If you go to the FamilySearch catalog and do a key word search for “mortality schedule” you will get a lot of results by state. The majority appear not be digitized (although I do recall seeing the Federal one at one time; I did not go through the whole list).
Similarly on Ancestry do a keyword search in their catalog and you will get two results. One is for 1850-85, the other is an index for 1850-80. Ancestry has other non-population schedules as well.