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Earthquakes on Land

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Earthquakes on Land
Earthquake, Seismograph.




San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, Affected 375 sq, miles, 225 people, total $400 m


San Francisco Earthquake and Fire

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake affected 375,000 square miles, (half in Pacific Ocean). It ruptured ground surface along the San Andreas Fault -290 miles. It was felt from Oregon, to Los Angeles, and as far east as central Nevada.

Shifted ground 4 - 5 feet per second, while the rupture traveled at about 5,900 miles per hour.
  • Devastated northern California areas including Santa Rosa, San Jose, and Santa Cruz. Trees standing near the fault were either uprooted or broken off. Per Dr. John C. Branner of Stanford University, QUOTE “The forest looked as though a swath had been cut through it two hundred feet in width.” In little less than a mile he counted 345 earthquake cracks running in all directions.
24 feet of lateral surface slippage near Point Reyes Station.


  • Property damage of $400 million, ($8 billion in today’s dollars).
  • over 225,000 of the city’s 400,000 residents were homeless.
  • Fires destroyed ~ 28,000 buildings and 500 blocks – ¼ of San Francisco.
  • San Francisco spent $90 million on reconstruction in 19 months.
  • Fires burned 3 days and 3 nights; some were as hot as 2,700°F.
  • Fires were more catastrophic than the earthquake itself.
  • Navy contributed to putting out fires by running water lines, providing water to the city’s fire department for their steam engines.
'Ham and Eggs' Fire
After the quake, a woman lit up her stove to prepare breakfast, not knowing the chimney (above her stove) was badly damaged. This started the 24-hour long 'Ham and Eggs' fire, which destroyed parts of City Hall and Market Street. The site of the original spark in Hayes Valley is stated as 395 Hayes Street, which now houses the 'Caffe Delle Stelle', a classic Italian restaurant.
  • San Francisco received approximately $9 million in relief from individuals, cities, states, the federal government, and other countries.

Timeline



Haiti Earthquake 3,5 billion people, 220 killed, 293,383 buildings damaged, $14 billion


Haiti Earthquake

Haiti.

Haiti Earthquake 7.0 magnitude occurred on one of the islands. 230,000-316,000 killed 1.5 people displaced, 300,000 injured, 23% schools Cholera 8,592, 706,089 Suspect cholera. Aid: $13,34 billion.


Nepal Earthquakes killed over 9,000 people and injured more than 23,000 others

3. Nepal Earthquakes

Asphalt fracture

April

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake killed over 9,000 people and injured more than 23,000 others, with a magnitude of 7.8.The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people the earthquake also triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing. It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.
House
Palace
A major earthquake occurred in Nepal on 12 May 2015 with a moment magnitude of 7.3, 18 km southeast of Kodari. The epicenter was on the border of Dolakha and Sindhupalchowk. This earthquake occurred on the same fault as the larger magnitude 7.8 earthquake of 25 April, but further east , it is considered to be an aftershock of the 25 April earthquake.Tremors were felt as far as 2400 kilometers away from the epicenter in Chennai. Minutes later, another 6.3 magnitude earthquake hit Nepal the earthquake was felt in Bangladesh, China and many other states in India.



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1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes

A series of 3 major earthquakes (along with many aftershocks, some as strong as the earthquakes) that rocked the eastern United States in 1811-1812. They still remain the strongest earthquakes to hit the areas East of the Mississippi. "The area of strong shaking associated with these shocks is two to three times as large as that of the 1964 Alaska earthquake and 10 times as large as that of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake." [1]This series of earthquakes is known for making the Mississippi River flow backwards, and for the creation of Reelfoot Lake in Lake County, Tennessee. [1]

  1. December 16, 1811: (magnitude 7.5‑7.9) Epicenter in Northeast Arkansas, with a major aftershock occurring just five hours later (magnitude 7.4)
  2. January 23, 1812: (Magnitude: 7.3-7.6) - Epicenter in the Missouri Bootheel, caused widespread geological damage. This one is considered to be the smallest of the three principal quakes.
  3. February 7, 1812 - 3:45 a.m- (magnitude 7.5-8.0) Epicenter near New Madrid, Missouri; Several destructive shocks occurred on February 7, the last of which equaled or surpassed the magnitude of any previous event. [2] New Madrid was completely destroyed; this quake created temporary backwards flow in the Mississippi, and created waves so large Reelfoot Lake was created from obstruction of streams in present day Lake County, Tennessee.
Area of concentration
New Madrid fault range compared to San Andreas fault range


Mexico Earthquake


Ridgecrest, California July 4 and July 5 2019
A 4.0 Which is barely noticable for most California residents occured at 10:02:55 followed by a 6.4 at 10:33:49, less then 2 minutes later 4.5 at 10:35:01. The next 32 hours produced a swarm of quakes, one after the other of several intensities.
On 2019/07/05 at 20:16:32 a 5.0 preceeded a 7.1 at 20:19:52. For the next 35 minutes 10 aftershocks of 4.0 to 5.0 recorded.
Damage included about 5 house fires, mostly from broken gas pipes, or faulty electrical when the power surged on.
Numerous houses, including trailers were knocked off foundations.
The Hospital was evacuated for safety, patients tranported to other facilities. The ER was shut down due to broken pipes, triage was set up in the parking lot, patients were treated, and stablized, then transported to other facilities if needed.
The hardest hit was Trona. The main water pipe from the well was broken, leaving the town without water. Power was also down.
One death was reported in Parhump, Nevada. It appears the man was working under his truck and apparently slipped off the jack.
The Great Alaskan Quake of 1964

The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake occurred on Good Friday, March 27th. Liquefaction in and around Anchorage tore the land apart. At magnitude 9.2, it was the second largest quake ever recorded by seismometers. Only 9 people died from the earthquake, but 130 died from the subsequent tsunami; 10 as far away as Crescent City, CA.


Animated map, Click to see Earthquakes

Image of the world with the major earthquakes


ds.iris.edu seismic monitor

Legend
Red: Today
Orange: Yesterday
Yellow: past 2 weeks
Pink/Purple: Past 5 years
Click here for Active Earthquakes Worldwide from http://ds.iris.edu/seismon/


and others




Sources:

  1. New Madrid Earthquakes, Wikipedia





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Christchurch Earthquakes - I say quakes because there were over 10,000 aftershocks in between and after two massive quakes between 2010 and 2011.

https://www.christchurchquakemap.co.nz/all

posted by Raewyn Vincent
edited by Raewyn Vincent