There is a Sarah A. Shields listed with the family in the 1860 census. She is 43 years old. That would make her 6 years older than Augustus so she would not be his mother. At this time, there is no additional information but I believe she would be his sister.
Sources
"United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1951-25161-28129-90?cc=1417683 : accessed 21 March 2016), Pennsylvania > Huntingdon > Shirley > ED 201 > image 20 & 21 of 24; citing NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
James Milton Shields obituary, The Daily News (Huntingdon, Pennsylvania), 24 June 1946, p. 3, col. 4.
"United States Census, 1860," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-25270-38127-58?cc=1473181 : accessed 21 March 2016), Pennsylvania > Franklin > Fannett Township > image 19 of 57; from "1860 U.S. Federal Census - Population," database, Fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : n.d.); citing NARA microfilm publication M653 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
"United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11783-148534-30?cc=1438024 : accessed 21 March 2016), Pennsylvania > Huntingdon > Shirley > image 16 of 44; citing NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Augustus by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with Augustus: