Have you already considered/ruled out this man being the captain?
Prob 11/151/161. Will of Robert Addams, mariner of Ratcliff, Middlesex. 7th February 1627(28)
https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D884878
Only had a quick look, but he has sons Robert and Christopher & daughters Susan Wicherley & Agnes/Anne Ffysher. (Married to Lawrence Ffysher - their marriage licence mentions Robert Adams as ‘gentleman of Stepney’. Can be found in Foster’s ‘London Marriage Licences’. Also a licence for a Christopher Adams, shipwright.)
I don’t see a disparity in the various Robert Adams of Limehouse, Ratcliff, & Stepney being the same man. As you already know Ratcliff was half in Limehouse & half in Stepney parish.
There is also this (but not digital, so someone would have to look at it)
Folio 107; Robert Adams to Captain Robert Adams his father Nov 4 1625
https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C6766033
Folio 107 is correspondence regarding the Barbary States (Algiers, Morocco, Tunis, & Tripoli.)
I also think there is a conflation of 3 people in the profile for Robert. Captain Robert, Robert of Virginia, & Robert of Newbury, Massachusetts, who apparently married someone called Eleanor & had a son called John (mentioned in the profile notes)