"United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M65W-JXM : 12 April 2016), Sarah E Smelser in household of James S Smelser, Hart county, Hart, Kentucky, United States; citing family 964, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
Descendants of Jacob Smelzer submitted by Kathleen R. Minion Wonderful descendant chart for five generations. No sources are presented but it looks very good. It's on the Smelser/Smeltzer Descendants Genealogy Group site which lends it credence.
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with James by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
Y-chromosome DNA test-takers in his direct paternal line on WikiTree: