Wolphert (Gerritsz) van Couwenhoven (bef. 1579 - abt. 1661)

Born before 1 May 1579 in Amersfoort, Utrecht, Nederland

Ancestors

Husband of Aeltgen Jansdr — married 17 Jan 1605 in Amersfoort, Utrecht, Nederland

Husband of Neeltgen Jacobsdochter — married about 1609 in Amersfoort, Utrecht, Nederland [uncertain]

Descendants

Died about 2 Mar 1661 after about age 81 in New Amsterdam, New Netherland

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Wolphert (Gerritsz) van Couwenhoven was a New Netherland settler. Join: New Netherland Settlers Project Discuss: new_netherland

Biography

Wolphert (Gerritsz) van Couwenhoven is Notable.

Wolphert (Wolfer, Wolfert, Wulphert) Gerritsz (Van Kouwenhoven or Couwenhoven) was born circa 1583/4 at Netherlands, because he stated on October 8, 1638 that he was 54 years old. He was a son of Gerrit Jansz (van Couwenhoven) and Styne Roberts

Research found no evidence for further ties of Willems brother Wolfert with Hoogland . It is possible that he was born on Kouwenhoven , but according the records , he lived since at least 1611 in Amersfoort.

Wolfer Gerritsz and Aeltgen Jansdr , Marriage 17 January 1605 Amersfoort

Wolfert first married Aeltgen Jansdr on 17 January 1605 in Amersfoort, Aeltgen probably died within a few years after the marriage, because Wolfert later is mentioned as husband of Neeltgen Jacobs, daughter of Jacob Petersz and Metje Jacobs, both whom were already deceased before 1611 . Their three children must therefore have been born around 1610/5 .

On December 15, 1611 The first reference to Wolfer Gerritse when Wulphert Gerrits signed an agreement with his stylized A. According to the terms of that document, he agreed to assume the property and debts of the deceased parents of his wive Neeltgen Jacobsdr from the other heirs for 100 guilders. Her brother Herman Jacobsz also signed this document as well as her brother-in-law Willem Dircx who was married to Aeltgen Jacobs Petergen Petersdr, the underage daughter of her brother Peter Jacobsz, had already received 50 guilders. ^[1]

On March 22, 1612 Wulphert Gerritsz and his wife Neeltgen Jacobsdr sold a bleachcamp outside the Coppelpoort of Amersfoort to Hendrick Janss and his wife Hasgenb Thonis fo 1,200 Carolus guilders, the occupation of Wolfert is not disclosed in this document. ^[2]

In the settlement of the estate of Wolfert's wife in Amersfoort, it was declared before the court that his profession at the time was baker on August 8, 1612 at Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands.

11-03-1615; Zekere bleek en huis daarop staande gelegen buiten de Koppelpoort. Object: (Bleach and house) Zekere bleek en huis daarop staande gelegen buiten de Koppelpoort. Selling party/Verkopende partij: Anna Goorts dgr., nagelaten weduwe en boedelhoudster van zal: Franck Franckensz, molenaar, geassisteerd met Goort Franckens zijn gecoren momber en dezelve Goort en Claes Frankensz mede voor hun zelven en zich sterckmakenden voor hun resp vrouwen; mitsgaders voor Evert Elisz en Elbertgen Franken zijn huijsfrouw, haar zwager en zuster, als ook voor 't onmondige kind van zal: Grijtgen Francken hare overleden zuster. Buyers/Kopende partij: Wulphert Gerritsz, bakker en Neeltgen Jacobs zijn huijsfrouw. Aktedatum: 11-03-1615 Belendingen 1: Aan de eene zijde de ontvanger zelf. Belendingen 2: Aan de andere zijde de erfgenamen van Antonia van Wee. Remarks/ Opmerkingen: Op laste van zeven Braspenningen jaarlijks wezende een erfpachtrente, competerende de erfgenamen van Jacob Jansz in de Wael; nog op 125 gulden hoofdsom, waarvan jaarlijks betaald wordt 7 gulden en 10 stuiver, die mr. Jacob Borchaerts, als man ende voogd van zijn huijsfrouw, daarop ende uijt heeft. ^[3]

On April 14, 1615 Wolphert took part in a curious agreement with Herman Zieboltz of Amsterdam, before Johan van Ingen an officer of the court of Utrecht.^[4] According to a "donatiaq iner vivos" (gift to a living person) Ziebolz gave Wolphert two morgans of turf ground near Cologne in recognition of services rendered ) but not payment for them). No monetary amount is mentioned for the services or the turf ground. In a second document of the same date issued by the same officer of the court of Utrecht, Ayeboliz made a debt owed by mim by Henrick Adrianesz and Adriaen Adriansz over to Wulpher Gerrits baker and Cornelis Wynantsz inkeeper. This second document authorized Wulpher Gerritss and Cornelis Wynantsz to assume ownership of the two morgens of turfground mentioned in the first document. These documents create the impression that Zieboltz was unable to pay Wolfert money that he owed him, that the Amsterdammer made over a debt on which he had not been able to collect, and that Wolfert may have agreed to these vague terms because he would otherwise not be able to retrieve anything from his business dealings with the Zieboltz.

In 1616 Wolfert was backer at the Langegracht bij de Lieve-Vrouwestraat, but in 1618 he bought a house with a bleach field just outside the Koppelpoort, situated at the corner of the Eem and the city canal (now the Kleine Koppel situated at the height of the railroad). After this Wolfert was mentioned as bleacher.

On May 16, 1616 Wulpher Gerritss baker appeared as a witness before Johan van Ingen officer of the court of Utrecht, in a case in which Willem Gerritz miller testified that Griet Maes was evading the city grain tax. The document does not specify that Wulpher and Willem were brothers, and if such were the case, it is likely that this would have been discussed in the document.

On October 28, 1616 Hendrick Janss and Haesgen Thonis made the last payment on the bleach camp which they had purchased from Wolfert Gerretse and Neeltge Jacbsdr, and the property was made over to them. ^[5]

Wolphert Gerretse Van Kouwenhoven from Aert van Schayck and his wife Anna Barents a house on the Langegraft in Amersfoort which lay between the house of the aforesaid Aert on the one side and that fo Henrickgen Barents widow of Aelbert Conrneiss on the other side, while the breadt of the house lay on the Lievevrouwestraet (Dear Lady Street). Wolphert was listed as a baker.

On January 30, 1617 at Langegraft, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. On between February, 1617 and July, 1617 Within a short time, Wolpher placed three mortgages on this house. Perhaps the transactions with Zieboltz were unprofiatble, and this was one of the causes fo his need for money.

On Feb 15, 1617, Wulpher Gerritss baker and his wife Neeltgen Jacobsdr borrowed 100 guidlers from the Armen te Amersfoort on which he agreed to pay 6 guilders per year.

On May 16, 1617, Wulpher Gerritss baker and his wife Neeltgen borrowed 200 guilders from Cornelis Baecx van der Tommen at a yearly interest of 12 guilders.

On Jul 25, 1617, Wulphur Gerritss baker and his wife Neelttgen Jacobsdr borrowed 250 guilders from Anna Goerts widow of Franck Frandkss at 15 guilders interest per year.

On January 3, 1618 Wulphert Gerritsz and his wife Neeltgen Jacobs purchased a bleachcamp outside the Coppelpoort of Amersfoort with Hubert Lambertsz Moll and his wife Geertgen Cornelisdochter as their partners. They borrowed 500 Carolus Guilders from Ghijsbert Cornelisz van Cuijlenburch, a citizen of the city of Utrecht, at an annual interest of 25 guilders and 20 stivers. In addition, Hubert Lamberts and his wife Geertje Cornelisdochter contracted a special mortgage ofr 400 Carolus guilders with the consent of Wulffert Gerritsz and his wife. On the north side of the property lay the River Eem, on the east the city moat and on the south and west the heirs of Gerrit van Speulde. This propety came with two other mortgages: 200 guilders to the Poth and 600 guilders to Jo. Catharina van Morendael not yet conveyed to her. In a codicil, Wulpher Gerritsz baker and his wife Neeltgen Jacobs become party to the mortgage of Hubert Lambertsz Moll and his wife Geertge Cornelis for 400 guilders with interest on Ghijsbert Cornelisz van Culenborch with restriction that Wulpher would pay 150 guilders in the year 1618 and thereafter be free of oblicgation.
In the margin is a notation that Dirck van Cullenburch as heir of his father Gysbert van Culenburch acknowledged that the obligation on the mortgage was fully paid on Mar 5, 1628. ^{[6] [7]} No equipment of the bleach camp listed in the purchase document for Wolphert are given. So no indication of what type of bleachery Wolphert purchased. The bleach camp he sold in 1612 included a bleach table meaning it may have been a cloth bleach camp.^[8]

1618, September 17: Wulphert Gerritss baker and his wife Neeltge Jacobs contracted a mortgage with Coenraet Fransz, former mayor of the city of Amersfoort, for 100 guilders at an annual interest of 6 guilders, with the house of Wulphert on the Langegracht as security, which house lay between the house of Aert van Schayck and that of Hendrickgen Speldemaeckster.

1622, November 5: Wolphert was appointed guardian over the five under aged children of Willem Gerritsz Couwenhoven.
Wulffer Geridtz, bleacher residing by the Coppelpoort and Harman Willemsz citizen of Amersfoort as "bloetvoochden" (blood guardians) of the five sons of Willem Gerridsz Couwenhoven, namely Gerridt; Willem; Jan; Harmen; and Willem the Younger, none of whom had yet reached the age of majority, made an agreement with the mother of the children Neeltgen Willemsdr the widow of Willem Gerridtsz assisted by the owner of Cowenhoven the honorable Johan de Wijs. ^[9]This document indicates that Wolfert Gerritse had a brother Willem and that he was the tenant of the farm Couwenhoven which was owned by Johan de Wijs.^[10]

1623, March 24: Beermt van Munster made a deposition under oath before the lieutenant, the schout, and the schepenen Dam and Bronchorst at the request of the (police) officer. He stated that the previous Saturday afternoon he had caught a bucket of fish by the Coppelpoort bridge and had given half of it to Wulphert the bleacher according to an agreement which they had made, and that Beernt had caught a small number of fish threafter. Wulpher and Harmen Teut then took these fish from Beernt, and they would not divide them with him. Wulpher took the net and tried to give it to his wife. Harman hit Beernt in the eye with a weight in the net, but by then, it was ripped. Beernt then went to the defense of his wife, and Wulpher drew his knife and threatened him without harming him. Dirck Gerritsz, stevedore, using well-chosen words, separated the people from each other. On April 1 1623, Dirch Gerrisz was heard at the request of the officer and made a similar deposition under oath.

1623, June 11: Hubert Moll and his wife Geertgen Cornelis sold a bleach camp to Wulpher Gerritsz bleacher and his wife, in which they had been residing. This was situated in Amersfoort outside the Coppelpoort. The property description differs slightly from that given for the land transaction of 1618, but the mortgages are the same. It is likely that this is the same ground that Wulpher Gerritsz and Hubert Moll purchased then. ^[11] On the date of purchase in 1623, Wulpher Gerritss sold this property to Monsieur Jacques Chiese Cuirass(ier) of the company of his Princely Excellency (Maurits?) and the purchser assumed the mortgages. ^[12]

Wolfert is not mentioned in the adaptation of the prenuptial agreement of his sister in law Neeltje in November 1624 ; Therefore we may assume that he had already left with his family. As reported they in April of the next year went to the New Netherland. We now know that Jan de Wijs Jr. was married to a van Rensselaer and that Jan de Wijs Sr. in 1622 met Wolfert . Therefore, it is possible that through the family de Wijs contact was made with Kiliaen van Rensselaer , a contact that might have led to the first crossing to New Netherlands. This is even more likely when we consider that Kiliaen was married to Hillegond van Bijler , from a family Dirk and Jan de Wijs Sr. already had contacts with. Jan de Wijs Jr. was also born in Nijkerk, with which Kiliaan contacts retained because his father was born there as well. Also Brand Peelen , another settler who went in 1630 to Rensselaerswijk came from Nijkerk.

1625, April 25: Wolphert Gerritse (Van Couwenhoven) and Neeltgen Jacobsdochter emmigrated to New Netherlands, with their children, on a ship of the Dutch West India Company which sailed in the expedition that comprised of the ships Macreel (Mackerel), Paert (Horse), Koe (Cow) and Schaep (Sheep). These ships carried a cargo of cattle, five farm managers, military engineer Cryne Fredericksz (Architect of Fort Amsterdam) and the new WIC Clerk--Provisional Director, Willem Verhulst who would replace Captain Cornelis Jacobsen May^[13]. Wolfert Gerrittse was one of the farm managers^[14].
Until his return to Holland in 1629, Wolphert farmed WIC Bouwerie (farm) No. 3 in New Amsterdam.

1629: Wolfert sailed to the Netherlands. While in Holland, Wolphert signed a six-year lease with the Dutch West India Company for Bouwerie No. 6 (about 91 acres). He also contracted with Kiliaen Van Rensselar, patroon of Rensselarwick (comprised of many thousands of acres along the Hudson including most of present day Albany) as a factor or director and to be in charge of Bouwerie No. 7 in New Amsterdam, All this bore tribute to Wolphert's reputation for competence and dependability^[15]. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, who was an absent Patroon.

1630, May 24: Wolfert arrived from the Netherlands on board "De Eendracht" (the Unity). Upon his return Wolphert was opper-bouwmeester, or farm overseer for Van Rensselaer, and for about two years served under contract with Kiliaen Van Rensselar. It would appear that Wolfert| Wolphert was a a highly trusted and important employee.
His contract to Van Rensselaer was to be for four years and he was to work from April to November managing the farms and was forbidden to engage in fur trading. One of his duties was to build a house for Van Rensselaer in the northern colony at Fort Orange. From letters of Van Rensselaer, it is learned that he became dissatisfied with this work since his wife and children would not move from New Amsterdam to Rensselaerwyck; he was more likely anxious to become a landowner^[16].

1632, January 9: Wolfert Grttitse wrote to Van Rensselaer asking to be released from his contract and Van Rensselaerwyck agreed to the release. He had acquired the lease of Bowerie No. 6 in New Amsterdam and by 1636 when the lease had expired, he became full owner.

1632, July 20: Kiliaen van Rensselaer to Wolfert Gerritse^[17]. Laus Deo, this day, 20 July 1632, in Amsterdam.
Honorable, discreet Woifert Gerritsz :
Your letter of the 9th of January last I duly received, from which I learned the condition of my farms, as also that I should send some farm hands, to which end I have engaged Gerrit theeussz dc reus, who goes thither with some servants. I did not send more, as I thought that for the present this would be enough. I had hoped that you would have settled in my colony but, as I am told, your wife was not much inclined thereto, which I imagine to be the reason that you seek to be released, and as I should be sorry to keep anybody in my service against his will and to his discomfort, I have ordered by nephew Wouter van Twiller, who now goes thither as director general, to settle your past accounts in all fairness and at the same time to negotiate with you about the animals that remain in your possession...^[18][19]

1632: Wolphert Gerretse Van Couwenhoven removed to Long Island on land acquired from the Indians, known as "Keskateuw". Here was established the first known white settlement on Long Island. Wolphert called his "plantation" Achterveldt, it is shown as plantation 36 near the Indian long house to the Kestachau tribe. On Vinkeboon's 1639 map of the area around and including New Amsterdam Wolphert's house surrounded by palisades, was the focal point of the village of New Amersfoort, later called Flatlands.^[20], as farm No. 36 near the Indian long house to the Kestachau tribe. Wolphert's house surrounded by palisades, was the focal pont of the village that became New Amersfoort, was later called Flatlands (in Kings County, New York Colony).

On June 16, 1636, Patent of Andries Hudde and Wolphert Gerritsen (van Couwenhoven) for a tract of land on Long Island; westernmost of the flatts on Long Island, between the bay of the North river and the East river; ratified 22 August, 1658.^[21]

On June 30, 1636. On April 18, 1657 He got "Smal Civil Rights."

1647, July 3: Wolfert Gerretse (Van Couwenhoven) sold 52 morgens of land on the N. end of the plains in Flatlands, as per p. 363 of Vol. 2 of O'Callaghan's Man. Trans. of Col. Manhatan.

1661, October 20: Wolfert Gerritsen Van Couwenhoven was named in a suit filed by Frans Jansen regarding a dispute over a contract in which Jansen was to buy land from Wofert. This was the first time the name Van Couwenhoven was mentioned in reference to Wolfert.

His wife Neeltje Jacobs died after 1660 and Wolphert Gerretse Van Kouwenhoven died between March 2, 1662 and June 24, 1662 at New Amersfoort, Kings County, New York.

Name

Wolfer Gerritsz and Aeltgen Jansdogter (Jansdr)^[22]

Wulphert Gerritsz ende Neeltgen Jacobs echteluijden'verklaren schuldig te zijn...see txt notarial deed Huybert Lambertsz Moll

Wolphert (Wolfer, Wolfert or Wulphert) Gerritsz (Gerritse, Garrets, Gerretson, Van Kouwenhoven or Van Couwenhoven)

Wolfert Garretse Van Couwenhoven

The form Kouwenhoven is retained by that branch of the family which remained on Long Island, while most of the descendants who settled in New Jersey have taken the form Conover.

Birth

before May 1, 1579; when baptisms began in Amersfoort, Netherlands. ^{[23] [24][25]}

circa 1584 or circa 1588 at Netherlands.

Christening

1 May 1579 Amerstoort, Utrecht, Holland

Marriages

1. Trouwinschrijving 17-01-1605 Amersfoort: Wolfer Gerritssen en Aeltgen Jansdr,
   Bruidegom: Wolfer Gerritssen Bruid: Aeltgen Jansdr
   Remarks/Opmerkingen: Bruid en Bruidegom van Amersfoort
   Huwelijksdatum: 17-01-1605 Datum ondertrouw: 09-01-1605 Aktedatum: 17-01-1605 Huwelijksplaats: Amersfoort Akteplaats: Amersfoort
   Gezindte: Nederduits-gereformeerd (later Nederlands-hervormd)^[26]
2. Neeltgen Jacobs 17 JAN 1605 Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. ^[27]. ^[28]

Children

Following are known children of Wolphert van Couwenhoven, all born in Amersfoort, Utrecht Province, Netherlands:

1. Gerret Wolfertse Van Couwenhoven ( Garret Wolfertsen Van Couwenhoven), b. Bef 1610, Amersfoort, Utrecht Province, Netherlands, d. 1648, Flatlands, (Brooklyn), Kings Co., LI, NY (Age > 38 years)
2. Jacob Wolphertse Van Couwenhoven (Jacob Wolphertse Van Kouwenhoven ), b. 1612, Amersfoort, Utrecht Providence, Netherlands, d. 21 Apr 1670, New Amerstoort (Flatbush), Kings Co., NY (Age 58 years)
3. Derick Van Couwenhoven, b. 1613, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Holland, Netherlands, d. UNKNOWN
4. Pieter Wolphertse Van Couwenhoven ( Pieter Wolphertse Van Couwenhoven), b. Abt 1614, Amersfoort, Utrecht Province, Holland, Netherlands , d. Aft 1699, New Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Kings County, New York (Age ~ 86 years)
5. Jan (John) Van Couwenhoven, b. 1616, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Holland, Netherlands, d. UNKNOWN

Immigration

"Jacob van Couwenhoven went to the country with his father [Wolfert Gerrittse] in boyhood, was taken by Wouter Van Twiller into the service of the Company as an assistant, and afterwards became a tobacco planter. The Company has aided him with necessaries as it is to be seen by the books but they have been paid for"^[29].

On April 25, 1625, Wolphert Gerritse (Van Couwenhoven) and wife Neeltgen Jacobsdochter emmigrated to New Netherlands, with their children, on a ship of the Dutch West India Company which sailed in the expedition that comprised of the ships Macreel (Mackerel), Paert (Horse), Koe (Cow) and Schaep (Sheep). These ships carried a cargo of cattle, five farm managers, military engineer Cryne Fredericksz (Architect of Fort Amsterdam) and the new WIC Clerk--Provisional Director, Willem Verhulst who would replace Captain Cornelis Jacobsen May^[30]. Wolfert Gerrittse was one of the farm managers^[31].

Bet. 1630–1631. New York, New York. ^[32]

Type: Arrival Date: 1630-1631 Place: New York, New York^[33]

Death

Aft 1610. New Amsterdam, Bet 02 Mar and 24 Jun 1662. New Amersfoort, Flatlands Brooklyn, Kings Co, New York. ^[34]

1630 New York, New York. ^[35]

1662 at Long Island City, Queens, New York. ^[36]

(after) 02 MAR 1662 at New Ameersfoort, Kings Co, Long Island, New York

24 JUN 1662 at New Amersfoort, Kings County, New York. ^[37]

24 JUN 1662 at Long Island City, Queens, New York, USA. ^[38]

Burial

Wolphert Gerritse (Van Couwenhoven) was buried ca. 1662 at Long Island, New York, British America.

Research Notes

Needs paraphrasing

Wolfert Gerritse in the Netherlands

In the October 2004 The New York Genealogical & Biographical Society, Review, published and article titled Wolfert Gerritse in the Netherlands: Further Thoughts About the Van Couwenhoven Family This article follows.

Further Thoughts About the Van Couwenhoven Family by Willem van Kouwenhoven

The purpose of this article. Several years ago, I made a study using documents about Wolfert Gerritse van Couwenhoven which Marcel Kemp had sought out at my request in the archives of the district Amersfoort in the Netherlands.[1] The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society was kind enough to publish this in THE RECORD as "Wolfert Gerritse in the Netherlands." (2] During the intervening time, I have developed several points of criticism about the article which pertain to the views which were expressed there about Wolfert's first wife Aeltge Jansdochter, the birth order of Wolfert and his brother Willem, the date on which the tenancy of Willem's son Jan on the farm Kouwenhoven was terminated, and the projected picture of Wolfert's childhood.

Wolfert Gerritse in recent literature. Additional information has been published in the meantime by Marcel Kemp and Gerard Raven as "Boerderij Kouwenhoven en de familie Van Kouwenhoven 1400-1650" in De Bewaarsman,[3] the publication of the Historische kring Hoogland, the Historical Society' of Hoogland. (The farm Kouwenhoven is located in the neighborhood Coelhorst within the former district Hoogland, which is now a part of the district Amersfoort.) Gerard Raven was co-editor of De Bewaarsman when the article was published. In addition to information about the early history of the farm that appeared in Kemp's article "De herkomst van Wolfert Gerritsz, stamvader van de Amerikaanse familie Van Kouwenhoven" in the 1996 Jaarboek van bet Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie[4] and in the above-mentioned article in THE RECORD, the article in De Bewaarsman contains information about a tenant on the farm in 1536, insights into the lives of the tenants in the period 1620-1650, and a report of the construction of a brick manor house on the farm during the eighteenth century by a new land owner, as well as the history of the farm to the present day. Only the material that pertains to the critique of the article in THE RECORD will be dealt with in this discussion.

Information about Kouwenhoven, its neighborhood Coelhorst, and the local Chapel Coelhorst were included in the booklet "Hoogland-West," the issue of De Bewaarsman for April 2001. The material about the chapel will be recounted in the portion of this critique that deals with Wolfert's childhood.

Aeltge Jansdochter, Wolfert's first wife. As first point of critique, the view of Aeltge Jansdochter which was set forth in the article in THE RECORD[5] should be revised - that it was uncertain that the Wolfert Gerritse who married Aeltge Jansdochter on 17 January 1605[6] was the same person as the Wolfert Gerritse who is found in numerous documents in the archives of Amersfoort in the period 1611-1623. M. Kemp expressed this opinion initially in the report of his impressively thorough search for documents regarding Wolfert Gerritse which was first given to this writer, and this opinion was used in the article for THE RECORD. By the time it was published, Kemp had expressed the same view in his article "De herkomst van Wolfert Gerritsz, ..."[7] Because other documents were not found which linked Aeltge Jansdochter to the baker/bleacher Wolfert Gerritse, Kemp hesitated to draw the conclusion that Aeltge was Wolfert's first wife.

This seems overly cautious. Only one Wolfert Gerritse has been found in the numerous other documents from more or less the same period that have been preserved in the records of the district Amersfoort. Although many documents from this period in the district have been lost for various reasons, those that have survived give no reason to surmise that there was at that time a second Wolfert Gerritse in the district to whom the entry in the marriage register might refer. It would then be better to reason that the Wolfert Gerritse of the marriage record is the same person who is found in all of the other documents. It then follows that Aeltge Jansdochter was Wolfert's first wife, that she died shortly after their marriage without bearing any children who survived, and that Neeltje Jacobsdochter, who is shown as his wife in the documents from the Amersfoort archives, was his second wife and the mother of his known children.

Willem Gerritse, Wolfert's younger brother. Secondly, there is a problem in the article with the estimated birth year that was given for Wolfert's brother Willem. While Kemp made no statements about Willem's birth year in his article in the Jaarboek, he and Raven estimated in the article in De Bewaarsman that Willem was born in the period 1580-1585.[8] Since Willem remained on the farm Couwenhoven as its tenant, it was assumed in the article for THE RECORD that he was older than Wolfert, who was born in 1584.1] Yet, none of Willem's five children had attained their majority when their father died in 1622. Thus, none of them were capable of succeeding him as tenant. The family was enabled to stay on the farm because Willem's widow Neeltge Willemsdochter married Peter Coenraetsz., apparently with the approval if not the instigation of the owner of the farm, Johan de Wijs of Amersfoort.[1]

If one of Willem's five sons was but a few months removed from attaining his majority, it would seem that it could have been arranged in one way or another that he become the tenant of the farm, if he was in other respects a suitable candidate for this work. That this did not occur suggests that the oldest son was several years removed from his majority, and this is the tenor of the agreement which the "blood guardians" Wolfert Gerritse and Harmen Willemsz. of Amersfoort (respectively the brother of Willem and the brother of Willem's widow) made with the mother of Willem's children on 5 November 1622.P 1] She was to care for the children and let them attend school and learn to read and write. Such stipulations suggest that some of the children were too young to have learned basic literacy skills at the time of their father's death.

Since Willem's children were not so old when he died in 1622, it would seem that the birth year 1580 that was assigned to him lies too far in the past and that it is likely that he was born several years later. If Willem's children are listed in birth order in the agreement between the "blood guardians" and the widow, Jan would be his third son. He became the tenant on Couwenhoven on 5 July 1636,02] and he married Nellitgen Henricxdr. five days later.[13] Assuming that both father and son married shortly after their twenty-first birthday and that there were three years between each child, results in an estimated birth date of circa 1587 for Willem rather than circa 1580, which was assigned in THE RECORD article.[14] Willem would have been legally eligible to enter into contracts as a tenant only when he reached his majority, which would seem to have been about 1608.

It should be emphasized that this is but an estimate that is based on reasonable assumptions about birth order and birth intervals that have been made in regard to two men. It should be expected that new documents about Willem and Jan could well require further slight corrections regarding their birth and marriage dates. Yet, Kemp's search in the Archives of Amersfoort was so thorough that it is unlikely that further documents about these persons will be found there. Perhaps a reference to them will by chance be discovered in one or more documents from other districts while other matters are being studied.

As the younger son who left home, learned a trade (perhaps with some parental support) and became a businessman. The thought that is being presented here is that although Willem was the younger son, he stayed on the farm, working it and perhaps initially serving as a caretaker for his parent(s) while the older brother Wolfert had years earlier left the homestead, even though it was customary in Hoogland that the oldest son succeed his father as tenant. Wolfert sought to survive in the business world of Amersfoort, where he already resided as a married man when he was twenty-one years old according to the entry in the marriage register of the Reformed Church of Amersfoort, which was located in the St. Joriskerk[15] (St. George's Church). This is a plausible explanation, yet it requires further refinement.

Jan Willemse's tenancy on Kouwenhoven ends. The other tenants on Kouwenhoven about which there is information were not able to labor there many years. Peter Coenraetsz. became tenant in 1622, and by 1638 he had died and was succeeded by Jan Willemsz van Kouwenhoven. While Kemp and Raven argue that Jan was deceased as early as 1646, it is certain that he was no longer living in 1656 when the estate of his mother Neeltge Willemsdr. was inventoried.[16

Kemp and Raven are of the opinion that Jan had died by 1646 since a police report from that year was made by Jan Bartz. who lived on Kouwenhoven.[17] Apparently the thought is that the farm Kouwenhoven was so small that the tenant farmer (pachter) could not have employed a resident worker (knecht), but only day laborers (dagloners) as they were needed. Thus, it could be reasonably concluded that a person who listed his residence as Kouwenhoven must have been the tenant farmer of that date.[18] It is noted that it is a problem that Jan Willemsz. and his wife Nelletge Hendrixdr. would then have had to have had eight children in ten years. Kemp and Raven conclude that Nelletge was forced to depart from Kouwenhoven following Jan's death because none of the children was old enough to become the succeeding tenant.

It would be more reasonable to consider that it would be bad for the health of the wife and the children which she bore if they came into the world made for a healthier farm. Although the `pill' was not yet then known, local populations generally had their own effective means of planning parenthood, even in the seventeenth century. It would then seem better to conclude that by 1646, Jan Willemsz. and his wife Nelletge Hendrixdr. had relocated, that five of their children or so had been born on Kouwenhoven and that the rest were born in their new location before Jan died somewhat more than fifteen years after he had become the tenant farmer on Kouwenhoven. [19]

As a third point then, there is no need to change the view which was expressed in THE RECORD article of 1998 regarding Jan's death date, but it would appear that the family's tenancy on Kouwenhoven likely had already ended by 1646, ten years earlier than was presented in that article.

Wolfert's childhood. What were the circumstances of Wolfert's childhood? Farm work was much harder and heavier than it is now, and it was often necessary to labor in a strong wind in cold, wet weather, which caused severe illnesses. Although it now seems strange, the life of a farmer was similar then to that of a contemporary professional athlete. The training or work began for both early in life, and by the time each was thirty years old, he was already past his peak. While it is now unusual to find an athlete older than forty-five on a team roster, it was then unusual to find a farmer older than forty-five years old on a landlord's list of tenants - not because the older tenant was enjoying retirement in his luxurious villa, but because he had died of exhaustion and illness. Although it would seem that the average lifespan of a tenant farmer in this region did not differ greatly during this period from that of the general population and that it thus was about forty-five years, Jan Willemsz. was younger when he died, and it would seem that this was also true of his father. It would seem that some tenants died several years before they reached forty-five while a similar number lived a few years beyond that benchmark.

It would seem unlikely that Gerrit the father of Wolfert and Willem would have been able to work as a tenant farmer for many more years than the documented tenants of Kouwenhoven Peter Coenraetsz. and Jan Willemsz.[20] It would thus have been unlikely that he would have been able to work as a tenant much more than fifteen years. If Willem became the tenant about 1608, it would then seem that his predecessor may have begun his tenancy about 1593. This is three years later than the estimate given in the above cited article in THE RECORD.

According to the above calculations, Wolfert would then have been nine years old, and Willem six. At first sight, this would seem to suggest that there is something wrong with the assumptions behind these figures, since this would mean that the children apparently were not born on Kouwenhoven, but it is more profitable to reason that insight is thus given into the complex and fragile world into which the boys were born.

There is no document in which Wolfert is listed as a resident of Kouwenhoven or as its tenant farmer, nor for the reasons enumerated above, does it seem likely that such evidence of his presence on the farm will be discovered. Yet, he used the name Van Couwenhoven,[21] and he worked as a farmer and as a farm supervisor. Why the choice for this name? Where did he learn farm work? If he lived and worked on the farm Kouwenhoven as a child, both questions would be answered. Thus, because no better explanation has yet been found, it is reasonable to assume that this farm was his home and work place for a time during his early years.

In the earlier article in THE RECORD it was mentioned that a director of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) in the early seventeenth century bore the family name Couwenhoven,[22] and it was suggested that although this man was not a blood relative, his high position may have afforded Wolfert a further reason to use the name Van Couwenhoven in New Amsterdam rather than another reasonable choice of name such as Van Amersfoort or Van Coelhorst. In regard to this, Gerard Raven has commented[23] that the directors of the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam would not necessarily know that a Couwenhoven was a director of the Dutch East India Company in Rotterdam. It is thus uncertain that it would have been professionally advantageous for Wolfert to use this name. This implies that he used it for personal reasons, that is to say, because he had lived and worked there during a significant portion of his youth.

Sources

1. ↑ Notarial deed: Datering: 15 December, 1611 Notaris: J. van Ingen
   Man en voogd: Willem Dircxzn., Wulphert Gerritszn.
   Soort akte: Boedelscheiding Akteplaats: Amersfoort
   Samenvatting: Boedelscheiding Bijzonderheden: Jacob Peterszn. en Metgen Jacobsdr. waren overleden en hun nalatenschap was tot deze tijd nog onverdeeld gebleven tussen hun kinderen. De comparanten: - Harman Jacobszn. - Willem Dircxzn., als man en voogd van Aeltgen Jacobs - Wulphert Gerritszn., als man en voogd van Neeltgen Jacobs zijn overeengekomen en gescheiden als volgt: Wulphert Gerritszn. zal aan Harman Jacobszn. en Willem Dircxzn. de som van 100 carolus gulden betalen, te weten elk 50 gulden, op Pasen 1612, waarmede zij van deze nalatenschap en goederen van hun ouders zullen afzien. Hierbij blijft de gehele boedel, renten, actien en credieten, geld, goud, zilver, roerende goederen, niets uitgezonderd ten behoeve van W. Gerritszn., mits dat deze ook alle schulden en lasten van de boedel alleen zal dragen en H. Jacobszn. en W. Dircxzn. daarvan vrijen. Wel te verstaan dat Petertgen, de onmondige dochter van Peter Jacobszn. gehouden zal zijn in te brengen 50 gulden, die Peter Jacobszn. uit de boedel heeft genoten, wanneer zij wil meedelen, en indien zal blijken dat de boedel alsdan boven alle schulden meer waard zal zijn, dan zal Petertgen daarvan haar portie, zijnde een vierde deel, genieten en verder blijft de uitkoop van W. Gerritszn. van kracht. Waarmede de partijen gescheiden zijn en blijven zullen, ten eeuwigen dage.
   Objecten: De boedel bestaat uit: renten, actien en credieten, geld, goud, zilver, roerende goederen en schulden en lasten.
   Soort object: De boedel bestaat uit: renten, actien en credieten, geld, goud, zilver, roerende goederen en schulden en lasten. Plaats: Amersfoort
   Erfgenaam:
   Harman Jacobzn., Aeltgen Jacobs Gehuwd met Willem Dircxzn.
   Neeltgen Jacobs Gehuwd met Wulphert Gerritszn.
   • Source: Archieven.nl Organisatie: Archief Eemland Plaatsingscode: AT 002b002 Notarial deed Date: 15 December, 1611 Aktenummer: 282
2. ↑ Datering: 22-03-1612 Notaris: Johan van Ingen
   Soort akte: Verkoop Akteplaats: Amersfoort Samenvatting: Verkoop huis c.a. buiten de Koppelpoort Bijzonderheden: Wulpher Gerritszn. en Neeltgen Jacobs, echtelieden, hebben dit verkocht aan Henrick Janszn. en Haesgen Thonis, echtelieden, voor de som van 1.200 carolus gulden. Plus de roerende goederen voor de totale som van 800 gulden. Tezamen (roerende en onroerende goederen) voor 2.000 gulden. Uitgezonderd dat verkopers zullen behouden hun kisten, kassen, stoelen en een bank, een tafel, vleijscuijp en zijn timmergereedschap. Te betalen 400 gulden op de Amersfoortse ossenmarkt (= 11 oktober of de zaterdag ervoor) aanstaande, 400 gulden mei 1613, en ieder jaar daarna in mei 400 gulden. Na de laatste betaling zal transport worden gedaan. Aanvaarding mei 1612. De 40e penning is half om half. De kopers zullen de honden behouden. Het verkochte goed zal gevrijwaard worden van alle lasten, uitgezonderd 's Heeren ongelden (= grondbelasting). Tot borg voor de kopers stellen zich: Jan Henricxzn. en Thonis Janzn.
   Op 31-10-1612 verklaart de verkoper 450 gulden ontvangen te hebben, 400 voor de eerste termijn en 50 gulden als voorschot op de termijn van mei 1613. Op 11-06-1613 heeft hij 350 gulden ontvangen en op 20-06-1614, 400 gulden.
   Borg: Jan Henricxzn., Thonis Janzn. Objecten: Huis, hof, hofstede, bleek met twee aangekochte hofjes. Plaats: Amersfoort
   Koper: Henrick Janszn. + Haesgen Thonis Verkoper: Wulpher Gerritszn. + Neeltgen Jacobs
   • Source: Archieven.nl Organisatie: Archief Eemland Plaatsingscode:
   AT 002b002 Notarial deed Date : 22 March, 1612 Aktenummer: 365 Aktedatum: 22-03-1612
3. ↑ Source: Archief Eemland Buy of a bleach + House 11 march 1615 Bladzijdenummer: 149 verso Toegangsnummer: 0012 Stadsgerecht Amersfoort, 1435-1811 Inventarisnummer: 436-14
4. ↑ The name of the Amsterdammer suggests that he was a German or that he was of German descent. His name is also spelled Syboelt and Zyeboltz in those documents.
5. ↑ 28 October,1616; huis, hof en hofstede met de bleek en twee hofjes buiten de Koppelpoort
   Verkopende partij: Wulpher Gerritsz en zijn vrouw Neeltjen Jacobs
   Kopende partij: Henrick Jansz en zijn vrouw Haesgen Thonis
   Belendingen 1: Mr. Elias van Wede
   Belendingen 2: Peter Harmansz Both
   • Source: Aktedatum: 28 October, 1616 Transportakten Amersfoort Toegangsnummer: 0012 Stadsgerecht Amersfoort, 1435-1811 Inventarisnummer: 436-15
6. ↑ Transcribed Original Notarial deed from 3 januari 1618 : Hubert Lambertsz Moll ende Geertgen Cornelisdochter zyne huijsfr. mitsgaders Wulphert Gerritsz ende Neeltgen Jacobs echteluijden'verklaren schuldig te zijn Ghijsbert Cornelisz van Cuijlenburch borgher tot Utrecht een erfelijke los-rente van vijff ende twijntich Car.g. en stellen 'toteenen specialen hijpoteecq ende onderpandc.seec-kere bleijck mette huijssinghe zoe van outs als nieus tegenwoordich daerop getimmert staende. ende allehaere toebehoren alles zoe groot ende cleijn ende inzulcken vougen die staende ende gelegen zijn alhierin deesen gerechte van Amersf. buijten die Coppel-poort. daer aende Noortsijde d'Eem. aende Oostzijde die Stadtsgraft. aende Zuydt ende Westzijded'erffgenamen van Gerrit van Speulde naestgelegen zijn.
   hem Hubert Lambertsz Moll ende zijn huijsfr.bijden mombers ende kijnderen van zaliger Jan Vlugh ende Aeltge Jacobs in haer leven echtel. optenveerthienden Aprilis xvi'seventhijen voor desen ge-rechte getransporteert ende nijet hoger voor datedeeses belast alse met twee hondert g. hooftsoms,competeerende de Poth allhijer tot Amersfoort endenoch seshondert g. hooftgelts ten behoeve van Jo.Catharina van Moerendael wed. van za. Dirck deGouda ende anders gheen. ende van welcken bleijckmet haeren toebehoren voorn. Hubert Moll ende zijnhuijsfr. seeckere gedeelte opde voors. twee perthijen van belastingen aen Wulffert Gerritsz voornt endezijn huijsfr. vercoft maer noch nijet getransporteert hebben' [In de kantlijn staat dat Dirck van Culenburch als mede-erfgenaam van Gysbert van Culenborch zijn zaliger vader, geheel is voldaan van deze plecht/hypotheek d.d. 5 maart 1628]
   • Source: GA Amersfoort, Rechterlijk Archief 436 deel 15
7. ↑ In the seventeenth century, a bleach camp was a capital intensive, seasonal business which required the labor of relatively many workers. Profits were meager because the buyers of the finished product and the suppliers of raw matierials such as lye were generally the same persons, and they acted to keep theri costs and thus the profits of the bleachers love. There were three types of bleaching activities, and the skills and experience reqiuired of workers was generally so high that each bleachery specialized in but one sort of material: Yarn (garenblekerij), woven cloth (lijnwaadblekerij), or clothing (klerenblekerij). In all three cases, the material was first generally cooked in a lye solution and later spread out on green grass for many weeks in small fields surrounding the bleach house where it was kept damp. Later, iot was cookled in a solution of wheat meal before being again spread on the field for a lenghtly period, the entire process requiring about three months. The consequences of this long procedure was that only wealthy people were the customers of clothing bleachers because only they could afford to part with many items of clothing for so long a time.
8. ↑ It does not appear that Wolferts endeavor as bleacher met with great success, and this may have been caused by a general malaise in the weavers trade in Amersfoort in this period, which in turn lay on a lack of capital. Because Wolfert's work was dependent on this industry, he was limited as a businessman by the lack of sucess of the parent industry.
9. ↑ From NYGBR
10. ↑ This document indicates that Wolfert is connected to the Couwenhoven by Hoogland. It is at the same time possible that he was also linked to the Couwenhoven near Woudenberg because he was a son of Gerrit Willemsz van Couwenhoven, but documentation for this has not been discovered.
11. ↑ 11 June,1623; een bleek en huis met aankleven vandien buiten de Koppelpoort, tot heden door Wulpher bewoond en gebruikt
    Verkopende partij: Hubert Moll en zijn vrouw Geertgen Cornelis
    Kopende partij: Wulpher Gerritsz, bleker, zijn vrouw en hun erven
    Aktedatum: 11 June, 1623
    Belendingen 1: west: Gerrit van Spueldes erfgenamen
    Belendingen 2: zuid: de stadsgracht
    Belendingen 3: oost: de river de Eem
    Belendingen 4: noord: Hubert Moll voornoemd
    Opmerkingen: Belast met een hoofdsom van 200 gulden met interest aan Armen de Poth, een hoofdsom 600 gulden aan Morendael in leven Deken van Sint Pieter te Utrecht en 400 gulden aan wijlen Gijsbert van Culemborch te Utrecht
    • Source: Aktedatum: 11 June, 1623 Transportakten Amersfoort Toegangsnummer: 0012 Stadsgerecht Amersfoort, 1435-1811 Inventarisnummer: 436-16
12. ↑ 11-06-1623; Object: een bleek en huis met aankleven vandien, buiten de Koppelpoort
    Verkopende partij: Wulpher Gerritsz, bleker en zijn vrouw Neeltgen Jacobs Kopende partij: de heer Jacques Chiese, curassier onder de compagnie van zijne excellentie, en zijn erven
    Belendingen 1: west: Gerrit van Spueldesz erfgenamen Belendingen 2: zuid: de Stadsgracht
    Belendingen 3: Oost; Rivier de Eem
    Belendingen 4: noord: Hubert Moll
    Opmerkingen: belast met 200 gulden aan Armen de Poth, met 600 gulden aan de erfgenamen van Morendael te Utrecht en met 400 gulden aan de erfgenamen van Geijsbert van Culemborch te Utrecht
    • Source: Archief Eemland second deed selling bleach: 11June, 1623 Transportakten Amersfoort Toegangsnummer: 0012 Stadsgerecht Amersfoort, 1435-1811 Inventarisnummer: 436-16
13. ↑ From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in ..., By Dirk J. Barreveld, p. 88.
14. ↑ From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in ..., By Dirk J. Barreveld, p. 90; quoting the 'Van Rappard Documents'.
15. ↑ All My Ancestors Plus
16. ↑ genealogieonline -- Stamboom Hassing » Wolpert Gerretse van Couwenhoven
17. ↑ V. R. B. Mss, Letter Book, f.23.
18. ↑ Van Rensselaer Bowier manuscripts p. 218
19. ↑ This was a friendly letter. According to the source there are several letters to Wolfert from Van Rensselaer. The letter above was read over the phone to me and I have yet to receive the exact copy and don't take short hand.
    • NOTE: The reader, with interest, is encouraged to read "Island at the Center of the World" by Soto which gives an excellent account of the Dutch colonization of Manhatten Island and Long Island [O'Bryan extended Family tree.FTW]
20. ↑ Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier
21. ↑ New York State Archives. New Netherland. Council. Dutch colonial patents and deeds, 1630-1664. Series A1880. Volume GG. Identifier NYSA_A1880-78_VGG_0014. Patent of Andries Hudde and Wolphert Gerritsen van Couwenhoven for a tract of land on Long Island
22. ↑ see marriage record
23. ↑ Yates Publishing, U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 (Name: Ancestry.com Operations Inc; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2004;) Source number: 2794.000; Source type: Electronic Database; Number of Pages: 1; Submitter Code: PHZ
24. ↑ GenealogieOnline Trees: Born in Amersfort, Utrecht, Netherlands, about 1580.
25. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Neeltgen Jacobsdochter, Record for Wolfert Gerretson Van Couwenhoven , Record for Gerret Wolfertse VanCouwenhoven, Record for Gerritt Jansz (dead URL)
26. ↑ Source: Utrechts Archief First Marriage 17 January 1605 (scan also) Amersfoort Toegangsnummer: DTB_Archief_Eemland_13 - Inventarisnummer: 38b Paginanummer: 114
27. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Neeltgen Jacobsdochter, Record for Wolfert Gerretson Van Couwenhoven 1067
28. ↑ Yates Publishing, U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 (Name: Ancestry.com Operations Inc; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2004;) Source number: 2794.000; Source type: Electronic Database; Number of Pages: 1; Submitter Code: PHZ
29. ↑ Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year ...I. Riley, 1849; p. 337
30. ↑ From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in ..., By Dirk J. Barreveld, p. 88.
31. ↑ From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in ..., By Dirk J. Barreveld, p. 90; quoting the 'Van Rappard Documents'.
32. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Neeltgen Jacobsdochter Record for Wolfert Gerretson Van Couwenhoven Record for Gerritt Jansz Couwenhoven (dead URL)
33. ↑ U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Place: New York, New York; Year: 1630-1631; Page Number: 81
34. ↑ Find A Grave Index
35. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Wolfert Gerretson Van Couwenhoven (dead URL)
36. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Neeltgen Jacobsdochter (dead URL)
37. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Gerritt Jansz Couwenhoven (dead URL)
38. ↑ Ancestry Tree. Database online. Record for Wolfert Gerretson Van Couwenhoven , Record for Gerret Wolfertse VanCouwenhoven Record for Gerritt Jansz Couwenhoven (dead URL)

• Van Rensselaer Bowier manuscripts, being the letters of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, 1630-1643, and other documents relating to the colony of Rensselaerswyck, by New York State Library; Rensselaer, Kiliaen van, 1580?-1646; Van Laer, Arnold J. F. (Arnold Johan Ferdinand), 1869-1955; Roever, Nicolaas de, 1850-1893; Strong, Susan De Lancey Van Rennselaer, "Mrs. Alan H. Strong." Published 1908.

• Source: Boerderij Kouwenhoven en familie Van Kouwenhoven 1400-1650 (2), Marcel Kemp en Gerard Raven
• Wikipedia contributors, "Wolphert Gerretse," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolphert_Gerretse&oldid=744163190 (accessed October 13, 2016).
• Wardell, Patricia A. "Conover, Kowenhoven: Van Kowenhoven, Wolfert Gerretse" njgsbc.org. Accessed 21 Jan 2017. http://njgsbc.org/indexes/bergen-county-families/
• Hoff, Henry "New York Genealogical and Biographical Record", vol. 70, pp 3533--355
• Note: Wolphert Gerretse Van Kouwenhoven (M) (before May 1, 1579 - between March 2, 1662 and June 24, 1662), #279 Pedigree
• Source: conovergenealogy
• Source; 'Van Rappard Documents' - Documents relating to New Netherland 1624-1626, Located In The Henry E. Huntington Library, Translated and Edited by A.J.F. van Laer, ©1924, p 131-168, 269-270. These documents, also known as the 'Van Rappard Documents', were in possession of the Van Rappard family and were sold at auction in 1910. The documents were acquired by the Henry E. Huntinton Library; were translated and became available in 1924. These documents have been excerpted and published in numerous History books and publications, and certain document excerpts are found at the WebRoots Historical Documents site.
• Ancestry.com, U.S., Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current (Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2012;) Find A Grave
• GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015. (Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2014;) These are user-contributed online family trees from Netherlands.
• Yates Publishing, U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 (Name: Ancestry.com Operations Inc; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2004;)
• U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s Author: Ancestry.com. Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc
• Welles, Rev. Theodore W. Ancestral Tablets from Colonial Days to the Present Era: A Record of the Descendants of Gov. Thomas Welles of Connecticut, Capt. Gerrit Janse Hardenbergh of New York, Fiscaal Hendrick Van Dyck of New Amsterdam, Jan Tysse Goes of Beaverwyck, and nearly one hundred allied families. Paterson, N.J.: Press Printing & Publishing, 1893. Page 335.
• American Historical Society, Cyclopedia of New Jersey biography in six volumes. Memorial History Company; New York; 1916. Digitized by Internet Archives, 2008, Vol I, Page 88.
• History of Monmouth County, New Jersey 1664-1920. Three Volumes. Lewis Historical Publishing Co; New York; 1922, Vol II, Biographical, Page 87.
• Bergen, Teunis G. Register in Alphabetical Order, of the Early Settlers of Kings County, Long Island, N.Y., from Its First Settlement by Europeans to 1700: With Contributions to Their Biographies and Genealogies, Compiled from Various Sources. (New York: S. W. Green's Son, 1881.) Page 81.
• RIKER, JAMES. ANNALS OF NEWTOWN, IN QUEENS COUNTY, NEW YORK: Containing Its History from Its First ... Settlement, Together with Many Interesting Facts C. New York, NY: D Fanshaw, 1852. Digitiized by Forgotten Books,, 2015, pages 362-363.
• Conover, Charles Hopkins. The Conover Family; Martin & Allardyce; Frankford, PA; 1912. Pages 7-8.

Acknowledgments

• WikiTree profile created by Tim Tropeck William Hauser Erik Rasmussen X Gorby Liisa Small Robert Tomasko Cole Aubrey grant2.ged, Tomasko Family Tree.ged.
• This person was created through the import of small2.ged on 30 November 2010. The following data was included in the gedcom: reference Mr. Henry Hoff "New. York Gen. &. biog record" vol. 70, pp 3533--355
• Couwenhoven-85 was created by Catherine Deiley through the import of Deiley Family Tree.ged on Sep 30, 2014.