War of 1812 Mississippi Territory
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Location: Mississippi Territory
- War of 1812 Resource Page
- War of 1812 Military Decorations
- LT. COL. George Henry Nixon's Military Career
- Thomas Hinds' Military Career
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Unit(s):
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| Mississippi Territory Post Roads |
- This page was written by Allan Harl Thomas
Contents |
1812
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| Gov. David Holmes MS. |
David Holmes, Governor
David Holmes (March 10, 1769 – August 20, 1832) President Thomas Jefferson appointed him as the fourth governor of Mississippi Territory and he was the last governor of the Mississippi Territory, serving from 1809 to 1817, and the first governor of the State of Mississippi.
Governor David Holmes received, on June 20th, 1812, letters from the Tombigbee region assuring him that the Creek Nation was determined on war. These letters were from the Territorial militia. They were dated June 14, and had come to the Governor by express mail. The route lay through the Choctaw Nation. Governor Holmes had also to consider the Spanish coast, between the Pearl River and Perdido, annexed to his territory by Act of Congress, the revolution in San Antonio, and above all, the danger of war with Great Britain.
Ferdinand L. Claiborne
Governor Holmes asked the President of the United States to commission Ferdinand L. Claiborne as a Brigadier General of the militia of the territory. Supported by the legislature in 1809, this appointment was made in 1811. When war was declared in 1812 Claiborne was made a colonel of Mississippi Volunteers, United States Volunteers. Promoted to brigadier general of volunteers in March 1813, he became the force's commander
1812
04-13-1812
Capture of Spanish Mobile, Alabama. General James Wilkinson commanding 3rd Regiment U. S. Infantry Regulars.
- Apr. 13 Having engaged in a war with England, the Federal Government, fearing to leave the port of Mobile longer in the hands of the Spaniards, who were the secret allies of Great Britain, resolved to occupy the whole of the district lying between Pearl and the Perdido rivers, and below the line of 31°, which we had claimed since the treaty with Bonaparte, who ceded to us Louisiana, of which this was a part, as was contended. Accordingly, General James Wilkinson, with six hundred men, of the third and seventh regiments, sailing from New Orleans in transport vessels, commanded by Commodore Shaw, provided with scaling ladders, and every necessary equipment, landed opposite the Pavilion, on the bay of Mobile. He marched up to the town, and took a position in the rear of Fort Charlotte. After some correspondence, the Spanish commandant, Captain Cayetano Perez, capitulated, surrendered the fort, and all the cannon and military stores, the latter of which Wilkinson agreed the United States should pay for. The Spanish garrison retired to Pensacola, and the stars and stripes were hoisted upon the ramparts of Fort Charlotte, which was built of brick, with casements for five hundred men and with four bastions. It was quite an acquisition to the United States at the present time. General Wilkinson sent nine pieces of artillery to Mobile Point, which were there placed in battery. He then marched to the Perdido, and on its western bank, on the main road to Pensacola, began the construction of a strong stockade under the superintendence of Colonel John Bowyer, which was afterwards abandoned. Marching back to Mobile, he dispatched Captain Chamberlain with soldiers to Mobile Point, who began and in two years completed Fort Bowyer. Thus the long period had arrived when no Spanish government was found to exist upon a foot of the soil of Alabama or Mississippi. Memoirs of Wilkinson, vol. 1, pp. 507-520. Conversations with Major Reuben Chamberlain.[1]
Commodore John Shaw commanding Gunboats 5 Transport vessels. During the War of 1812 Shaw commanded the New Orleans naval post as well as the frigate United States.
06-14-1812
'Military units formed from the order of the Governor of the Mississippi Territory, David Holmes, on June 14, 1812 to Colonel James Caller (1758 - ), Tombigbee-Alabama settlements and Major John Bowyer, Fort Stoddart.' [2]
Posted on an advanced point of the Frontier:
- 2nd Regiment U.S. Troops, Fort Stoddart, Major John Bowyer, one company.
- Mounted Militia, Colonel James Caller, one party.
- A Detail equals one major, six captains, six lieutenants, six ensigns, 360 privates, with a competent number of non-commissioned officers to be held in readiness from the below militia regiments.
- 6th Regiment, Washington County
- 8th Regiment, Baldwin County
- 9th Regiment, Wayne County
- 12th Regiment, Green County[3]
07-14-1812
Militia units that were formed after the declaration of war from the Governor of the Mississippi Territory, David Holmes on July 14, 1812.(enlistment-Six Months)
09-6-1812
Colonel Claiborne's Regiment of Mississippi Militia, Sept. 6, 1812 to February 13, 1813.
- The 1st Detachment of Mississippi Militia in service to the United States, known as "the detachment of Mississippi Militia in the service of the United States". under the command of Colonel Militia Ferdinand L. Claiborne. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Total- about 900 men.[4]
Colonel Claiborne's Regiment of Mississippi Militia[5]
- 1st Regiment, Amite County, one company.
- 2nd Regiment, Wilkinson County, one company.
- 3rd Regiment, Adams County, three companies, including volunteer companies of Captains Becket and Painboeuff.
- 4th Regiment, Jefferson County, parts of a company.
- 5th Regiment, Claiborne County, parts of a company.
- 7th Regiment, Baldwin County?, one company.
- 10th Regiment, Warren County, parts of a company.
- 11th Regiment, Franklin County, parts of a company.
- 13th Regiment, Marion County, parts of a company.
Carson's Battalion of Mississippi Militia, formed under orders of the Governor, 1812, Colonel Joseph Carson, Commanding. Mobile region.[6]
Carson's Battalion of Mississippi Militia[7]
- Carson's Regiment of Mississippi Militia.Colonel Joseph Carson, Commanding.Mobile region.
- Captain Peter Cartwright's Company
- Captain Charles H. Devereux's Company
- Captain Josiah D. Lister's Company
- Captain Reuben Saffold's Company
- Captain Josiah Watts' Company
Natchez Volunteer Company, legally exempt from military duty, assigned to patrol duty, by order of the Governor, 1812.Natchez region.
1813
01-10-1813
1st Regiment Mississippi Infantry United States Volunteers (Carson's), organized at Baton Rouge beginning in January, 1813 with the re-enlisting members of the 1st Detachment of Mississippi Militia in service to the United States. Under the command of Colonel Cowles Mead and later Colonel Joseph Carson.[8]
1st Regiment Of Mississippi Volunteers[9]
- Captain Gerard C. Brandon's Company
- Captain Samuel Dale's Company
- Captain Benjamin Dent's Company
- Captain Philip A. Engle's Company
- Captain L. V. Foelckel's Company
- Captain William Henry's Company
- Captain William Jack's Company (at Fort Mims)
- Captain Chas. G. Johnson's Company
- Captain Randal Jones' Company
- Captain Jos. P. Kennedy's Company
- Captain William C. Mead's Company
- Captain Hatton Middleton's Company(at Fort Mims)
- Captain Hans Morrison's Company
- Captain Lewis Paimboiuf's Company
- Captain Thos. Posey's Company
- Captain John Neilson's Company
- Captain James Foster's Company
- Captain Abraham M. Scott's Company
- Captain Benj. S. Smoot's Company
- Captain Archelaus Well's Company "Well's Dragoons"
The Creek War
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| Creek War. |
In southern Alabama [Mississippi Territory] and Georgia the tribes of the Creek confederacy found themselves under increasing pressure from white settlers. Led by Chief Weatherford and Peter McQueen they accepted an alliance with Tecumseh and his "Red Sticks" (named for the red wooden war clubs they carried), in 1812. They vowed to resist further white encroachment on their lands. By the summer of 1813 the tension between them and the whites in southwestern Alabama had become so strong that the settlers no longer felt secure on their isolated farms. About 500 whites gathered inside a crude wall of upright pine poles that surrounded the home of Samuel Mims. This place was called Fort Mims. On August 13, 1813, while the inhabitants were eating their noon meal a group of Creeks attacked Fort Mims. The commander of the militia, Major Daniel Beasley of the Jefferson County MS "Vols" rushed to close the gate but was overwhelmed by the Creeks. Most of the settlers as well as the detachment of militia stationed there were killed. This is known as the "massacre of Fort Mims.". The massacre of civilians rallied American armies under the cry "Remember Fort Mims." - [10]
07-27-1813
Burnt Corn, Monroe County, Alabama
Mississippi Territory Militia
- Colonel James Caller commanding-Washington County Alabama
- Capt. B. Heard's Volunteer Company- Fort St. Stephens
- Capt. B. Smoot's Volunteer Company- Fort St. Stephens
- Capt. P. Cartwright's Militia Company - Washington County Alabama
- Capt. S. Dale's Volunteer Company
- Capt. Dixon Bailey's Native American Company- Tensaw/Little River
- William McGrew's, Robert Caller's, William Bradberry's Company-Fort Glass
08-27-1813
August 30, 1813
Fort Mims occupants:
- Major Daniel Beasley commanding.
- Captain William Jack's Company, 1st Mississippi Volunteers
- Captain Hatton Middleton's Company, 1st Mississippi Volunteers
- Total 1st Mississippi Volunteers force, 175 men.
- Capt. Dixon Bailey's Native American Company, 70 men - Tensaw/Little River
- Lt. Osborn's company, 16 men - Fort Stoddart
- Total militia force 265 men. Casualties of the militia 260 men killed- est.
- Total in fort 553- est. (civilians and militia) Casualties of the total in fort 513 killed- est.
There is a paper in the Mississippi Archives entitled “Muster Roll of the Company order to be Drafted from the Fourth Regiment of Militia, M. T., August 27, 1813,” and signed by David Carradine, Lieutenant-Colonel commanding.These companies were raised sometimes by volunteering and sometimes by draft. [11]
- Captain Samuel Batchelder's company
- Captain John Bond's company (Marion County)
- Captain Parmenas Briscoe company (Amite County)
- Captain Washington Darden's company
- Captain Jeremiah Down's company (Amite County)
- Captain Godfrey Glassburn's company
- Captain John Lowry's company
- Captain Daniel McGahey's company
- Captain Issac Rapalje's company, (Washington)
- Captain William Spencer's company (Marion County)
- Captain James Thompson company
- Captain Robert Twilley's company
- Captain Ethan A.Wood's company
When the news of the massacre reached Mississippi both the Americans and the Choctaw responded immediately. The governor called up the territorial militia and placed it under the command of General Ferdinand Claiborne.[12][13]
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| The Massacre at Fort Mims |
08-30-1813
Militia units formed after Fort Mims Massacre, August 30th, 1813.
Nixon's Regiment of Mississippi Militia in service to the United States, formed by order of the Governor, December 1813. Nine companies of infantry and two mounted rifle companies. Under the command of Lt. Colonel George H. Nixon, of Marion County.
Nixon's Regiment of Mississippi Militia[14] More details
(One company below is from Colonel Nielson's Militia Regiment, First Regiment, Amite County)
- Captain Samuel Batchelder's company
- Captain John Bond's company (Marion County)
- Captain Parmenas Briscoe company (Amite County)
- Captain Washington Darden's company
- Captain Jeremiah Down's company (Amite County)
- Captain Godfrey Glassburn's company
- Captain John Lowry's company
- Captain Daniel McGahey's company
- Captain Issac Rapalje's company, (Washington)
- Captain William Spencer's company (Marion County)
- Captain James Thompson company
- Captain Robert Twilley's company
- Captain Ethan A.Wood's company
09-01-1813
Kimball-James Massacre, Kimball-James Plantation, Clark County, Alabama. The Kimball and James family, a total of 19 civilians were attacked by "Red Sticks". Casualties- 12 killed, two wounded, missing.
09-02-1813
Fort Sinquefield, Clark County, Alabama- Lt. James Bailey commanding
- Lt. James Bailey's company, 1st Mississippi Volunteers (mounted), 11 men- Fort Madison
- Ft. Sinquefield local militia, 15 men
The Bashi Creek Skirmishes, Clark County, Alabama- early September to October 1813
Mississippi Territory Militia
- Colonel William McGrew commanding (killed)
Hind's Battalion of Cavalry, Mississippi Militia, this cavalry battalion was organized at Liberty, Natchez District in September, 1813.
Lt. Colonel Thomas Hinds commanding.
- Jefferson Troop (this was Captain Thomas Hinds Troops until he was promoted to Major)
- Captain John Doherty’s Company,
- Captain Henry Dunn’s Company; Amite Troop,
- Captain Samuel Gerald’s Company
- Captain James Kempe’s Company, Adams Troop, formed 1803
- Captain John G. Richardson’s Company; Madison (Ala.) Troop
- Captain John J. W. Ross’ Company
- Captain Jedediah Smith’s Company, Wilkinson Troop
By November 1813 General Claiborne and his Mississippi militia entered the Choctaw Nation to confer with the Choctaw leaders. Together they planned a joint campaign against the Creeks. After a week of preparation the militia, some regular troops and 700 Choctaw men crossed the Alabama River and established Fort Claiborne about 25 miles upstream of the ruins of Fort Mims.
The Dragoons were the first to go to the field. “In consequence of a representation from the commanding General that a further force was necessary,” Governor Holmes wrote in this message of December 1813, “I ordered the five companies of infantry and two companies of mounted riflemen to rendezvous at the most convenient points and to proceed immediately to the eastern frontier.
The seven companies were ordered to Fort Stoddart in October, and two other companies were detailed to be held in readiness, the whole to constitute a regiment under the command of Col. George H. Nixon , of Marion County.
The regiment was preceded in its march to the Tombigbee by the Third Regiment, U.S.A., Col. Gilbert C. Russell, which had been recruiting outside Natchez at Cantonment Washington for several months. Colonel George H. Nixon reached Mount Vernon.[15] Mount Vernon, near the Mobile River, was General Claiborne's headquarters and where was a United States arsenal, were two forts. The landing place on the river, known as Arsenal Wharf or Fort Stoddart [16]
10-00-1813
Fort Claiborne was built by General Claiborne in mid October 1813 in ten days. A wooden stockade, two hundred feet square, defended by three block-houses and a half moon battery which commanded the river. Used as a staging area for the Battle of Holy Ground. Located on the east side of the Alabama River at Weatherford’s Bluff, Claiborne, Monroe County, Alabama; thirty-five miles north of Fort Mims.[17]
Lt. Colonel Pushmataha's Choctaw Battalion, raised in Neshoba County, early October 1813.[18]
- Captain Mingo Hopaii's Company, 51 men
- 1st Lt. Slim King's Company, 22 men
- Captain Edmond Flosum's Company, 40 men
- Captain Thluko's Company, 12 men
00-10-1813
Beards' ambush, Fort Madison, Clark County, Alabama, late October 1813
Mississippi Territory Militia
- Lt. Bradberry's Company
11-00-1813
November 7, 1813 Tandy Walker's Ambush, Burnt Corn Spring, Alabama. Mississippi Territory militia, Tandy Walker lead
Major Samuel Dale]'s Battalion of Mississippi Militia, Major Samuel Dale commanding, formed sometime after November 1813. Washington County Alabama (?)
Major Samuel Dale's Battalion of Mississippi Militia[19]
- Captain Evan Austill's Company
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Canoe Fight, Randon's Creek, Alabama River, Alabama- 12 November 1813. Mississippi Territory militia, Captain Samuel Dale, out from Fort Madison the lead.
- Lt. Montgomery's Company, 1st Mississippi Volunteers, 30 men
- Lt. G. W. Creagh's Company, Clark County Militia, 40 men
- Captain Samuel Dale commanding 2 other men in dugout
11-25-1813
Officers of the field and staff:
- George H. Nixon, Lieutenant-Colonel;
- Henry Cassells, Major;
- Nathan Swayze, Major;
- Robert Alexander, Adjutant;
- Philo Andrews, Quartermaster;
- Richard Roach, Surgeon;
- Malcolm Gilchrist, Sergeant-Major;
- Samuel S. Montgomery, Second Quartermaster;
- Oliver W. Fuller, Senior Musician;
- Captains Robert Swilley, Samuel Bachellor, Parmenas Briscoe, John Lowry, John Bond, J. Downs.
12-00-1813
Major Smoot's Battalion of Mississippi Militia, Major Benj. S. Smoot commanding, formed sometime around December, 1813.
Major Shoot’s Battalion of Mississippi Militia[20]
- Captain William Bate's Company
- Captain Samuel Dale's Company
- Captain John Jones' Company
- Captain Josiah D. Lister's Company "Lister's Guard"
Battle of Holy Ground, Lowndes County, Alabama- Dec 23, 1813
Mississippi Territory Forces, General Ferdinand L. Claiborne
- Colonel Gilbert C. Russell's 3rd U. S. Infantry Regulars
- Colonel Carson's 1st Regiment Mississippi Infantry United States Volunteers
- Major Cassel's Battalion of Mounted Riflemen
- Major Smoot's Battalion of Militia
- Lt. Colonel Pushmataha's Battalion of Choctaw warriors
In December, 1813, John F. Bowie was “Adjutant and inspector of a regiment of Mississippi militia in the service of the United States,”
1814
January 14th, 1812 General Claiborne wrote, "My volunteers are returning home with eight months pay due them and literally naked."[21]
Two more companies were sent to the regiment in February, 1814, one from Nixon’s regiment (Amite County) and Captain Rapalje’s company from Washington (Natchez). When the term of enlistment expired in April, 1814, the regiment was recruited or drafted.
"Major Cassells will return with such of the troops as have a right to be discharged in April next, and who will not voluntarily consent to stay longer.” (Journal of Governor Holmes.)[22]
In March 1814, after four months of fighting, the US troops and their Choctaw allies had pushed the warriors of the Creeks into a neck of the Tallapoosa River called the "Holy Ground." The Creeks had built extensive fortifications there. On March 29, 1814, this fortified place was attacked by the Americans who were now headed by Andrew Jackson. Once again the Creeks were defeated. Only a few of them were able to escape by swimming the Alabama River. The stronghold was destroyed and about 900 Creeks were killed. This battle marked the end of organized resistance by the Creek Indians.
By July 1814 Nixon's regiment had crossed the Alabama River. Accompanied by some regular troops, they began hunting Creek fugitives on the Escambia River north of Pensacola and in the swamps of the Perdido Bay on the present day Florida-Alabama border near Mobile. After killing or capturing any Creeks they found Nixon separated his militia from the 39th Regiment of the US Army. The 39th Regiment continued on to Lake Tensaw on the Tensaw River near Mobile and Colonel Nixon took his militia command in a northerly direction back to Fort Claiborne. [23]
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| War of 1812, Mississippi Militia ; General, Infantry , Calvary, Adams County Dragoons, Creek Campaign, Jefferson Dragoons |
MILITIA ORGANIZATION
THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY In the WAR OF 1812
Lt Drury M. Allen's Company of Mounted Gunmen[24], Lt Drury M. Allen commanding.
Captain Boyle's Company of Mounted Spies[25], Captain Thomas H. Boyle commanding.
Captain Bradberry's Company of Mounted Spies[26], Captain James Bradberry commanding
Captain Calvitt's Company of Mounted Infantry, [27]Captain Alexander Calvitt commanding.
Captain Cassity's Company of Mounted Spies[28], Captain Hugh Cassity commanding.
Captain Foster's Company of Mounted Infantry[29], Captain Arthur Foster commanding.
Captain Wilkin's Rifle Company[30] , Natchez Volunteer Riflemen, Captain James C. Wilkin's commanding.
Major Swayze's Detachment of Mississippi Militia, Major Nathan Swayze commanding.
Captain John A. Allen's Company of Mississippi Militia[31], Captain John A. Allen commanding.
1st Regiment Mississippi Militia, Amite County, Lt. Colonel Neilson's Detachment of Mississippi Militia.
1st Regiment Mississippi Militia, Amite County[32]
- Lt. Colonel David Neilson commanding
- Captain David T. W. Cook's Company
- Captain John Joor's Company
- Captain William A. Lucas' Company
- Captain Nathan H. Luse's Company
- Captain Samuel K. Sorsby's Company
- Captain Francis Wood's Company
Captain Green's Company of Mississippi Militia (15th Regiment?), Captain James Green commanding.
- 1st Lt. James McDowell
- 2nd Lt. David M. Calliahan
- 3rd Lt. Thomas F. McCaleb
- 3rd Lt. Joshua Rundell
7th Regiment (Perkin's Battalion) of Mississippi Militia, Madison County, Alabama, Lt. Colonel Nicholas Perkins commanding.
- Captain Joseph Acklen's Company
- Captain Peter Barnett's Company
- Captain Samuel Bullen's Company
- Captain James Burleson's Company
- Captain Thomas Eldridge's Company
- Captain James Grafton's Company
- Captain Jonathan Gray's Company
- Captain James Hamilton's Company
- Captain William Johnston's Company
- Captain Elisha F. King's Company
- Captain James Neelley's Company
- Captain John T. Rather's Company
- Captain Abraham Robert's Company
13th Regiment (Nixon's) of Mississippi Militia, Marion County, Lt. Colonel George Henry Nixon commanding.
Thirteenth Regiment, Marion County[33]
- Captain John Bond's Company
- Lieutenant William Bond's Company
- Captain David Cleveland's Company
- Captain Moses Collin's Company
- Captain Francis B. Lenoir's Company
- Captain James McGowen's Company
- Captain James Phillips' Company
- Captain Henry Quin's Company[34]
- Captain Harmon M. Runnel's Company
- Captain William Smith's Company
- Captain William Spencer's Company
14th Regiment (McBoy's) of Mississippi Militia, Mobile County, Alabama, Major Diego McBoy commanding.
- Captain Benj. Dubroca's Company
- Captain Michael McKinsey's Company
- Captain Samuel H. Garrow's Company
- Captain Chas. Lalande's Company
15th Regiment (Johnson's) of Mississippi Militia, Clark County Alabama.
- Captain Mott Lovelace's Company
- 1st Lt. Samuel Easley
- 2nd Lt. James Daffin
- 3rd Lt. James Green
16th Regiment (Burrus') of Mississippi Militia, Madison County, Lt. Colonel Charles Burrus commanding.
- Captain Samuel A. Allen's Company
- Captain Daniel Atkins' Company
- Captain William Crawford's Company
- Captain William Evan's Compnay
- Captain Griffith's Company
- Captain Greaf Johnston's Company
- Captain Wm. Moseley's Company
The militia organization in 1814, as given in the Natchez Almanac, was as follows:
Ferdinand Lee Claiborne, Brigadier-General;
Colonel Claiborne’s Regiment Of Mississippi Militia[38]
- Captain Gerard C. Brandon’s Company
- Captain William Elliott’s Company
- Captain Philip A. Engel’s Company
- Captain Jacob Guice’s Company
- Captain Philip Hill’s Company
- Captain Randal Jones’ Company
- Captain Zachariah Lea’s Company
- Captain Lewis Paimboeuf ‘s Company
- Captain John H. Shanks’ Company
Andrew Marschalk, Adjutant-General;
Aides-de-Camp to the Governor: Joseph Sessions, Thomas Percy, John Haines, Charles K. Blanchard.
John Wood, Aide-de-Camp to General Claiborne.
Lieutenant-Colonels commandant:
- David Nielson, First Regiment, Amite County;
- Samuel Stocket, Second Regiment, Wilkinson County;
- David Fleming, Third Regiment, Adams;
- David Carradine, Fourth Regiment, Jefferson;
- Raymond Robinson,Fifth Regiment, Claiborne;
- James Caller, Sixth Regiment, Washington (Ala.);
- Peter Perkins, Seventh Regiment, Madison (Ala.);
- James Powell, Eighth Regiment, Baldwin (Ala.);
- James Patton, Ninth Regiment, Wayne;
- Henry Manadere, Tenth Regiment, Warren;
- Robert Witherspoon, Eleventh Regiment, Franklin;
- Josiah Skinner, Twelfth Regiment, Greene;
- George H. Nixon, Thirteenth Regiment, Marion;
- John Hinson, Fourteenth Regiment, Mobile (Ala.);
- Reuben Saffold, Fifteenth Regiment, Clarke (Ala.);
- Charles Burris, Sixteenth Regiment, Madison;
- William Bates, Seventeenth Regiment, Jackson;
- Jordan Morgan, Eighteenth Regiment, Hancock.
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| Andrew Marschalk's uniform, front, Adjutant-General. |
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| Andrew Marschalk's uniform, back, Adjutant-General.. |
Mississippi Militia Formed 1814-1815
Sixth Regiment, Washington (Ala.)[39]
6th Regiment of Mississippi Militia (Washington County, Alabama)
- Captain Bailey Heard
- 1st Lt. Alexander McLeod
- 2nd Lt. Ralph Sterrett
- 3rd Lt. Robert D. Potter
18th Regiment of Mississippi Militia, Captain Joseph Vellio's Company (Handcock County)
Eighteenth Regiment, Hancock.[40]
- Captain Joseph Veillo
- Lt. James Carragan
- 1st Lt. Duncan McCall, Quartermaster
03-01-1814
Choctaw Detachment of Warriors in the service of the United States, March 1 to May 29th 1814.
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| Lt. Colonel Pushmataha. |
Choctaw Detachment of Warriors
- Lt. Colonel Pushmataha
- Lt. Colonel Humming Bird
- Major Louis Leflore
- 1st Lt. and Quartermaster John Pitchlyn Jr.
- Quartermaster-Sergeant Samuel Long
- Extra Interpreter Middleton Mackey
U. S. Army Regulars Serving in the Mississippi Territory
(made up of Mississippi Territory men)
- 1st Light Dragoons, U. S. Regulars, 2 troops.
- 1st Artillery Battalion, U. S. Regulars
2nd Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars 1799 Fort Stoddard, Alabama, Captain Shaumburg commanding; 1804 Fort Stoddard Captain Schuylar commanding, Lt. Edmund P. Gaines, Lt. Rueben Chamberlain, Paymaster, 80 men; 1814 Fort Bowyer Alabama, Major Lawrence Commanding, 5 companies.
3rd Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars, posted at New Orleans before 1813, recruited at Cantonment Washington, Adams County, Mississippi in 1813, Colonel Gilbert C. Russell, commanding.
7th Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars, recruited in Kentucky,Major Henry B. Petere commanding.
24th Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars, recruited in Eastern Tennessee
39th Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars, recruited in Eastern Tennessee, Col. Thomas H. Benton commanding.
44th Infantry Regiment, U. S. Regulars, Lt. Col. Ross commanding.
08-16-1814
On July 16, 1814, Nixon’s command marched from the Alabama River with a part of the Thirty-ninth regulars, under Col. Thomas H. Benton, to hunt out the refugee Creeks on the Escambia River. Later in 1814 they were stationed at Pierce’s stockade.
Fall, 1814
Jackson turned to Pensacola, which he had said was his objective of campaign, a year before. At Mims' ferry, the Mississippi Dragoons and other mounted men left their horses, to march the rest of the way on foot. The soldiers forced an entrance into the town November 7, the British fled to Jackson destroyed the remaining fort and set his army in motion for Fort Montgomery, on the perdido. The Dragoons did good work in the Pensacola campaign, and in the command of Majors Blue and Kennedy was a party of Choctaw warriors.
11-07-1814
Storming and Capture of Spanish Pensacola, Pensacola, Florida
U. S. Forces
- Maj. General Andrew Jackson commanding
- Colonel Thomas Hinds' Mississippi Dragoons (Hind's Battalion of Cavalry, Mississippi Militia)
- Major Woodruff commanding
- 3rd U. S. Infantry Regulars
- Captain Larval's Company
- 39th U. S. Infantry Regulars
- 44th U. S. Infantry Regulars 2 cannon
- General Coffee commanding
- Colonel Robert Dyer's 1st Regiment of West Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Gunmen
- Colonel Thomas Williamson's 2nd Regiment West Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Gunmen
- Major William Russell's Separate Battalion of Volunteer Mounted Gunmen
- Major Uriah Blue commanding
- Mississippi Militia
- Choctaw warriors
- Major Kennedy commanding
- Tennessee Militia
- Choctaw warriors
- Captain Denkins' Artillery Company 3 cannon
November 27-28 in 1814 the Ford Home in Fordville, MS hosted General Andrew Jackson. General Jackson stopped there on his way to defend New Orleans from the British during the War of 1812
Jackson hastened on to New Orleans and prepared for defense calling to his assistance all who could carry a gun, militia of all sorts and conditions.
Lafitte's pirates and "men of color" from Mobile.
12-14-1814
Battle of New Orleans
Tennessee militia, 2,700 strong, reached Natchez, December 13, under Gen. Carroll, whom Judge George Poindexter joined as an aide.
The naval engagements at Bay St. Louis and Malheureux islands, December 13-14, left Lake Borgne exposed to the enemy's small boats from the naval station at Ship Island in the Mississippi Sound. On December 12th, 1814, more than 1000 British troops and 42 barges enroute to New Orleans moved through the pass between Ship and Cat Islands and sailed westward along the Mississippi coast. They were closely watched by Lt. Thomas ap Catesby Jones, commanding the seven American boats standing off Malheureux Island. Skirmishes ensued. The significance of this battle was the passage of time allowing General Andrew Jackson to gather more troops and to complete fortifications for the defense at Chalmette.[41]
U. S. Naval Force
- Captain Thomas ap Catesby Jones, Commanding (wounded)
- Bay St. Louise, Battery, two 6-pounders
- Fort Petite Coquille, 10 guns
- U.S.S. Seahorse, Schooner,(Sailing-Master Johnson commanding)- Destroyed
- U.S.S. Alligator, Tender- Captured
- U.S.S. 156, Jeffersonian Gunboat (Captain T.A.P Catesby Jones' Ship)- Captured
- U.S.S. 163, Jeffersonian Gunboat- Captured
- U.S.S. 5, Jeffersonian Gunboat- Captured
- U.S.S. 23, Jeffersonian Gunboat- Captured
- U.S.S. 162, Jeffersonian Gunboat- Captured
The Dragoons under Maj. Thomas Hinds, arrived at New Orleans just in time to take part of the first battle, December 23.
The Natchez Volunteer Riflemen organized under Capt. James C. Wilkins, reached the city on the day of the battle of January 8, 1815, and took position on the field.
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| War of 1812 Project Images Image 7 |
1815
The Battle of Chalmette near New Orleans in January 1815 marked the end of the War of 1812 and the troubles with the Indians which had been encouraged by the British. Nixon's regiment returned to Camp Pearl River on the Pearl River near Gainesville, Mississippi. The troops under General Carroll followed the trail they had marked back through Pike County on their way home to Tennessee. With the defeat of the Creeks and the British, peace had returned to the land. The militia units were deactivated and the surviving militiamen returned home to their farms. George Nixon returned home a hero. Two years later, in 1817, he was elected a member of the first Mississippi legislature from Marion and Hancock counties which included what was later Pike County.[42]
The total contribution of the Mississippi Territory to this war.
Calvary: officers 44, men 442 Mounted Infantry: officers 51, men 738 Riflemen: officers 21, men 326 Spies: officers 1, men 13 For a total of 1,667.[43][44]
Such was the record of the war department of the United States. Of course many more performed military duty of more or less importance and danger.
| Name | Branch | Rank | Unit |
| Brown, Isham Felix | Militia | Corporal | Carson's Regiment |
| Hinds, Thomas | Army National Guard | Colonel | 155th Infantry Regiment |
| Richardson, John Gaulden | Militia | Colonel | Unknown |
| Kemper, Reuben | Militia | Colonel | Feliciana Dragoons |
| Nixon, George H. | Militia | Colonel | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Bond II, John | Militia | Major | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Wells, Nathaniel | Militia | Major | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Bond III, John | Militia | Captain | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Ford, David | Militia | Fifer | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Seale, Littleton | Militia | Unknown | 13th Regiment |
| Seale, Eli | Militia | Fifer | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Simmons, Willis | Militia | Private | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
| Simmons, Richard | Militia | Private | 13th Regiment (Nixon's) |
Links
National Society United States Daughters of 1812
Choctaw Detachment of Warriors
Mississippi Department of Archives and History
THE JEFFERSON TROOP AND THOMAS HINDS
Letter from Ferdinand L. Claiborne at a "Soldiers Retreat," to Colonel James
War of 1812 Discharge Certificates Appendix I: List of Units and Subunits
MDAH Digital Archives include Administration Papers (Mississippi Territory). Use option "search for keyword", ie "Nixon" for Lieutenant-Colonel Nixon’s Regiment
Bibliography
PICTORIAL FIELD-BOOK OF THE WAR OF 1812. BY BENSON J. LOSSING 1869.
A History of Mississippi: From the Discovery of the Great River by Hernando Desoto, Including the Earliest Settlement Made by the French Under Iberville, to the Death of Jefferson Davis By Robert Lowry, William H. McCardle
Mississippi Territory in the War of 1812, Volume 4
Military History of Mississippi, 1803-1898: Taken from the Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, 1908
Andrew Jackson by Brown, William Garrott, 1868-1913 Published c1900
[Osprey Men-at-Arms 226 : The American War 1812-1814]
The War of 1812, John K. Mahon, 1972 DA Capo Press.
PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS The Battle of New Orleans including the Previous Engagements between the Americans and the British, the Indians and the Spanish which led to the Final Conflict on the 8th of January, 1815 Author: Zachary F. Smith
New Orleans1815, Campaign Series 28, Tim Pickles, 1993, 1995,1998 Osprey Military.
Alabama Trails, Battles fought Alabama
The Creek War of 1813 and 1814 (Library Alabama Classics) Paperback – May 30, 1995 by H. S. Halbert (Author), T. H. Ball (Author), Frank L. Owsley Jr (Editor
Mississippi Territory The Military, Book Three by Jean Strickland and Patricia N. Edwards,(Moss Point, Ms.: Ben Strickland Publications, 1995)
Mississippi Territory in the War of 1812, Mrs. Dunbar Rowland, ( Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 1996).
For a history of the Mississippi units, you should see Dunbar Rowland, Military History of Mississippi 1803-1898 (Greenville, S. C.: The Reprint Company, 1987).[45]
Report of the Alabama history commission to the governor of Alabama. December 1, 1900 by Alabama. History Commission; Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920
For other sources consult Anne S. Lipscomb and Kathleen S. Hutchison, Tracing Your Mississippi Ancestors (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1994), 45-46.
Sources
- ↑ Albert James Pickett: HISTORY OF ALABAMA.
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 390
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 390
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 390
- ↑ Colonel Claiborne's Regiment of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 391
- ↑ Carson's Battalion of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 390
- ↑ 1st Regiment Of Mississippi Volunteers
- ↑ Fort Mims Battle and Massacre
- ↑ http://msgw.org/desoto/military/hist1812-36.html
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 392
- ↑ http://www.georgemullins.com/chapter07.htm#2
- ↑ Nixon's Regiment of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 390
- ↑ The Creek War of 1813 and 1814, H.S. Halbert and T.H. Ball,1895, 1969, 1995 University Alabama Press.
- ↑ http://www.alabamatrailswar1812.com/forts.htm
- ↑ The Life of Apushitamaha by Dr. Gideon Lincecum, Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society by Riley, Franklin L. (Franklin Lafayette), 1868-1929; Mississippi Historical Society Published 1898
- ↑ Major Samuel Dale's Battalion of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ Major Shoot’s Battalion of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 392
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 392
- ↑ The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi page 393
- ↑ Lt Drury M. Allen's Company of Mounted Gunmen
- ↑ Captain Boyle's Company of Mounted Spies
- ↑ Captain Bradberry's Company of Mounted Spies
- ↑ Captain Calvitt's Company of Mounted Infantry
- ↑ http://www.accessgenealogy.com/military/captain-cassitys-company-of-mounted-spies.htm
- ↑ Captain Foster's Company of Mounted Infantry
- ↑ Captain Wilkin's Rifle Company
- ↑ Captain John A. Allen's Company of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ 1st Regiment Mississippi Militia, Amite County
- ↑ Thirteenth Regiment, Marion County
- ↑ *Captain Henry Quinn's company of infantry, 13th Regiment, Mississippi Territorial Militia. They were drafted in mid-December, 1814, and marched to Fordsville in Marion County. At Fordsville they were mustered into the militia on January 6. They remained there until their discharge a month later. For one month of service they each received $8.00.
- ↑ Fourteenth Regiment
- ↑ Fifteenth Regiment
- ↑ Sixteenth Regiment
- ↑ Colonel Claiborne’s Regiment Of Mississippi Militia
- ↑ Sixth Regiment, Washington (Ala.)
- ↑ Eighteenth Regiment, Hancock.
- ↑ http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/history/hancockcounty.htm
- ↑ http://www.georgemullins.com/chapter07.htm#2
- ↑ Enclyopedia of Mississippi History, Vol. II L-Z, Southern Historical Publishing Association, Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions ad Persons; Planned and edited by Dunbar Rowland, LL. D., Director Mississippi Department of Archives and History; Member American Historical Association, 1907.
- ↑ http://natchezbelle.org/sw/1812.htm
- ↑ http://www.alabamatrailswar1812.com/References%201812.htm
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This was done as part of the War of 1812 Project
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