Ancestry has the Home Office Criminal registers. These will contain brief details of the offence and the sentence.
Find My Past has some other central records; both are pay to view . See brief details
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/criminals-and-convicts
Lincolnshire Archives have many records for the prison in the period. On a quick look though I coudn't see the admissions/discharges book which would include some details of the sentence and a description of the prisonner.https://www.lincstothepast.com/searchResults.aspx?keywords=lincoln%20prison&cmd=addNav&val=PeriodName:19th%20Century
Most of these records aren't digitised.
The best source for details of trials ( apart from at the Old Bailey) are often local newspapers many of these are viewable on Find my Past or British Newspaper Archive ... same collection and again both pay to view
Thank you for the star Lynda.
I had another search of Lincs to the past using the family name and found details of David Ranyard (son of John) from Horncastle, four years for theft and assaulting a constable in 1863.http://www.lincstothepast.com/Convict-return--372-/888015.record?pt=S
The same search foundhttps://www.lincstothepast.com/Female-Case-Book-P-Z/531262.record?pt=T and this later one https://www.lincstothepast.com/Female-Case-Book/532548.record?pt=T
They are images but I can't view on the phone .
( many other Ranyard records that might be of more general interest)
I just had a look at Findmypast and found a Henry Ranyard age 19, chair maker, arrested 16th Nov 1875 for obtaining money by false pretences from 2 men. Convicted on 7th Jan 1876 and given 6 months imprisonment with hard labour in Lindsey prison, Lincolnshire. Previously convicted under the Juvenile Offenders Act on 31 Jan 1870 at Market Rasen for stealing 4 balls of twine. Sentence was 1 calendar month in Kirton jail and 5 years in Carlton Reformatory School. Also three times convicted before the magistrates at Market Rasen and ordered to be whipped. https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=TNA/CCC/2B/HO140/00136304
There are two other results under the Prison Registers section, one for a David Ranyard or Ranwell: https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=TNA/CCC/2B/PCOM2/00872904 and one for a William Christopher Ranyard: https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=TNA/CCC/HO140/113/140909