澤東 毛 (1893 - 1976)

Born 26 Dec 1893 in 大清湖南省長沙府湘潭縣韶山沖

Ancestors

Husband of Yang (Yang) Kaihui — married 1920 (to 1927) in 中華民國北京

Husband of 淑蒙 (李) 江 — married 20 Nov 1938 in 中華民國陕西省陕北延安市

Descendants

Died 9 Sep 1976 at age 82 in 中华人民共和国北京市中南海

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Name

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Mao.^[1]

Note: The WikiTree database displays all surnames in last rather than first. The reader must mentally re-arrange Chinese names back into the proper order.

Chairman Mao Zedong ^[1] 毛泽东

Mao Zedong^[1] Simplified Chinese 毛泽东 Traditional Chinese 毛澤東 Hanyu Pinyin: Máo Zédōng [mɑ̌ʊ tsɤ̌tʊ́ŋ] Wade-Giles: Mao Tse Tung

Biography

澤東 毛 is Notable.

Mao Tse Tung was the son of Mao Yichang and Wen Qumei. He served as Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1959, and led the Chinese Communist Party from 1935 until his death in 1976.

Public office

1st Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China In office June 19, 1945 – September 9, 1976^[1]

1st vice-chairman Liu Shaoqi

Lin Biao

Zhou Enlai

Hua Guofeng

1st Chairman of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China In office March 20, 1943 – April 24, 1969

Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission In office August 23, 1945 – 1949; September 8, 1954 – September 9, 1976

1st Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC

In office September 21, 1949 – December 25, 1954

Honorary Chairman: December 25, 1954 – September 9, 1976

1st Chairman of the People's Republic of China In office September 27, 1954 – April 27, 1959

Birth and Death

Born December 26, 1893; Shaoshan, Hunan, Qing Dynasty^[1]

Died September 9, 1976 (aged 82) Beijing; Resting place Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, Beijing^[1]

Marriages

Luo Yixiu (1907–1910)^[1]

Yang Kaihui (1920–1930)^[1]

He Zizhen (1930–1937)^[1]

Jiang Qing (1939–1976)^[1]

Pre-1949 Life

Mao Zedong (Listeni/ˈmaʊ zəˈdʊŋ, dzə-/), also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976), was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His Marxist-Leninist theories, military strategies and political policies are collectively known as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought.

Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook in early life, particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919. Mao converted to Marxism-Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China (CPC), leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CPC, Mao helped to found the Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land policies and ultimately became head of the CPC during the Long March. Although the CPC temporarily allied with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), after Japan's defeat China's civil war resumed and in 1949 Mao's forces defeated the Nationalists who withdrew to Taiwan.^[1]

Peoples Republic of China

On October 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a single-party state controlled by the CPC. In the following years Mao solidified his control through land reform campaigns against landlords, and perceived enemies of the state he termed as "counter-revolutionaries". ^[1]

In 1957 he launched a campaign known as the Great Leap Forward that aimed to rapidly transform China's economy from an agrarian economy to an industrial one, which led to widespread famine. ^[1]

In 1966, he initiated the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, a program to remove "counter-revolutionary" elements of Chinese society that lasted 10 years and which was marked by violent class struggle, widespread destruction of cultural artifacts and unprecedented elevation of Mao's personality cult .[1] ^[1]

In 1972, Mao welcomed US president Richard Nixon in Beijing, signalling a policy of opening China, which was furthered under Deng Xiaoping's rule in China.^[1]

A controversial figure, Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history.[2] Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China,[3] modernising China and building it into a world power, promoting the status of women, improving education and health care, and increasing life expectancy as China's population grew from around 550 to over 900 million during the period of his leadership.[4][5] He is also known as a theorist, military strategist, poet, and visionary.[6] In contrast, critics consider him a dictator who severely damaged traditional Chinese culture, perpetrated systematic human rights abuses, and who is responsible for an estimated 40 to 70 million deaths through starvation, forced labour, and executions, ranking his tenure as the top incidence of democide in human history.[7][8][9]^[1]

Genealogy

Ancestors

His ancestors were:

• Máo Yíchāng (毛贻昌, born Xiangtan October 15, 1870, died Shaoshan January 23, 1920), father, courtesy name Máo Shùnshēng (毛顺生) or also known as Mao Jen-sheng
• Wén Qīmèi(文七妹, born Xiangxiang 1867, died October 5, 1919), mother. She was illiterate and a devout Buddhist. She was a descendant of Wen Tianxiang.
• Máo Ēnpǔ (毛恩普, born May 22, 1846, died November 23, 1904), paternal grandfather
• Luó Shì (罗氏), paternal grandmother
• Máo Zǔrén (毛祖人), paternal great-grandfather^[1]

Wives

Mao Zedong had four wives who gave birth to a total of 10 children. These were:

• Luo Yixiu (罗一秀, October 20, 1889 – 1910) of Shaoshan: married 1907 to 1910
• Yang Kaihui (杨开慧, 1901–1930) of Changsha: married 1921 to 1927, executed by the KMT in 1930; mother to Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong
• He Zizhen (贺子珍, 1910–1984) of Jiangxi: married May 1928 to 1939; mother to Mao Anhong, Li Min, and four other children
• Jiang Qing (江青, 1914–1991), married 1939 to Mao's death; mother to Li Na

Siblings^[1]

Siblings

He had several siblings:

• Mao Zemin (毛泽民, 1895–1943), younger brother, executed by a warlord
• Mao Zetan (毛泽覃, 1905–1935), younger brother, executed by the KMT
• Mao Zejian (毛泽建, 1905–1929), adopted sister, executed by the KMT^[1]

Mao Zedong's parents altogether had five sons and two daughters. Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan. Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists. Like Yang Kaihui, both Zemin and Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime.

Note that the character zé (泽) appears in all of the siblings' given names. This is a common Chinese naming convention.

From the next generation, Zemin's son, Mao Yuanxin, was raised by Mao Zedong's family. He became Mao Zedong's liaison with the Politburo in 1975. In Li Zhisui's The Private Life of Chairman Mao, Mao Yuanxin played a role in the final power-struggles.[254]^[1]

Children

Mao Zedong had a total of ten children,[255] including:

1. Mao Anying (毛岸英, 1922–1950): son to Yang, married to Liú Sīqí (刘思齐), who was born Liú Sōnglín (刘松林), killed in action during the Korean War
2. Mao Anqing (毛岸青, 1923–2007): son to Yang, married to Shao Hua (邵华), grandson Mao Xinyu (毛新宇), great-grandson Mao Dongdong
3. Mao Anlong (1927–1931): son to Yang, died during the Chinese Civil War
4. Mao Anhong (1932–1935?): son to He, left to Mao's younger brother Zetan and then to one of Zetan's guards when he went off to war, was never heard of again
5. Li Min (李敏, b. 1936): daughter to He, married to Kǒng Lìnghuá (孔令华), son Kǒng Jìníng (孔继宁), daughter Kǒng Dōngméi (孔冬梅)
6. Li Na (李讷, Pinyin: Lĭ Nà, b. 1940): daughter to Jiang (whose birth given name was Li, a name also used by Mao while evading the KMT), married to Wáng Jǐngqīng (王景清), son Wáng Xiàozhī (王效芝)^[1]

Mao's first and second daughters were left to local villagers because it was too dangerous to raise them while fighting the Kuomintang and later the Japanese. Their youngest daughter (born in early 1938 in Moscow after Mao separated) and one other child (born 1933) died in infancy. Two English researchers who retraced the entire Long March route in 2002–2003[256] located a woman whom they believe might well be one of the missing children abandoned by Mao to peasants in 1935. Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen hope a member of the Mao family will respond to requests for a DNA test.[257]^[1]

Through his ten children, Mao became grandfather to twelve grandchildren, many of whom he never knew. He has many great-grandchildren alive today. One of his granddaughters is business woman Kong Dongmei, one of the richest people in China and mother to three of Mao's great-grandchildren.[258]

His grandson Mao Xinyu, father of two, is a general in the Chinese army.^[1]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22} Mao Zedong; Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong. Accessed July 6, 2015

• Wikipedia Mao_Zedong

• Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon (2005). Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-224-07126-0.
• enghunan.gov.cn
• www.biography.com
• enghunan.gov.cn

See also:

• This WikiTree profile is referenced from Wikidata: Item Q5816, en:Wikipedia