there would be a limited use case for a historic national database like this although for records in our modern era of social security numbers etc. you can probably get this from a database like lexisnexis public records (not free).
perhaps there are state level property searches, but in my state it's county by county, with some counties having no public online database at all, where you must either go in person or pay the clerk do a search. if local government can make money off a service, they have very little incentive to make their records public.
city directories for the towns you are researching are probably the best way to gather this information. in many cases, those are not digitized, you need to get the book off the shelf in the local library.