naming convention de [closed]

+9 votes
802 views
What's the site-wide policy for use of "de" for Anglo-Norman families? I'm sure this has come up a zillion times, and there's a definitive policy page somewhere. I can't find it.

I will say it's bothersome -- tiresome, eye-boring -- to see both forms included in peoples' names "(de Foo) formerly Foo" and especially with the almost-always-wrong "formerly" word stuffed in there.

That only makes sense if the individual himself (or his living father) formally changed his name, for the various reasons. In those cases it ought to "de X formerly Y" and with no parenthesis, as we do maiden names, right?

If I were in some conference room with the folks who own this policy, I'd humbly suggest:

1. Before some year TBD (by policy, not fact) this "de" doesn't exist. When, for England?

2. After that year, it does, and should be used broadly for all Anglo-Norman families where it's supported by contemporary sources or common practice in that era. We could probably inherit some authoritative external guidance on this.

3. At some point (year TBD by policy) this stopped, for the most part. 1400s? So "De Trafford" or whatever becomes the "Trafford" family.

4. But in some cases, specific to individual families (like Trafford) the de particle was formally or informally re-incorporated into the name permanently, but totally without any historical meaning (of place) and no mandatory inference of nobility either.

5. My general sense is that we are getting this OK-ish-ly right now on the site... but at the cost of formatting brain damage right at the top of the profile page. And that isn't needed in the era(s) when "everybody" was using the de. For example did anybody ever refer to the 6th Earl of Leicester as merely Simon Montfort? Leicester, yes. Montfort, maybe. But if saying his whole name, I would guess the "de" was included. (If I'm wrong, lemme know!)

If that's correct, perhaps we could simplify the display values on the site by omitting the non-de variant of the name for those centuries; and especially by omitting the "formerly" when it's not explicitly required due to a name change or inheritance etc during lifetime. Because it's simply not true they were called one, and then the other.

This is in contrast to say Ancestry.com where the de is far too enough copied way, way down in time-- into near modern eras for people where it definitely doesn't belong, on families that didn't use it at that time. (Say, in colonial New England.) This happens presumably because American (or whatever) amateur researchers think it looks fancy, like Sir or Lady, or perhaps think it belongs there, you know, forever.

Then, on a new topic, I would ask somebody far more wise than I am, what do about sons who changed titles over time: who had a lesser title until they inherited their father's major title, later in life; and so went by X for say fifty years (and while having kids, which affects them too) and then inherited dad's name/title Y eventually. I'm sure we don't handle those cases consistently well on this site. Where Baron or Earl so-and-so later becomes Duke such-and-such. At that almost always changed their name from one place-name/title-name to another. Sometimes this was forced on men at marriage, or the death of their father-in-law, not just their own dad.

So, should we always use their highest title, even if they weren't known by that for most of their lives? Or do we list both (all?) and if so, in what order: descending precedence, or chronologically-held order etc? Now THIS seems like a great use of "formerly" akin to how we handle maiden/first-husband names.

Sorry if this last is a subject for another G2G question entirely, but I mention it here on tangent from the "de" issue, because of the "formerly" syntax.

Thanks in advance for your replies-- and if you could send me links to past discussions, and current policy, I thank you in advance!
closed with the note: Old question
in Policy and Style by Isaac Taylor G2G6 Mach 1 (10.1k points)
closed by Darlene Athey-Hill
de Vere will always be de Vere although Tennyson has a little fun with it in writing “Lady Clara Vere de Vere” as an amusing gift to his friends and hosts.
Tennyson was also a "stuffed shirt" (if you read his works).

3 Answers

+8 votes
by Living Poole G2G Astronaut (1.3m points)

This page is as clear as can be, but people creating or managing profiles with such names are not always aware of its existence, if they are not involved in the Euro Aristo project. It would be cool to have a warning when editing a profile which includes a "de" (or any variant of it) in the LNAB, sending to this page. Like : 

"This person looks like (s)he has a family name belonging to European aristocracy. Please see https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Help:Name_Fields_for_European_Aristocrats to check if the LNAB is correct.

Thanks Liz, these links are very helpful!  I've got some changing to do (but fortunately not very much!) Carol (Baldwin-3428)

Bernard,

Please note that the system will not be aware of any project at profile creation. It would really be horrible to have that warning for Dutch persons. "de" is a perfectly normal last name prefix in the Netherlands. Searching the countrywide site Wie WasWie (WhoWasWho) for just prefix "de" gives a resultset of more than 10 million hits!

Having the warning of multiple first names is irritating enough. Same goes for the warning when creating/editing pre-1700 profiles by pre-1700 badged members.

+7 votes
The basic problem is that the name-matching system doesn't match "Foo" and "de Foo".  This is less of a problem now that medieval "de" has been all but eliminated from LNABs, but it's still a big issue for gedcoms - a gedcom full of "de Clares" etc just won't find any matches if that form isn't on the profiles.

Hopefully that won't result in a slew of duplicates, now there's the pre-1500 badge.  But there's still a case for helping the system to find matches.

Which is why alternative spellings are often listed as OLNs, ugly though it is.  Actually a lot of those could go away, now that the system can do fuzzy matching.

I don't know why "de Foo" was put in the CLN not the OLN.  Seems to me they could be moved to the OLN and would be a lot less annoying.
by Living Horace G2G6 Pilot (633k points)
edited by Living Horace
+6 votes
Hi Isaac,

A quick response as I am traveling... See Liz's link re: EuroAristo naming standards. Basically we don't put 'de' in the LNAB field except for a few exceptions.

As to titles, only put one in the field. I use the one by which they were most commonly known. Any and all others belong as a note in the biography.

Darlene, Co-Leader, European Aristocrats Project
by Darlene Athey-Hill G2G6 Pilot (540k points)
Not to rock the boat, but *why* is Wikitree so against nobiliary particles?  I can't help but feel it's a bit perverse to carefully strip out every instance of 'de', 'di', 'von', etc., making these names completely unrecognisable to their holders and descendants.  I understand the need for standardisation to assist in searching, but surely it would be far more sensible in most instances to keep, rather than discard, the nobiliary particle?

All the best,

Kelsey

Kelsey, 

With all due respect, it's not Wikitree who is "against nobiliary particles". Those conventions were established by aristocrats themselves, centuries ago, and are still mostly in usage among peole bearing those names, whether they consider nobility as something of the past or still alive, despite various revolutions. In France, two centuries after l'abolition des privilèges, I can tell you that it is for many people a pride to descend from those families and bear such names and attached titles (even if no power is attached to them whatsoever). And for others, even if they consider those names and attached history more a pain in the neck than anything else, they are generally still picky on those old naming conventions.

BTW, the particle does not mean noblesse, which is a specific family status delivered by a king, and is orthogonal to the name. The particle "de" means belonging to a "House", which is named w/o the "de". "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec" means "Henri, from the house of Toulouse-Lautrec". In French you would say for example "c'est un Toulouse-Lautrec". 

For example if you sort by alphabetic order, you will find him under "T" and not "d". The initial lower case of the particle indeed reminds the fact that is is not part of the house name. Putting an upper case to the particle is just rude.

Believe me. Look at my tree, I've not any nobility in my ancestors, as far as one can look in the past, only workers and illiterate peasants over my grandparents, but times are a'changin' and I've been living with a d' for quite a while, so I've learnt the hard way :-)

Dear Bernard,

I'm entirely in agreement with you and suspect we may actually just be speaking at cross purposes.  As you say, the particle indicates both nobility and the family/house to which a person belongs.  That said - at least in the Germanic contexts with which I'm more familiar - it would be very strange to refer to, say, 'Woldemar von Rosen' as 'Woldemar Rosen' (or, worse yet, 'Woldemar von Rosen, formerly Rosen').  It's that oddity which I find peculiar in Wikitree's practices.

All the best,

Kelsey
Kelsey,

As Bernard sad, Wikitree isn't 'against nobiliary particles.'  First of all, understand that the EuroAristo naming standards are primarily for the medieval period. The decision to not have 'de' in the LNAB field is basically to standardize the field and allow for searching. The CLN (current last name) field is for the name as they were known. For the medieval period, people need to accept that the LNAB field is basically just a sorting field.  When you consider that in that time period they didn't actually have last names, it's understood that we use the LNAB field as an identifier.  Standardization of the field was needed to prevent the creation of duplicate profiles.  As genealogists, some of us might have John de Lacy being sorted in our personal software as 'de Lacy', and others have him sorted as 'Lacy'.  So the Wikitree community decided to have the LNAB field without the 'de, du' etc.  Again, we are speaking to medieval profiles.
Dear Darlene,

Thanks for this - it makes the Wikitree position much clearer!  I see exactly what you mean about the need to standardise for medieval profiles to avoid duplicates.  Does this mean, then, that stripping out nobiliary particles is an exercise only required for pre-1500 profiles?  I ask because I note that there are profiles scattered about which follow this policy - usually with very odd results - for much more recent profiles (usually for members of reigning or mediatised houses).

All the best,

Kelsey

Hi Darlene

"we are speaking medieval profiles".

Well, actually the initial post by Isaac was about modern profiles, even if he did not say so explicitly, we had a previous exchange about https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Estienne_d'Orves-2 where I did apply the said naming convention, as well as for other linked profiles in the 18th to 20th centuries,in families (de) Vilmorin, (de) Toulouse-Lautrec etc. And I have the same questions about my wife and her family, all bearing that kind of names.

I followed Isabelle Rassinot on this affair for such modern profiles, for consistency of data and default other, specific indications for modern profiles.

That said, I agree with Kelsey that this formerly looks weird at first (and even second) sight, not to say it plainly sucks. But a data model always sucks at the point you want to enter round pegs in square holes. And any data base comes to this point, because all data models are only models, and as the adage goes, all the models are wrong, but some are useful

I've been around here for only two months, so a bit early for me to be arrogant enough to question the data model. But at some point, I will dust off my old data modeling hat I've been wearing for 15 years before retiring...   devil 

But I know what a data model means, and you don't change the model when the data base has 20M+ entries, no more than you change a plane engine in full flight above the Pacific Ocean.

Hi Bernard, I was speaking to the standards for medieval profiles, as Isaac mentioned the Anglo-Normans (the medieval ruling class in England), the 6th Earl of Leicester (lived in the 1200s), as well as the de Traffords in the 1400s.

FWIW, I didn't set the protocol for the naming standards.  I just have to explain the reasoning behind them from time to time . . .  wink

OK Darlene, point taken. smiley

But how would you deal yourself with a "modern aristocrat" if you meet one? 

Hi Bernard & Kelsey

There was a discussion a while back, that settled on 1600 as the cut off point, all pre-1600 profiles should follow the European Aristocrats naming standards, and that was documented in the naming fields - see here

From memory it was based on the fact that after 1600 was the period when 'von' and other such were being used reasonably consistently.  It might also because this is when official documents started to be written in vernacular languages rather than Latin.

Bernard,

If I meet a modern aristocrat, I'll be sure to be 'very proper' and acknowledge his/her status with the proper greeting -- assuming I know he/she is an aristocrat when I meet him/her!  laugh

Darlene

laugh ... but joke apart. Suppose you have to add one in WikiTree, because you stumbled upon her/him somewhere. Would you skip the problem? Pass the profile to someone who knows best?

If I were uncertain as to the proper name, I would look at the naming standards.  If I were still uncertain or wanted clarification, I would post here on G2G and tag it with EuroAristo.
I agree with Darlene - the best approach in a case of uncertainty would be to ask G2G.  That said, I think that based on this thread we can pretty clearly say that post-1600 individuals should have the nobiliary particle included in the surname field.  That's certainly the line I've been following with Baltic-German families and it seems to be pretty widely adhered to across Wikitree (with the exception of reigning houses, who are - I assume for purposes of categorisation and searching - given the same peculiar names as their medieval predecessors).
I still skip the de for "old" French noble families. Especially for really well-known families like Rochechouart, La Rochefoucauld, Montmorency... Keep in mind that a lot of families that use "de" are not noble. When we refer to Charles de Gaulle by his last name, we say "de Gaulle". He was not an aristocrat. But in the case of an aristocrat we will usually drop the de, for instance Antoine de Saint Exupéry is referred to as "Saint Exupéry". Without de.

Another thing to consider is how the names are entered in indexes.... But that is inconsistent. Some will sort under D "de Saint-Exupéry" and some will sort under S "Saint Exupéry (de)".

The MOST important thing is to actually look for the real name of people! Very often the true family name is omitted in the person's in everyday life. For example, the name of the family known as "d'Ormesson" is actually Lefèvre d'Ormesson. Giving their LNAB as "Ormesson" or "d'Ormesson" would be equally wrong.

Isabella,  I say "Here, Here!"  My favorite option is listing the family name in the LNAB and titles of nobility in the AKA.  Many English title names have nothing in common with the actual family name.  Each head of a titled house's real last name should be listed. That would make for clarity.  Remember, Prince Albert's last name was actually Wettin, not Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

Related questions

+9 votes
4 answers
+7 votes
4 answers
+7 votes
3 answers
321 views asked Jun 9, 2021 in Policy and Style by Matt McNabb G2G6 Mach 3 (37.1k points)
+6 votes
3 answers
270 views asked Dec 29, 2019 in Policy and Style by Derek Giroulle G2G6 Mach 1 (13.1k points)

WikiTree  ~  About  ~  Help Help  ~  Search Person Search  ~  Surname:

disclaimer - terms - copyright

...