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Rome
Ancient Rome, the homeland of Roman civilization, which, from its beginnings as a settlement of Latin peasants on the banks of the River Tiber around 1000 bc, grew to be the centre of the greatest empire of the ancient world. From about 500 to 300 bc, Roman ways quickly began to dominate the whole of Italy and the Mediterranean fringe and, from about 200 bc to the late 5th century ad, Rome controlled vast territories in Europe, Africa, and Asia. They shared a way of life that, while allowing a great many regional differences, gave to many peoples a common culture that was distinctively Roman.
The early origins of this way of life lay in the developing cultures of the Italian tribes: Etruscans [1],Campanians, and others developed alongside the early Romans, although their cultures came to be completely dominated by that of Rome. Many other factors, however, contributed to the Roman way of life. The influence of Greece was enormous, and many Greek styles, customs, and aspects of religion were adopted more or less consciously by the Romans; in time the Near East, as well as outlying parts of Europe, came to add its contributions to Roman life. The economic prosperity of Rome, coupled with military successes that led to the formation of the Roman Empire [2]
The control of an empire of this scale depended on a tightly controlled system of administration, a strong and disciplined army, and excellent communications. Provinces of the empire were controlled by Roman governors appointed by the emperor. The Roman army[3] and a number of strategically placed forts ensured that the empire was defended against hostile local peoples, and an efficient network of roads was built both to allow troops to move swiftly within the empire and to facilitate trade. Taxes levied and valuable commodities such as grain, minerals, and slaves enriched Rome and financed its army. The many diverse peoples and cultures whose countries became part of the Roman Empire were, to varying degrees, united by Roman culture and Roman ideals of government and citizenship. This would created a fertile seedbed for the development of Roman culture and allowed the development of specialist artists, craftsmen, lawyers, and administrators as well as providing the financial resources to support what was, for many, a rich and diverse way of life.
The formation of the Roman Empire began under the Roman Republic, but was formed mostly by the early Roman emperors, and is often thought of as belonging particularly to the imperial dynasties who held power in Rome after the collapse of the old Republican constitution. By the end of the 1st century ad, the Roman Empire was already the greatest empire of the ancient world. However, at the end of the 5th century ad, various economic factors and ceaseless pressure from barbarian peoples on the frontiers of the empire led to its eventual collapse in western Europe. An eastern Empire, based on Constantinople (now İstanbul), continued for far longer.
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Despite occasional major constitutional changes (see Kings of Rome; Roman Republic), Roman history shows a basic stability and continuity from its early days to the fall of the empire, and this slow pace of change was also important in establishing the character of the Roman way of life. Very strong regional differences persisted, in wealth, customs, and taste: the people of the empire in Greece, for example, appear at all times more sophisticated, and probably better off, than their more barbarous cousins in provinces of Gaul or Britain. All, however, lived in a world that was distinctly Roman.
[Rulers of Ancient Rome]Insert non-formatted text here
Fall of the Roman Empire
There were several reasons for the decline of Roman Empire. They are all interweaved with each other. Decline in morals and values, public health problems, political corruption, unemployment, inflation, urban decay, inferior technology, military spending. All these facts had contributed to the fall of one of the greatest ancient civilisations - Ancient Rome.
Roman Empire divided up according to an emperor:
- Julio-Claudians (30 BC-68 AD)
- Flavians (69 AD-96 AD)
- The Five Good Emperors (96 AD-161 AD)
- Severans (161 AD-235 AD)
- The Third Century Crisis
- Constantine and his family (312 AD-363 AD)
- Theodosians (363 AD-450 AD)
- Fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD)[4]
Roman games [5]
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