35]
On 8 June 1739 he bought a "rem schoen" for 1:5 from the estate of Johannes Henfke.[36]
Big-Y Y-DNA analysis of 7 male descendants of Jacques shows his Y-DNA haplogroup to be R-FT107013. Future analysis might change that. A further 17 male descendants was Y111 tested so we have quite a good picture of the South African Malan Y-DNA.[41]
Research Notes
Parents: The following research is being done by Daniël Malan co-author of the Malans van Suid-Afrika to establish that Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet were probably Jacques's parents:
On 31 Oct 1687 Jacques received monetary assistance from the Protestant Church in Francfort-sur-le-Main. The entry in the church register states that he was from Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque. It further states that he is a cousin of Anthoine and Pierre Mallan which therefore proves that Anthoine was not Jacques's father. [42]
The passenger list of the ship China of 23 Dec 1687 lists Anthoine Malan and Isabeau Verdette as follows:
Anthoine's surname is incorrectly given as Madan which should be Malan. Isabeau's age is given as 23 years therefore she was born about 1664. Since Jacques Malan was born about in 1670, Isabeau could not have been Jacques mother. Also their names does not fit the names of Jacques children. Therefore Anthoine and Isabeau is NOT Jacques parents.
During 23 to 27 October 1685 all the inhabitants of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque was forced to abjure their Protestant faith. The following Malans was recorded to have abjured their faith:
Daniel Malan and his son, Pierre.
André Malan and Thounette Sadallian.
Antoine Malan and Isabeau Verdette with their children Pierre and Marguerite.
Jean Malan and Marie Meynier with their children Francois, Pierre and Daniel.
Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet with their children Daniel, Jean, Jacques and Paul. [44][45]
In 1701 Daniel and Paul Malan of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque approached the government about the property of their brother Jacques who they described as being a fugitive. [46] I have traced the source of this information to Boucher who says on page 194 the following: "It is interesting to note that in 1701 two Mallan brothers of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque, Daniel and Paul, unenthusiastic converts to Cathollicism, approached the authorities with regard to the detention of the property of a third brother Jacques, a fugitive.210"[47] Boucher's source is the Bulletin of the Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français. In Bulletin of 1927 page 19 it says the following: "Le 18 sept. 1701, huit procès de ce genre sont rèsolus par Le Bret, à l'encontre de N. C., mauvais catholiques : ... . Même décision ... ; contre Daniel et Paul Mallan, de St-Martin-la-Brasque, jouissant de la part de leur frère Jacques Mallan."[48]
There is thus documentary evidence in the French archives which links Daniel and Paul Mallan of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque to their fugitive brother, Jacques, who can be no one other than the South African progenitor, Jacques Malan. On it's turn the abjuration account links Jacques to his parents, Jacques Mallan and Marie Rouet. Further more the Frankfort-am-Mein church register tells us that Jacques Mallan is from Saint Martin. We also have the baptism record of Paul linking him to Jacques and Marie Rouet. Thus we can say with high confidence that the parents of Jacques Malan were Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet.
Robert Rey gives in his MALLAN genealogy the parents of Jacques as being Francois Mallan and Catherine Rambert.[49]His reason for doing so is given by Delia Robertson on the First Fifty Years project web site about Jacques. According to them Jacques is certainly from 'La Motte d'Aigues' and the only Mallans that abjure there on 1685 are Francois Mallan and Catherine Rambert with their children Pierre and Jacques. Therefore Robert decided that Francois and Catherine is Jacques's parents.[50]
The problem with Francois and Catherine being the parents of Jacques's is the following:
As we have seen from the church register of Frankfurt-am-Main, Jacques, is from Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque and NOT from La Motte d'Aigues. It can be seen from these same registers that all the people from Saint Martin travelled as a group. Isabeau le Long who was from La Motte d'Aigues DID NOT travel with them which would have been the case had Jacques been from La Motte d'Aigues.
Secondly as we have seen several Malans abjured in 1685 at Saint Martin under which were Jacques Malan and his wife Marie Rouet and their children Daniel, Jean, Jacques and Paul. Following Robert Rey's reasoning they should be the parents of Jacques.
Thirdly none of Jacques's children has the name Francois. He would certainly have named one of his children to his father.
The reasons that Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet are most likely Jacques's parents are the following:
The 3 church registers where he received monetary assistance from shows that he is from Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque and NOT La Motte d'Aigues.
The only Malan family that abjured in 1685 at Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque who had a son Jacques, was Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet.
The Malans who fled with Jacques were Antoine Malan with his wife Isabeau Verdette and Pierre Malan with his wife Isabeau Richarde. Pierre married Isabeau Richarde on 2 July 1687 at Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque. Antoine and Isabeau abjures at Saint Martin and also Pierre, the son of Daniel Malan. The fact that they adjured together and fled together shows that they are part of the same family.
Then there is the inquiry in 1701 of Daniel and Paul Malan about there brother Jacques. The only Malans of Saint-Martin who had children with the names Daniel, Paul and Jacques was Jacques Malan and Marie Rouet.
Jacques and Marie's names fit in with the names of Jacques's children. The first is named Jacobus which is the Dutch form of Jacques. The second daughter is named Maria which is the Dutch for Marie.
With regards to the question of Jacques's date of birth. We don't have a baptism record since the baptism records of Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque before 1675 has not survived. What we do know is that he is listed as the second oldest at the abjuration in 1685. Therefore he must have been born between his brothers, Daniel and Jean. From his brothers burial entries we know that Daniel was born in about 1664 and Jean in about 1667. Therefore Jacques must have been born in about 1665.
We do not have any documentary evidence which states his place of birth. The oldest surviving record showing were his parents lived is the baptism record of his brother, Paul Malan, in 1676 which states that they were from Saint-Martin. Then we have the abjuration of the family in 1685 also in Saint-Martin. The refugee assistance record all 3 states that he comes from Saint-Martin. Finally we have the 1701 record of his brothers Daniel and Paul who is from Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque. Therefore it is highly likely that Jacques was born in Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque, Provence, France.
Appy, Bernard. La communauté protestante de Saint-Martin de La Brasque sous l'Ancien Régime. Source: Le registres du notaire André Gavaudan (1659-1691). Description: 3 E 69/319 : 1685 : Transcription des abjurations collectives de Saint-Martin de La Brasque, et d'une abjuration à La Bastidonne. [online] available at https://appy-histoire.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/stmb1685a.pdf.
Abjuration pour les habitant du lieu de St-Martin de La Brasque. L'an 1685, et le 23 jour du mois d'aoctobre, advant midy ...
fo 637 :
sy-bas nommés, les habitant de St-Martin de La Brasque soubznommés et seulz de l'amaut appellé Belle-Estoille dépandant du mesme lieu on renoncé et adjuré l'hérézie de la relligion prétendeue et refformée, et touttes auttres hérézies, ce soumettant en enbrassant la relligion catholique appostollique romaine, de laquelle ilz ont faict publiquement profession dans l'esglize parochialle de ce leiu, entre les mains de messire Leupony, vicaire perpétuel de ladite esglize, ayant pouvoir de ce faire de monsieur le grand vicaire de son Esminance. se soumettant, lesdits habitants, en cas de contrevantion, que Dieu ne veille, aux paynes portées par le saint décret, les constitutions canoniques et à celles portées dans les déclarations et ordonnances de Sa Majesté. estant le nom des subznommés et de leurs familles ensuitte esprimés, sçavoir :
p4
- Jacques Mallant, et Marie Rouette, sa femme, Daniel, Jacques, Jean et Pol, ses enfans.
Translation:
- Jacques Mallant, and Marie Rouette, his wife, Daniel Jacques, Jean and Pol, their children.
If one takes the known dates of the 3 refugee assistances one can calculate how far they travelled on average per day. If on then use that to calculated when they left Saint-Martin if comes to the middle of July 1687.
Base de données du refuge hugenot entry no. 97309, http://www.refuge-huguenot.fr. (Search with: Nature = Assistances, Date = 1687 10 31, nom = mallan), accessed 31 May 2017.
23 Dec 1687 : Chamber of Rotterdam writes to Here XVII (extract):
de volgende mans en vrouw persoonen voorgekomen om pr t schip China over te varen, en hun aldaer tot den landtbouw en oeffinge in den wijngaert ter neder te setten, en waer toe UE de selve de behulpsame handt gelieven te bieden met soodanige onderjoudt en anders te doen als de selve nodig mochten hebben, tot dat zij hun selfs konnen generen, en waer toe UE : haer ten eersten aenwijsinge gelieven te doen, om aent werck te geraeken, alles volgens de ordre en reglement UE : desen aangaande toegesonden by de heeren 17, hier onder zijn luijden de hun op den wijngaerdt culture verstaen, en die den Comp en haer zelven inder tijdt voordeel souden kunnen doen, wij sijn van gevoelen na die dese menschen haer klynelyck weten te behelpen dat se haer aen de Caep oock wel sullen kunnen schicken tot haer werck alshaer nu onder een sachter handt gerust vindende en van hare geledene vervolginge bewrijdt zien t gunt de tydt sal leeren, de namen van de voorn : gereformeerde vlugtelinge en die van yders familie zyn als volgt
...
1 Anthoine Madan out 38 jaren en Elisabeth
1 Verdette zijn vrouw out 23 jaren
1 dochterken genaamt out 10 maenden
--- Sa 3 in dese familie
...
1 Pierre Malan out 23 jaren met zijn vrouw
1 Isabeau Richarde out 20 jaren
--- Sa 2 personen in dese familie
...
Note: Anthoine's surname is given incorrectly as Madam which should have been Malan.
The original church registers of the Drakenstein congregation for the period 1698 to 1713 has been lost. All that remained is loose paper notes that was made by Simond for his own use. Therefore we do not have the marriage record of Jacques and Elisabeth. Jean Jourdan died in 1698 and Jacques and Elisabeth's first child was born in 1700. So the marriage must have been in 1699.
Le 18 sept. 1701, huit procès de ce genre sont rèsolus par Le Bret, à l'encontre de N. C., mauvais catholiques :
... .
Même décision ...
; contre Daniel et Paul Mallan, de St-Martin-la-Brasque, jouissant de la part de leur frère Jacques Mallan.
Translation:
The 18 September 1701, eight of this proofs was resolved by Le Bret, against the bad catholics :
Same decision ...
; against Daniel and Paul Malan, of St-Martin-la-Brasque, enjoying the part of their brother Jacques Mallan.
Note: This is a very important piece of evidence in proving who Jacques's parents were. It shows that Jacques had brothers Daniel and Paul and that they were from Saint-Martin-de-La-Brasque.
Gardé verkoop in 1702 [1702-06-07] aan Jacques Mallan van la Motte in Franschhoek wat die plaas in 1708 [1708-05-12] aan sy stiefseun Pierre Jordaan oordra toe hy 'n deel van WA van der stel se Vergelegen aankoop.
Dirk [van Schalkwyk] verkoop Waterpoel in 1709 [1709-07-03] aan die Hugenoot Jacques Mallan wat pas tevore Morgenster naby die Huidige Somerset Wes aangekoop het. Twee jaar later [1711-02-19] koop Henning Viljoen die plaas en behou dit 'n kwart eeu lank.
Jourdan is in 1698 oorlede en sy weduwee trou die volgende jaar met Jacques Malan, ook oorspronklik van St.Martin de la Brusque, 'n dorpie aan die suidelike habg van die Luberon-gebergte in die destydse Franse provinsie Provence. Mallan en die egpaar Jourdan wa reeds jare goed bevriend. Hulle vlug aldrie in 1685 na Switserland en trek vandaar tydsaam al langs die Rynrivier tot by Rotterdam in Nederland vanwaar hulle in 1688 met die Berg China na die Kaap kom.
Volgens die erfbriewe van die omliggende plase le Dauphine, Champagne en la Bri, uitgereik tussen 1710 en 1712, word Jean Jourdan nog beskryf as die eienaar van la Motte. Dit is omdat die landmeter se beskrywing van die situasie soos hy dit in 1694 gevind het, slaafs nagevolg is. La Motte se erfbrief is in 1713 [1713-12-18] opgestel nadat 'n bietjie huiswerk gedoen is en bevind is dat Joudan ondertussen oorlede is en sy weduwee met Mallan getroud is. In die erfbriewe van la Motte, Bourgogne en la Cotte, almal dieselfde dag opgestel, word dus na Mallan verwys as die eienaar van la Motte.
Jacues [nie tikfout] Mallan het verskeie ander eiendomme buite Olifantshoek besit en hy verhuis metterwoon na Morgenster naby die huidige Somerset-Wes terwyl hy la Motte in 1719 [1719-04-25] oordra aan sy stiefseun Pierre Jordaan.
South Africa, Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Dutch Reformed Church Stellenbosch, Kasboek.
Note: Apparently there is an 1742 entry in the Kasboek indicating his death. We need to get a photograph of the page in question in order to verify it.
↑Willem Adriaan van der stel succeeded his father, Simon van der Stel, as Governor of the Cape in 1699; Willem van der Stel abused his official position to corner an over-supplied market in farm produce. Van der Stel was jealous of Adam Tas's wealth and easy going life, and in 1706 he used his legal powers to arrest and imprison him. Tas became a Stellenbosch legend when he had this petition drawn up against incumbent Governor W.A. van der Stel and other farming officials. Tas and his fellow free burghers were protesting against the corruption and extravagant lifestyle of Van der Stel and the fact that abuse of power by officials led to unfair competition with burghers. The Tas petition was submitted to the Lords Seventeen, the governing body of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), in Amsterdam. The petition was rejected and on Sunday, 28 February 1706 Magistrate Starrenburg arrested Adam Tas. From documents in the desk of Tas, Van der Stel established the nature of complaints against him and also the names of the dissatisfied burghers. Though several more burghers were arrested and punished, they were victorious at the end, when the Lords Seventeen in October 1706 categorically prohibited officials to own land or to trade. His wife Elizabeth van Brakel tried hard to get him released; when Adam Tas was finally freed after thirteen months, he named his farm 'Libertas' (liberty). Van der Stel was recalled to the Netherlands in 1707. Sources: http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/adam-tas-arrested; http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2005-05/1116668205 (seen and added by Philip van der Walt with the kind help of Maria Labuschagne on Apr 3, 2017.)
Malan, Hercules, D.G. & J.D.: The Malans of South Africa. Wellington. 2018. Page 55. Added by Daniël Malan on 28 Jan 2020.
↑ The reference in the Vaucluse archive is probably: Archives Départementales de Vaucluse. Notariat de la Tour-d'Aigues. Étude d'Ailhaud-Castelet. 1538-1894. Ref. FRA084_3 E 69/1-562. No. 319. The records of Notary Gavaundan of La Tour d'Aigues. Ref. 3 E 69/319. (http://earchives.vaucluse.fr/archives/show/FRAD084_egf_de-247). I am still trying to obtain the reference number of the original document in the Vaucluse archives. Unfortunately their is currently no digital images available of the document in question. Added by Daniël Malan on 28 Jan 2020.
Malan, Hercules, D.G. & J.D.: The Malans of South Africa. Wellington. 2018. Page 56. I have traced his source to Boucher M., French Speakers at the Cape, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 1981, page 194. His source no. 210 is: BOURRILLY, 'Protestants de Provence et d'Orange', Bulletin, Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme français, LXXVI, Jan.-March 1927, p. 19: Sept. 1701. Added by Daniël Malan on 30 Aug 2020.
↑ Boucher: French Speakers at the Cape, 1981. page 194. Added by Daniël Malan on 24 Oct 2020.
DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Jacques by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
Y-chromosome DNA test-takers in his direct paternal line on WikiTree:
Hi, could one of the active managers also add the project profile [email address removed] to the trusted list of this profile [Privacy Tab] and then also activate it as active manager to this profile, please? (we are having this profile Project Profile Protected) as soon as the LNAB and other facts can be validated with more valid sources. Philip (project research coordinator)