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Mon Repos |
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark), was born on the Greek island of Corfu on June 10, 1921. He was the youngest child of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. He was baptised into the Greek Orthodox church.
Philip first came to England to attend the memorial service for his maternal grandfather, Louis Mountbatten (Marquess of Milford Haven). He then returned to Greece with his mother, where his father, Andrew, commanded a division of the Greek Army.
Philip's uncle, King Constantine I, was forced to abdicate on 27 September 1922, and his father, Prince Andrew, was arrested. Philip's mother, Princess Alice, was put under surveillance. Prince Andrew was banished from Greece for life, and he took his family (with Philip only a baby) to Paris to live.
Gordonstoun |
Philip has stated that he thought of himself as Danish. His family spoke English, French, and German - but Philip did not speak Greek, since he left there when still a baby. He attended Gordonstoun School in Scotland, and lived with his maternal grandmother, Victoria Mountbatten.
Philip attended the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, and trained for the Royal Navy, being appointed a midshipman in January 1940. During World War II, he was posted to HMS Ramillies, HMS Kent, HMS Shropshire, and in Ceylon. He was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant on 1 February 1941, then became one of the youngest first lieutenants in the Royal Navy in 1942. Upon his return in 1946, Philip became an instructor at the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.
Philip and Elizabeth |
Philip met Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) in 1939, when she was just 13, and their love story continued; Philip asked her father for his daughter's hand in marriage, and the engagement was formally announced on 10 July 1947. Philip converted to the Church of England, became a naturalised British Subject, and gave up his title of 'Prince of Greece and Denmark'. King George VI gave him the title of 'His Royal Highness', and Philip also became Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich.
Philip married Princess Elizabeth in 1947. The ceremony was broadcast via radio worldwide.
Prince Philip's naval career included many promotions and postings, including being stationed in Malta, working at the Admiralty, and the Mediterranean Fleet.
Whilst on a tour of the Commonwealth, the news reached the couple that Elizabeth's father had died (Philip broke the news to Elizabeth) and Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II in 1952; in 1957 she made Philip a Prince of the United Kingdom.
On 17 July, 1917, Queen Elizabeth's grandfather, King George V, announced "Now, therefore, We, out of Our Royal Will and Authority, do hereby declare and announce
that as from the date of this Our Royal Proclamation Our House and Family shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that all the descendants in the male line of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, other than female descendants who may marry or may have married, shall bear the said Name of Windsor:
And do hereby further declare and announce that We for Ourselves and for and on behalf of Our descendants and all other the descendants of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, relinquish and enjoin the discontinuance of the use of the Degrees, Styles, Dignities, Titles and Honours of Dukes and Duchesses of Saxony and Princes and Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and all other German Degrees, Styles, Dignities. Titles, Honours and Appellations to Us or to
them heretofore belonging or appertaining". In 1952, Queen Elizabeth II said "that I and my children shall be styled and known as the house and family of Windsor, and that my descendants who marry and their descendants, shall bear the name of Windsor." This confirmed the Royal Family name of Windsor. [1]
Queen Elizabeth announced that the Duke of Edinburgh was to have "place, pre-eminence and precedence" next to her "on all occasions and in all meetings, except where otherwise provided by Act of Parliament". He, in turn knelt before her and enclosed her hands in his, swearing to be her 'liege man of life and limb'.
Duke of Edinburgh Award logo |
In 1956, the Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme was instituted, which now covers 144 nations. [2] "The DofE charity works with organisations across the UK to help young people gain essential skills, experience, confidence and resilience to successfully navigate adult life."[3]
Philip was the father of four children, grandfather of eight, and great grandfather of nine. Philip was patron of some 800 organisations, particularly focused on the environment, industry, sport, and education. The Duke was also Colonel-in-Chief, or Colonel, of a number of British and overseas regiments. [4] He retired from his royal duties on 2 August 2017. [4]
Prince Philip died peacefully at Windsor Castle, on 9 April 2021, two months before his hundredth birthday. It was reported worldwide in newspapers, on Twitter, and other websites. His obituary can be read here.
He had a "Ceremonial Royal funeral" (not a "State Funeral", which is reserved for the Monarch) at the Chapel of St George, Windsor Castle on 17 April 2021. [5] In accordance with his wishes, his body was conveyed to the Chapel in a Land Rover. The funeral service was conducted by the Dean of Windsor, and at its conclusion, the Duke's body was interred in the Royal Vault. The "Last Post" was sounded, followed by (at the Prince's request) "Action Stations".
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