Susan Brownell Anthony (1820 - 1906)

Susan B. Anthony was born and raised in West Grove, near Adams, Massachusetts.^[1][2] She was the second oldest of seven children, Guelma Penn, Susan Brownell, Hannah E., Daniel Read, Mary Stafford, Eliza Tefft, and Jacob Merritt, born to Daniel Anthony and Lucy Read.^[1] Susan was close to her sisters throughout her life.

Susan's father was an abolitionist and a temperance advocate. A Quaker, he had a difficult relationship with his traditionalist congregation, which rebuked him for marrying a non-Quaker and then disowned him for allowing a dance school to operate in his home. He continued to attend Quaker meetings anyway and became even more radical in his beliefs. Susan's mother was not a Quaker but helped raise their children in a more tolerant version of her husband's religious tradition. Their father encouraged them all, girls as well as boys, to be self-supporting, teaching them business principles and giving them responsibilities at an early age.^[3]

In 1826, when she was six years old, Susan's family moved from Massachusetts to Battenville, New York.^[1] Susan went to a local district school, where a teacher refused to teach her long division because of her gender. After hearing about the poor education his child was given, her father quickly had her placed in a group home school, where he taught Susan himself.^[3] Mary Perkins, another teacher there, conveyed a progressive image of womanhood to Susan, further developing her growing belief in women's equality.

Susan taught school in New Rochelle and Canajoharie, New York.^[4] She learned that her salary was far less than her male counterparts', which fired some of her drive towards equality.^[4]

At the age of 29, Susan became involved in abolitionism.^[4] She later became friends with Amelia Bloomer, which led to a meeting with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who would soon become her partner in organizing political groups, especially for women’s rights and woman suffrage.^[4] Elizabeth served as the writer for the groups. She was the one who came up with the ideas. Susan was the organizer and the one who traveled. She was very good at public speaking.^[4]

Susan never married, but had a relationship with a woman named Anna Dickinson before forming a close companionship in her later years with Emily Gross, a Chicago woman who was the wife of a wealthy businessman, Samuel Gross. Susan wrote about her in letters to friends and relatives. "I shall go to Chicago and visit my new lover — dear Mrs. [Emily] Gross — en route to Kansas. So with new hope & new life…", Susan wrote. Although the two never lived together, they managed to spend long periods of time together until Susan's death.

Susan and Mary S. Anthony's housekeeper and secretary to at their house on 17 Madison Street in Rochester was Miss Anna E. Dann.^[5]

Susan helped to establish the American Equal Rights Association in 1866. In 1868 with Stanton as editor, Susan became publisher of an equality-themed magazine, Revolution.^[4] About that time, Susan pushed against the system, and voted. She was tried, convicted, and fined for the action.^[4]

Elizabeth and Susan also founded the National Woman Suffrage Association, larger than its rival American Woman Suffrage Association.^[3] In 1890 the organizations merged. Years later, Susan worked closely with Carrie Chapman Catt, retiring from active leadership of the suffrage movement in 1900 and turning over presidency of the NAWSA over to Catt.

In 1888, Susan founded the International Council of Women. She was the head of the U.S. delegation to the meetings held in 1899 in London and in 1904 in Berlin. Susan’s commitment to women’s education was toughened at the end of the 19th century by her diligent fundraising to secure the funds necessary to allow for the admission of women to the University of Rochester. She was finally able to raise enough money by 1900 and women were admitted, thanks to all her hard work and effort. On 14 January 1901, Susan wrote a letter to Anna May Soule, a professor of history at Mt. Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, regarding a book she had written.

At her last public event about woman’s suffrage in Baltimore in February 1906, she stated her belief that “Failure is impossible.” ^[4] Soon after in March of 1906, she died in her home in Rochester ^[6] of heart failure and pneumonia in both lungs.^[2] She was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York.^[2] Her efforts and struggles were a great contribution to the lives of many women of her time and of our present time and future.

Susan B. Anthony Day celebrates the birth of Susan B. Anthony and the Women's suffrage in the United States each February 15th.^[3] It has been celebrated since 1920, after 31 of 48 states had ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, giving women the right to vote, also known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. She helped write the amendment.^[3]

Name: Susan Brownell Anthony. Given Name: Susan Brownell. Surname: Anthony. A Given name was found in addition to a first name in the NAME tag.

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External Files

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Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} "United States Census, 1860", database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCW5-1XJ : 13 December 2017), Susan B Anthony in entry for Daniel Anthony, 1860.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2} Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 12 May 2019), memorial page for Susan B. Anthony (15 Feb 1820–13 Mar 1906), Find A Grave: Memorial #31, citing Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, Monroe County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4} Susan B. Anthony
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7} Susan B. Anthony on the National Women's Hall of Fame
5. ↑ 1900 US Census: Rochester, Monroe County, NY, 7 Jun 1900, Enumeration District 73, Sheet 8B; Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls; Roll: 1075; Page: 8B; Enumeration District: 0073; FHL microfilm: 1241075
6. ↑ "New York State Census, 1905," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MKMH-3FQ : 19 July 2018), Suzan B Anthony, Rochester, Ward 11, E.D. 02, Monroe, New York; citing p. 23, line 30, various county clerk offices, New York; FHL microfilm 833,787.

• National Geographic: Vol 166 Vol. 1 July 1984 "Underground Railroad"
• 1880 US Census: Rochester, Monroe County, NY, 7 Jun 1880, Enumeration District 88, Pg. 22; Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. (NARA microfilm publication T9, 1,454 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Roll: 863; Page: 365B; Enumeration District: 088; Image: 0426; FHL microfilm: 1254863
• A Brief History of Boston Marriage: Susan B Anthony (link no longer works), with source Faderman book
• Aldridge, B. B. B. (1953). Laphams in America: Thirteen thousand descendants including descendents of John from Devonshire, England to Providence, R.I., 1673, Thomas from Kent, England, to Scituate, Mass., 1634, and genealogical notes of other Lapham families. Victor, N.Y.: publisher not identified. p.95
• Daughters of the American Revolution. Genealogy Research System (GRS) [database]. Ancestor: Daniel Reed, A094223. Retrieved from http://services.dar.org/public/dar_research/search/?Tab_ID=1
• This WikiTree profile is referenced from Wikidata: Item Q192245, en:Wikipedia
• Harper, J.E. Susan B Anthony: A Biographical Companion. New York: ABC-CLIO Inc., 1998. Print.
• Susan B. Anthony on Western New York Suffragists: Winning the Vote
• History of Women Suffrage…:1848-1861
• Susan B. Anthony on ThoughtCo.
• Susan B. Anthony Biography on SusanBAnthony.net
• Women Protests-The Fights for Rights For All on AncientFaces.com

See also:

• American Suffragettes