Thanks, Simon, for all of the above notes. This clarifies my goofy thinking, caused mainly, I hope, by a construction calamity in the world other than family tree research, DNA or real world historic.
In my father's and my case it is semitragic that AU dna dwindles so fast. I do know some 3rd or 4th gen Askenazi relatives (thru ftdna.com), and I want to and must discover how they are related, as in what is the connection. Only one of them is alive now, and he is a male, tested by ftdna also. How do I find out the specific individual in the now long ago past (c. 1889 and prior 10-15 yrs?)