Hugh emigrated to California in 1854. He arrived in British Columbia in 1858, and co-founded the B.C. & Victoria Express Company with partner George Dietz. Their company dominated the freight and market between Victoria and New Westminster and Yale. Dietz and Nelson sold the firm to Frank Barnard Sr., who merged it into his B.C. Express Company. Together with Sewell Moody, Dietz and Nelson formed Moody, Dietz and Nelson, operating name the Moodyville Sawmill Company in what is now North Vancouver.
Hugh was a member of the Yale Convention, which ushered in BC's union with Canada. He was a member of the colonial Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. In 1871, he was elected to the House of Commons, representing New Westminster, and re-elected in 1872. He did not run in 1874.
In 1879, he was appointed to the Senate. He withdrew from business in 1882.
Hugh married Emily Stanton in Ottawa, Ontario on September 17, 1885[1]. He resigned his senate seat in 1887 when he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.
At the time of the 1891 Canada Census, Hugh and Emily Nelson were listed as living in Victoria, British Columbia, along with Emily's bother Herbert Stanton, and two Chinese servants[2]. At the time of the census, Hugh's occupation was listed as "Lt. Governor".
In 1892, Hugh resigned as Lieutenant-Governor and returned to England. Hugh died in London, England on 3 March 1893. His death was registered in Wandsworth, London in the first quarter of 1893[3], and he was buried in St Kenelms Churchyard, Enstone, Oxfordshire[4].
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