William Cecil Price (1816–1901) was a United States lawyer and judge who was active in the proslavery faction of the Missouri Democratic Party from the 1840s on, and who served as Treasurer of the United States from 1860 to 1861.
A farmer, William Price moved to Greene County, Missouri in 1836, when he was about 20. He then attended Knoxville College before returning to Missouri to work as a teacher and store clerk and to read law. He was admitted to the bar in 1844.
Price was active in the proslavery wing of the Missouri Democratic Party. He held various public positions of increasing prominence:
Price claimed that he had originated the idea that the Missouri Compromise must be repealed. In 1844, he traveled through Missouri, warning slaveholders of the dangers to their situation if the Missouri Compromise were not repealed. During the period when the Compromise of 1850 was being discussed, Price met in New Orleans with Jefferson Davis, Judah P. Benjamin, and Robert Toombs. At this meeting, these pro-slavery Democrats concluded that if slavery were not expanded westward, conflict with the North and the secession of the South was inevitable.
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Price joined Missouri's Confederate brigade, under the command of his cousin, Sterling Price. He was taken prisoner by Union forces at the Battle of Pea Ridge (March 6–8, 1862) and was imprisoned at Alton, Illinois for eight months. He was then exchanged for a Union prisoner held by the Confederacy at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Confederate President Jefferson Davis then assigned him as a recruiting officer in Missouri with the rank of Major.
Price resigned in 1864 and moved to Arkansas in an attempt to rebuild his finances as a farmer. After the war, he returned to Missouri, practicing law first at St. Louis, Missouri, later at Springfield, Missouri.
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Categories: United States of America, Notables | Notables | Prisoners of War, Confederate States of America, United States Civil War | Missouri, United States Civil War