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Date:
1585
to
1604
Location:
Various locales
The Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604 was an on-again, off-again conflict between Spain and England that never was formally declared.
It began with England's unsuccessful attempt at backing Dutch troops against Spanish rule in 1585, and included the English triumphs at Cadiz and against the first Spanish Armada, both in 1587. It ended shortly after the deaths of Elizabeth I and Philip II, who had presided over their states during the bulk of the conflict.
In 1604, James I (the new English monarch) and Philip's son Philip III sent representatives to negotiate the Treaty of London. Spain agreed to stay out of Catholic-leaning, English-controlled Ireland. Likewise, England agreed to stay out of the Protestant-leaning, Spanish-controlled Netherlands. England also promised to cease its fruitful piracy of Spanish ships on the high seas.
The protracted and curiously informal engagement had long-reaching effects. It nearly bankrupted both England and Spain and rendered many thousands dead on both sides. England, distracted, delayed its American colonization for decades while Spanish power in the New World flourished. England did achieve some of its goals, however. Although English military support had not won the war in the Netherlands, it had helped the Dutch cause, and the lessons learned fighting the Spanish Armadas inspired British navies to new heights in the centuries to come.
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