The Allied Powers in the Korean War

Date: [unknown] [unknown]
Location: [unknown]
Surnames/tags: Korean War Allied Powers

Korean Conflict Project

Allied Powers in the Korean War

The (Allied Powers) stands for the entire list of allied countries during the Korean War. It is not intended to post a separate page for each country."'

The Allies are shown by the number of combat forces involved. ^[1]

South Korea – 590,911

United States – 302,483

United Kingdom – 14,198

Philippines – 7,468

Thailand – 6,326

Canada – 6,146

Turkey – 5,453

Australia – 2,282

New Zealand – 1,385

Ethiopia – 1,271

Greece – 1,263

France – 1,119

Colombia – 1,068

Belgium – 900

South Africa – 826

Netherlands – 819

Luxembourg – 44

South Korea - Syngman Rhee

Syngman Rhee

United Nations

United States - Douglas MacArthur

United Kingdom - Clement Attlee and Winston Churchill

Commanders of the Allied forces were: Douglas MacArthur, Matthew B. Ridgway, James Van Fleet, and Mark Wayne Clark.

At the end of World War II, the Allied Powers composed of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain settled the Korea which had been previously occupied by the Japanese into 2 zones, (North and South Korea). They and United Nations would govern the nation. They settled upon the 38th parallel as the division line. The Soviet forces were to occupy the Northern part and the United States occupied the south to try to get the country on its feet. In 1949 they established separate governments.

The South Koreans were unsuspecting when 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army using Soviet tanks invaded into South Korea June 25, 1950.

June 27, 1950

.

Secondly the United States and United Nations troops encountered action in North Korea. The United Nations, strongly represented by the United States had to begin retreating out of North Korea as the Chinese hit the troops with heavy fire.

This was a war against international communism. The Allied Powers were striving to avoid a war against the USSR and China.

President Harry Truman and General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), commander in charge of the Asian theater, decided on goal: an offensive.

MacArthur.

prior to Inch'on.

Battles

By the end of this war, nearly 5 million soldiers and civilians had been killed.

• Battle of Osan - July 5, 1950

map of battle, withdrawal

Osan.

• Second Battle of Seoul- United Nations forces (allies) recaptured Seoul, September 1950

US marines in_Seoul

• Inch’on Landing - 15 September 1950 - 19 September, 1950. An amphibious assault: pushed the North Koreans northward across the 38th parallel.

Inchon.

1st, 2nd waves Blue Beach

invasion route for Inchon (Battle of Inchon).

Red Beach Scaling seawall, Inchon.

• Yongju, Apple Orchard - was first battle the Australians saw. The Apple trees were in full bloom, blocking their visibility. 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR), as part of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade, moved north to Yongu. They could not fire as were unsure of the Americans' location.

Apple Orchard.

• Battle of Pakchon - Chinese First Phase Offensive, 25 October – 1 November 1950. Mao Zedong sent troops from China into North Korea- (he had warned Allies to keep away from Yalu boundary)

• Battle of Chosin Reservoir - 27 November – 13 December - 200,000 shock troops against Allied forces.1950

Chinese entered War Nov 27, 1950

• Third Battle of Seoul - December 31, 1950 – January 7, 1951

• Battle of the Imjin River - a 1951 battle of the Korean War

• Battle of Kapyong- 1951 battle

part of deception operations to draw enemy attention away from amphibious landings at Inchon scheduled for 15 Sept 1950.

• Operation Ripper - March 7– April 4, 1951

• Operation Tomahawk - March 23, 1951-airborne military operation by 187th Regimental Combat Team on 23 March 1951
• Operation Courageous - March 23–28, 1951

UN paratroopers 1951

Apr 10, 1051 Royal British marines

• Operation Commando - 2–5 October 1951

Maryang Australians.

• Battle of Bloody Ridge - August 18 to September 5, 1951 ground battle

• Battle of Heartbreak Ridge - Sept 13- Oct 15, 1951

• Battle of Hill Eerie - March 21 to July 18, 1952
• Battle of White Horse - October 6–15, 1952

horse- Sergeant Reckless.

• Battle of Old Baldy - (5) engagements for Hill # 266 in west-central Korea 1952-1953,

• Battle of the Hook - May 28–29, 1953

• Outpost Harry- June 10–18, 1953

Timeline:

• June 25, 1950 - Invasion of South Korea by North Korea,- beginning of Korean War
• June 26 Destroyers USS Mansfield, USS De Haven evacuate 700 Americans, friendly foreign nationals from Inchon, South Korea

• June 29 Detachment X (507th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion leave Japan to protect Suwon Airfield. First US ground troops in Korea (33 officers and men)
  • June 29 USS Juneau in the first naval gunfire mission of the war. (Samchock South Korea)

• • 1950 (June 27,1950 - Dec 15 1950 Phase I, U.N. Defensive

• President Harry Truman sent 7th Fleet to Taiwan, in efforts to avoid conflict spreading to other battles
• June 29 5th AF 3rd Bombardment Groups (18) B-26 bombers against airfield , Phongyang, N. Korea. 25 are destroyed. Yak fighter shot down

• July 1- US infantry arrive. (2)1st Battalion, 21st Inf Reg, 24th Inf. Div. battery A of 52nd Field Artillery Battalion (TASK FORCE Smith
• July 2 Gen Douglas MacArthur, commander in chief, Far East (CinCFE) requests more marine corps with airsupport

• July 6 (57) NURSES arrive Pusan, Korea- set up the MASH surgical hospital
• July 7 Sailors, Marines from USS Juneau land and destroy railroad tunnel near Kashin, Korea
• July14 President Rhee assigns Korean forces under CINC/United Nations Command
• July 19 Battle of Taejon 24th infantry division defeated by KPA
• July 25 Marine commander brings 1st Marine Div. be full strength
• Aug 1 - Gen. Walker withdraws 8th Army, forms Pusan perimeter, 9000 officers and men of 2nd Marine Div arrive
• Aug 19 - Marine Observation Squadron 6 helicopters start air evacuation of Marine injured.
• August 4 - September 16, 1950 -84,478 U.S. troops defend the Pusan Perimeterv
• Aug 17 - battle for "No Name Ridge
• Sept 13-15 Admiral Struble sends 230 US, UNN warships to do 3 day bombarding near Inchon.
• Sept 14 - USS Missouri bombs Samchok
• Sept 15 - Operation CHROMITE, marines land at Inchon
  • Sept 16 - Nov2, 1950 - UN Offensive PHASE 2
• Sept Breakout of the Pusan Perimeter
• Sept 30 -ROK cross 38th Parallel and Oct 7 American units cross 38th Parallel
• Oct 1 - Pyongyang captured by ROK
• Oct 20 - 71 C119's and 40 C47's drop 2,860 paratroopers (187th) at Sukch'on. Paratrooopers and ground forces kill, capture 6000 N Koreans., rescue POWS.
• Oct 25 - Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) invade
• Nov 27-Dec 15 - Battle of the Changijin (Chosin) Reservoir. 1st Marine Division, 7th Infantry Division, with much needed Navy/Marine air support fought from Chosin Reservoir to Hungnam. This was freezing conditions. 78 miles of mountain roads. Allied forces had 4000 casualties, and frostbite. casualties of Chinese: 25,000.

• Apr 11, 1951 President Harry Truman fires MacArthur.

Video: Truman fires MacArthur

• Last 2 years- war of attrition.
• 1951 President Truman tries for peace, Neither side could agree on the Prisoners of war.
• July 27, 1953 - 2 years later armistice: An agreement was reached, allowing POWs to remain where they chose. newest boundary near the 38th parallel created a "demilitarized zone".

• This newer 2 mile wide "demilitarized zone near the 38th parallel created a "demilitarized zone". It gave South Korea an extra 1,500 square miles of territory.

Allied Powers Regiments:

Troops unload 1950.

British captured by Chinese in 3rd battle of Seoul

29th Brigade, 1st Battalion RUR

8th King’s Royal Irish Hussars

2nd, 3rd, 24th infantry, 25th infantry regiments

159th Field Arty bn,

77th engineer Combat company

ROK 8th Division, February 12, 1951

3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR), part of 27th British Commonwealth Brigade

24th Infantry

Wounded man, 24th inf.

French forces

French Infantry Battalion

First Ranger Company

37th Field Artillery Battalion

Battery B, 82nd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion

Battery B, 503rd Field Artillery Battalion

Company B, 2nd Engineer Battalion (Combat)

2nd Medical Battalion Platoon

1st Marine Division

2nd Marine Division

ROK 1st Division and U.S. 1st Cavalry Division

8th Cavalry Regiment

1st Cavalry Division

21st Infantry

3rd Bombardment Group

2nd, :24th and , 25th Infantry Divisions

1st Provisional Marine Brigade.

Battery A of the 52nd Field Artillery Battalion

5th Marines, 7th Marines, 11th Marines

1st Battalion

Marine Aircraft group 33

8th Army

7th Infantry

7th Fleet

USS Missouri

North Gloucestershire Regiment of Foot

North Gloucestershire Reg

award of medal.

• Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) were actual U.S. Army medical units serving as fully functional hospital for combat areas. Units such as these were begun 1945. They were used also during the Korean War. This phrase is famous due to the TV series, M*A*S*H, depicting a MASH unit. A successor to the MASH unit is the Combat Support Hospital.

• Aerial Warfare: see MiG Alley, USAF Units and Aircraft of the Korean War and Korean People's Air Force.

Vought F4U-4B Corsair, Fighter Squadron 113 (VF-113) (the "Stingers") flies over U.N. ships off Inchon, Korea, on 15 September 1950. VF-113 was assigned to Carrier Air Group Eleven (CVG-11) aboard aircraft carrier USS Philippine Sea (CV-47). battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) below Corsair.

Naval Warfare:

USS Saint Paul (CA-73) near Wonsan, Korea, 27 July 1953, just before signing of truce at Panmunjon. A 12.7 cm (5 in) shell is fired from ship against North Korean shore batteries. This round is believed to have been the last fired on enemy positions by UN Naval units before the armistice.

SEE:

• List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in Korean War

Naval Warfare

green beach, Inchon.

Gen MacArthur observes.

Media:

Memorial, USA.

• Truman fires Macarthur Video

• Royal Ulster Rifles view this UTube on the Korean War and Royal Ulster Rifles.
• VIEW Korean War and Royal Ulster Rifles

• The television series “M*A*S*H was one of the most watched series and was set in a field hospital in South Korea.,

Flags of the countries.

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Tunnels

Since the demilitarized zone was established (4) tunnels have been discovered running from North toward the South in demilitarized zone. Evidence points from blast lines through granite that they were dug from North Korea toward South Korea. Electricity, lights, cots are inside...

First tunnel- November 20, 1974. Size: 3 by 4 ft, extends 0.62 mi into South Korea

Second Tunnel - March 19, 1975. It is 160 and 520 ft below ground and is 7 x 7 feet width.

Third Tunnel- October 17, 1978- a tip was given. 5,200 ft long and 240 ft below ground. It can be seen via a sloped shaft.

Fourth tunnel - March 3, 1990 in the former Punchbowl battlefield. It is 7 by 7 feet), and 476 ft deep.

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Sources:

• Korean War Events
• Regiments, Divisions
• History.com
• Korean War.Commemoration
• Wikipedia - Korean War
• Wikipedia.org
• History.state.gov - Milestones Korean War

• Ireland, Korean War

• list of field hospitals and further reading

See Also Military Records:

• FamilySearch Family Search Names of all Australian armed forces people killed in action 1939-1947, Korea 1950-1953 and Vietnam 1963-1973, Author: McClelland, James, 1927-1994

• Canadian Korean War Memorial : Toronto Township, Cemetery no. 32A, Meadowvale Cemetery, Section 1, Toronto Township, Peel County, Ontario

• The veterans of Shelburne County : a memorial, by: Eleanor Robertson Smith and Patricia McCormick

• Casualties sustained by the British Army in the Korean War, 1950-1953 : completed from various issues of the Times newspaper during the period of the war Available on WorldCat

• Military records : World War II & Korean Conflict overseas interments available on WorldCat

• United States Korean War casuality battle deaths, 1950-1957

• United States Korean War dead and Army wounded, 1950-1953

• United States Korean War repatriated prisoners of war, 1950-1954