先代: 昭和天皇 |
天皇 1989年1月7日 – 2019年4月30日 |
次代: [living person] |
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Akihito, Prince Tsugu, was born in Tokyo, Japan, on 23 December 1933. He is the first son of Hirohito, who was the reigning Emperor at the time, and Nagako, who was the Empress. He is a member of the Imperial Family.
Prince Tsugu was raised and educated by his private tutors and then attended Gakushūin from 1940 to 1952. He did not receive a commission as a military officer unlike his predecessors.
During the firebombing raids on Tokyo in March 1945, Tsugu and his younger brother were evacuated. During the American occupation of Japan, Tsugu was tutored in the English language and Western manners. He briefly studied at the Department of Political Science in Gakushūin, but he did not receive a degree.
Upon birth, Tsugu was heir apparent to the throne. He was formally invested as Crown Prince on 10 November 1952. On June 1953, the Crown Prince represented Japan at the coronation of a new British monarch.
In August 1957, the Crown Prince met his future wife on a tennis court. They were formally engaged on 14 January 1959, and were married on 10 April. They have three children.
Upon his father's death on 7 January 1989, the Crown Prince succeeded him as Emperor, beginning the Heisei period of Japanese history, and was formally enthroned on 12 November 1990. In 1998, while making a state visit to the United Kingdom, he was invested with the UK Order of the Garter.
On 23 December 2001, when questioned about tensions with Korea, the Emperor remarked that he felt a kinship with the Korean people and explained that, according to the Shoku Nihongi, the mother of the Emperor Kanmu was related to King Muryeong of Baekje.
The Emperor underwent surgery for prostate cancer on 14 January 2003. Since succeeding his father to the throne, he has made efforts to bring the Imperial Family closer to the people of Japan. He and the Empress made official visits to eighteen countries and forty-seven prefectures of Japan.
Responding to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the Emperor made a televised appearance urging his people not to give up hope and to help one another. He and the Empress also made a visit to a temporary refugee shelter on 31 March 2011.
Later in 2011, the Emperor was hospitalized with pneumonia. On 18 February 2012, he underwent successful heart bypass surgery.
On 8 August 2016, the Emperor emphasized his advanced age and declining health in a rare televised address. The bill allowing him to abdicate was passed on 8 June 2017, and in December the Japanese government announced that the Emperor will abdicate on 30 April 2019. At midnight local time that day, the Emperor abdicated, and the Heisei period ended.
According to Japanese custom, upon the Emperor's death, the name of the period will be posthumously attached to him. However, as he had abdicated, he became Emperor Emeritus instead, so the name of the period was not given to him immediately.
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