Evidence suggests that he was married three times.
His first wife was Martha Jane Carroll, she was the mother of at least 7 of his 8 children. If the following is true then she would have died sometime between 1888, when their daughter Emzie E Vaughan was born, and 1894.
His second wife could be a Mrs. Martha Mackey(Maiden name unknown).
The 1900 US Census (see sources below) shows him living in Texas with a Martha born 1854 in Missouri, USA. This conflicts with the information about Martha Jane Carroll as previous censuses show her being born c.1852 and in Iowa. That same census lists four step-children in the household. Dave Mackey, age 22, born Indian Territory; Neta Mackey, age 18, born Indian Territory; Jas Mackey, age 13, born Indian Territory; and Wiley Mackey, age 10, born Indian Territory. A C.C. Vaughan and Mrs. Martha Mackey were married in Pittsburgh, Oklahoma, USA on August 4, 1894. If this is the right C.C. Vaughan then his youngest son Joseph Locial Vaughan would not be the son of Martha Jane Carroll.
His third wife is Virginia A. (Maiden name unknown). She is living with Christopher Columbus Vaughn in the 1910 US Census. This time in Arkansas. A marriage record has not been found so date and place are unknown. The 1920 US Census has him listed as a widow.
Sources
"United States Census, 1850," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/M67Z-T9S : accessed 18 Nov 2013), Christopher Vaughan in household of George W Vaughan, Prairie, Madison, Arkansas, United States; citing dwelling 80, family 80, NARA microfilm publication M432, roll 27.
"United States Census, 1860," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/M875-F4R : accessed 18 Nov 2013), Christopher Vaughan, , Madison, Arkansas; citing "1860 U.S. Federal Census - Population," Fold3.com; p. 23, family 151, NARA microfilm publication M653; FHL microfilm 803045.
"United States Census, 1870," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MNCH-6RC : accessed 12 Dec 2013), C C Vaughan in household of G W Vaughan, Arkansas, United States; citing p. , family 2, NARA microfilm publication M593, FHL microfilm 000545557.
"United States Census, 1880," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MNWX-K9J : accessed 18 Nov 2013), Christopher Vaughn, Prairie, Madison, Arkansas, United States; citing sheet 589B, family 0, NARA microfilm publication T9-0050
"United States Census, 1900," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M3LL-5CJ : accessed 8 November 2017), Columbus Vaughn, Justice Precinct 6, Delta, Texas, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 39, sheet 16A, family 276, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,627.
"United States Census, 1910," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MKVP-NMW : accessed 12 Dec 2013), C C Vaughn, White, Polk, Arkansas, United States; citing sheet , family 26, NARA microfilm publication T624, FHL microfilm 1374074.
"United States Census, 1920," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MJM2-NVH : accessed 12 Dec 2013), Columbus Vaughan in household of George Reed, Eagle, McCurtain, Oklahoma, United States; citing sheet , family 19, NARA microfilm publication T625, FHL microfilm 1821468.
"Arkansas, County Marriages, 1837-1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FQPQ-K4G : 22 December 2016), Christopher Columbus Vaughn and Martha Jane Carrol, 03 Jul 1870; citing , Washington, Arkansas, United States, county offices, Arkansas; FHL microfilm 1,034,248.
Vaughan, Lewis Elmo. Vaughan Pioneer:William and Fereby Vaughan of Russell County, Virginia and their Descendants. Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press, Inc, 1979. pp 38-39, 314.
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Christopher by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with Christopher: