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William Backus (abt. 1606 - bef. 1664)

William Backus aka Backhouse
Born about in Sheffield, Yorkshire, Englandmap
Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown]
[sibling(s) unknown]
Husband of — married 1627 [location unknown]
Husband of — married 1659 in Saybrook, Connecticutmap
Descendants descendants
Died before before about age 58 in Norwich, Connecticutmap
Profile last modified | Created 12 Oct 2011
This page has been accessed 3,166 times.
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William Backus is currently protected by the Puritan Great Migration Project for reasons described in the narrative.
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William Backus may or may not have immigrated before 1640. Project protected by the PGM project because of uncertainty over his English origins.

Contents

Biography

Name and Origins

Name: William Backus, of Sheffield, Yorkshire, and Norwich, Connecticut.[1][2][3]
Orthographic variations: Backus, Backhouse, Backhowse, Bacchus, Bachus, Baccus, Baccheus, Backhus, etc. The name is usually spelled Backus in records, and in journal articles and books on the family. His family is recorded as Backhouse in the Sheffield parish records.
He was presumably born in or near Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. He was a cutler's apprentice in Grimsthorpe near Sheffield, and his chidren were all baptized in Sheffield. His actual baptism and proof of his parents has not been found.
He is frequently found on the internet as a son of William Bacchus and Sarah Gardiner. No evidence has been found to support this.

Birth

Born: About 1606, presumably near Sheffield, Yorkshire, England.
Estimate based on an assumption that he was age 21 when he completed his apprenticeship in 1627. It also fits well with a first marriage in 1627.

Marriages and Children

Married: 1st - Elizabeth Unknown about 1627, probably in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England though no record of their marriage has been found.[4] The date is based on the birth of their first child in August 1628. Elizabeth died 9 February 1643 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England.
Married: 2nd - Anne Fenton by 1659, probably in Saybrook, Connecticut. She was the daughter of Robert Fenton and Alice Hancock, and the widow of Thomas Bingham.[5] Given that Thomas died in 1649, it seems probable that William Backus married Anne well before 1659.
Children of William Backus and Elizabeth Unknown:[1]
  1. Sarah Backus, was baptized 31 August 1628 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. She married John Reynolds, of Norwich. Sarah died 22 July 1702 in Norwich, New London County, Connecticut Colony.
  2. (Unnamed infant) Backus was born say 1630 in Sheffield. He was buried 7 January 1630/31 in Sheffield.
  3. Mary Backus was baptized 6 May 1632 in Sheffield. . She married Benjamin Crane. Mary died 8 July 1717.
  4. William Backus jr. (Lieutenant ) was baptized 30 November 1634 in Sheffield. He died April 1721.
  5. Lydia Backus was baptized 31 December 1637 in Sheffield. She married John Bayley. Lydia died June 1696.
  6. (Unnamed infant) Backus He was buried 28 December 1640 in Sheffield. Possibly a twin of Stephen?
  7. Stephen Backus was baptized 3 January 1641 in Sheffield. He married Sarah Spencer.[6]

Death

Died: Between 12 June 1661 and 7 May 1664.
Dates his will was made and inventory of estate.
William is often said to have probably died by 28 August 1661, when the following "Memorand" appears in the Town records (Book 2A, p. 422)--"The footway which goes through the home lott of Mr. Fitch, John Holmstead and Stephen Backus was laid out by Town order and agreement six foot wide for the Town's use." As Stephen had no home lot other than that "inherited" from his father, it is said William must have died. However, it was not uncommon in this time period for fathers to begin transferring property to their sons prior to their death (and which is also implied in his will), so this is not a convincing argument.
Will of William Backus Senior
Made 12 June 1661 and proved 21 June 1665.
"This may Certifie whom it may concerne That I William Backus Senior being now alive and in memory Doe ordain this my last will and testament wherein my mynd is Declared concerninge the ordaining (or ordering?) and Disposing of my estate whereunto I Doe hereby constitute and appoynt my trustid and welbeloved sonn Steevin Backus Heier, Executor and Administrator of my whole estate to Dispose thereof according to the order of my will.
And first of all for my wife who hath beene both loving unto me and carefull of me it is my will to provoide as comfortable for her as I can, that after my Decease she might be supplied as may be needfull and convenient for her which I conceive might be best attained by her abydeing with my sonn Steeven in the house and soe to partake with him of the estate soe far as shall be needful and convenient for her according to what shall arise both from the grounde and stock, but if Steeven and she shall part and the occasion thereof Doe arise from Steeven or then (?) by reason of his undutifull cariage towardes her or any other way of Discouragement proceeding from him which may occasion her departing from him, Then my will is that Steeven shall provoide for her Twenty bushells of corne a yeere that is Twelve bushells of Indian and eight of wheate as also a Third part of the milke of the cattle and a sixt part of garden stuff as squashes and pumpkins turnips and the like During the tyme of her life if she change not her condition, but if my wife shall volluntarily part from Steeven without any just occasion from him my will is notwithstanding that Steeven should provide for her fowre bushells of wheate and sixe bushells of Indian a yeere Dureing the timeof her life as aforesaid if she change not her condition. The which if she shall Doe my will is that Steeven shall be cleere of all these ingagements Also my will is that my wife should have the bed and bedclothes (except one pillo for Steeven soe long as she lives although she stay not in the house provided she stay in the Towns,and at her Decease all shall returns to Steeven except her wearing clothes and one pillo; And concerning my sonn William it is my will that he should have all the tooles belonging to the trade of a smith and cutler and what Ivory there is with the bellowes, And concerning all the rest of my children as John Renalds and his wife, and Beniamin Crane and his wife and John Bayly and his wife wth all there children which are now liveing and also Thomas Bingham XXX XXX XXXX (three words crossed out, probably "and his wife") my will is that they should all have three bushells of Indian corne a peece and this corne to be paid wthin the space of five years by the Heire and executor. Last of all my will is that my loveing freinds Thomas Leffingwell and John Birchard should see this my will performed according to the true intent thereof. Witness my hand this 12th of June Anna Dom. 1661
Witness. Thomas Tracy, John Poast
The marke "W/B" of William Backus
Extracted out of the will as returned under the hand of William Backus and allowed in New London Court held June 21st 1665
?? me Obadiah Bruen Recorder"

The inventory of William's estate is dated 7 May 1664.[7]

Notes

Occupation: Cutler
The earliest record of William Backus is of his apprenticeship as a cutler to William Nutt of Grimesthorpe, near Sheffield, Yorkshire. In 1627, he was granted his freedom, and in 1631 he was admitted to the Sheffield Cutlers Company. It is in fact this occupation which helped conclusively proved his origins. He signed his work with a distinctive W over B mark, which is also exactly how he signed his will. His will mentions all his "tooles belonging to the trade of a smith and cutler."[1]
A fellow member of this same Cutlers guild in Sheffield was Thomas Bingham. William Backus married Anne Fenton, the widow of this Thomas Bingham.[1]
Immigration
William Backus is often said to have immigrated in 1637 to Saybrook, Connecticut shortly after the founding of that settlement in 1635. He is usually said to have sailed on the “Rainbow.” This is now thought to be an error.
First of all, there is no supporting evidence that William Backus was living in Saybrook prior to 1648, and even this may be incorrect. William was in Sheffield for the birth of his son Stephen, c. 3 Jan 1641, and is not felt to have left England until after the death of his wife Elizabeth in Feb 19, 1643/4.
Sheffield Parish Register Records
Baptisms
- "xxxj° Augusto (1628) Sara fil' Wiłłmi Backhouse"[8]
- "vj° Maio (1631) Maria fil' Wiłłmi Backhouse"[9]
- "xxx° Novembri (1634) Wiłłm' fil' Wiłłmi Backhouse"[10]
- "xxxj° Decembri (1637) Lidia fil' Wiłłi Backhouse"[11]
- "iij Januario (1640/1) Stephan' fil' Wiłłi Backhouse"[12]
- "xxv° Aprili (1576) Rosa Bingham fil' Thome Bingham"[13]
- "xxv° Decembri (1579) Elizabetha Bingam filia Thome Bingam"[14]
- "ix° Martio (1581/2) Elizabetha Bingham filia Jonis Bingham"[15]
- "vij° Novemb' (1582) Anna Bingham fil' Thome Bingham"[16]
- "iiij° Augusto (1588) Thomas Bingham fil' Thome Bingham"[17]
- "xxij° Septembri (1619) Tho' fil' Tho' Bingham"[18]
- "xiij° Maio (1632) Abel fil' Tho' Bingham"[19]
- "xxvj° Decembri (1633) Stephanus fil' Tho' Bingham"[20]
- Edward Bingham 28 March 1636.[21]
- Robert Bingham 11 December 1638.[22]
- Elizabeth Bingham 18 October 1640.[23]
- Thomas Bingham. 5 June 1642.[24]
- Anne Bingham 5 November 1644.[25]
- Mary Bingham. Baptized 5 June 1648.[26]
Burials
- :"vij° Januario (1631) Infans Wiłł' Backhouse"[27]
- "xxvj° Decembri (1640) Infans Will'i Backhouse"[28]
- "ix° Februario (1643/4) Elizabeth' ux' Will'i Backhouse"[29]
- Januar' xiiijº (1637/8) Anna Backhouse vid' (widow) Who is this and how is she related? Mother?[30]
- "xxviij° Aprili (1631) Elizab' uxor Thomæ Bingham"[31]
- "xxij° Julio (1641) Elizabeth' fil' Thome Bingham"[32]
- "xvj° Julio (1643) Ed'r'us fil' Thome Bingham"[33]
- "xiiij° Januario (1646/7) Anna fil' Thomae Bingham"[34]
- "xij° Februario (1648/9) Thomas Bingham"[35]
Marriages
- "xxvj° Januario (1577/8) Thomas Bingham & Maria Longley"[36]
- "xxvj° Januar' (1586/7) Joñes Hale & Margeria Bingham"[37]
- "vj° Junio (1598) Ric'us Tayler & Benetta Bingham"[38]
- "vj° Maio (1618) Tho' Bingham et Elizab' Woodhouse"[39]
- "vj° Julio (1631) Tho' Bingham et Anna ffenton"[40]
DNA
Descendants are haplogroup M-269.

Common Errors to Avoid

First Wife LNAB: It can be found on the internet that her name was Elizabeth or Ellen and that her LNAB was Cooke. They also make her the daughter of Christopher Cooke and his wife Joan Coplestone. This is all incorrect. There is no evidence that Christopher Cooke had a daughter Elizabeth or Ellen. Also the dates make it almost impossible for the wife of William Backus to have been a daughter of Christopher Cooke. There is also the problem that the origins of William Backus has been shown to be in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England where he and Elizabeth baptized their children. Her name is properly Elizabeth Unknown.
Second Wife LNAB: It is sometimes said that she was Anne "Stenton." It has been shown that this is a misreading of the original parish records where a "ff" was mistaken for an "St".[2] It has been proven that she is Anne Fenton and not Anne Stenton.[5][41]
Marriage date: Occasionally found is a precise marriage date of 17 March 1628. There is no primary record to support this date. It is also too close to the birth of his first known child.
Wife Sarah Gardiner: The name Sarah Gardiner can be found as the mother of William Backus, the wife of William Backus, and the daughter-in-law of William Backus. In all cases, this appears to be untrue. The error appears to originate with Caulkin's 1845 History of Norwich which states that "Stephen Backus married Sarah Gardner of East Hampton, Long Island, daughter of Capt. Lyon Gardiner."[42] This information is repeated in Hinman's Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut.[43]
Savage in his Genealogical Dictionary of New England confused the issue when he stated "Backus, Stephen Norwich 1660, s. of William, by w. Sarah d. of Lyon Gardiner, had Sarah, b. April 1668..."[44] This was misread as meaning William had married Sarah when Savage was saying Stephen had married Sarah. Regardless, all of these early sources are now known to be wrong as we know Stephen's wife was Sarah Spencer.
Wife Sarah Charles: Perkins in her Old Families of Norwich stated that William Backus married Sarah Charles, daughter of John Charles.[45] Sarah Charles was the wife of his son William and not of this William Backus. In 1673 the administration of the estate of John Charles included distribution to the children of William Backus by John Charles' daughter Sarah Charles now deceased.[46]

Sources

Footnotes and citations:
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bingham, Everett F., "William Backus of Sheffield, Yorkshire, and Norwich, Connecticut" in NEHGR vol. 142 no.3 (July 1988): pages 253-254.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Jacobus. Hale, House and Related Families. (1952): page 452.
  3. Backus, Reno , Backus Families of Early New England (1966).
  4. Note that she is not Elizabeth Cooke, daughter of Christopher Cooke, as sometimes alleged.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Bingham. "Fenton Records in Sheffield, Yorkshire," in NEHGR vol. 153 no. 4 (Oct 1999): page 499.
  6. TAG: The American Genealogist, vol. 27. (1951): pages 161-185, see p. 165.
  7. "Probate files collection, early to 1880". Catalog: Probate files collection, early to 1880 Probate packets - Ayrault, N.-Bancroft, 1641-1880. Film number: 007627756 > image 193 of 1519. FamilySearch Image: 3QSQ-G92L-49PH (accessed 23 December 2022).
  8. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 158.
  9. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 168.
  10. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 176.
  11. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 172.
  12. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 182.
  13. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 29.
  14. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 33.
  15. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 39.
  16. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 40.
  17. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 54.
  18. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 134.
  19. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 169.
  20. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 173.
  21. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 167.
  22. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 175.
  23. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 181.
  24. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 187.
  25. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 194.
  26. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 205.
  27. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 150.
  28. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 23.
  29. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 37.
  30. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 12.
  31. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part II (1918): page 151.
  32. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 25.
  33. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): Page 34
  34. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 48.
  35. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part III (1921): page 56.
  36. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 190.
  37. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 198.
  38. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 210.
  39. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 231.
  40. Drury. The Parish Register of Sheffield, part I (1917): page 248.
  41. NEHGR, vol. 143 no. 1 (January 1989): page 24.
  42. Caulkins. History of Norwich, Connecticut. (1845): page 96.
  43. Hinman. Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut... (1852): page 96.
  44. Savage. Genealogical Dictionary of New England, vol. 1 (1860): page 89.
  45. Perkins. Old Families of Norwich, Connecticut (Norwich, Connecticut, 1900): vol. 1, pt. 1., Page 7.
  46. Jacobus. The Granberry Family and Allied Families. (1945): pages 192-194.
Source list:
  • The American Genealogist, vol. 27 no. 3 (July 1951): 161-185, see p. 165. "The Four Spencer Brothers," by Donald Lines Jacobus.
  • Backus, Mary Elizabeth Neilson, The New England Ancestry of Dana Converse Backus. (Salem, Massachusetts: 1949.): page 2-5.
  • The Bingham Association website. The Bingham Family in the United States. The Descendants of Thomas Bingham of Connecticut. Copyright © 1996. [1]
  • Bingham, Everett F., "William Backus of Sheffield, Yorkshire, and Norwich, Connecticut" in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 142 no.3 (July 1988): pages 253-254. AmericanAncestors.org Link
  • Bingham, Richard C., "Fenton Records in Sheffield, Yorkshire," in New England Historical and Genealogical Register vol. 153 no. 4 (Oct 1999): page 499. Available at AmericanAncestors.org
  • Caulkins, Frances Manwaring. History of Norwich, Connecticut: From Its Settlement in 1660, to January 1845. (Norwich, 1845): page 96.
  • Drury, Charles and T. Walter Hall eds. The Parish Register of Sheffield in the County of York, part I (Yorkshire Parish Register Society vol. 59, 1917): Sarah page 158; Mary page 168; William page 176.
  • Drury, Charles and T. Walter Hall eds. The Parish Register of Sheffield in the County of York, part II (Yorkshire Parish Register Society vol. 60, 1918): Infant page 150; Lydia page 172; Stephen page 182.
  • Drury, Charles and T. Walter Hall eds. The Parish Register of Sheffield in the County of York, part III (Yorkshire Parish Register Society vol. 68, 1921): Infant page 23; Elizabeth page 37.
  • Hinman, Royal Ralph. A Catalogue of the Names of the Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut... (Hartford, 1852): page 96.
  • Jacobus, Donald Lines, "Backus Correction," in The American Genealogist vol. 14 no. 2 (April 1938): page 242.
  • Jacobus, Donald Lines, The Granberry Family and Allied Families. (Hartford, 1945.): page 163.
  • New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 143 no. 1 (January 1989): page 24. Genealogical Notes: Ann Fenton, wife of William Backus, by Everett F. Bingham.
  • Savage, James. A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England,, vol. 1 (Boston, 1860): page 89.
  • Torrey, Clarence Almon, New England Marriages Prior to 1700. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1985.): page 29.




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Comments: 30

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Added PGM Project as co-manager. Please continue to manage normally.
posted by S (Hill) Willson
Please correct - Old Saybrook (Saybrook) is not in New London County - it is in Middlesex County.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Carol Sterling
Saybrook is in Middlesex County now, however it spent many years as part of New London County (1666-1785) and before that until 1666 there were no counties in Conn. so I've changed the profile to reflect that.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Anne B
Backus-398 and Backus-86 appear to represent the same person because: Seeking to finalize an old unmerged match. Retain data and text from higher number. Thank you.
posted by Jillaine Smith
An inordinate number of profile managers. If you're not actively researching, please consider placing yourself on the trusted list instead. Thank you.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Cheryl (Aldrich) Skordahl
Question to PGM Team: Jacobus (TAG 28:56 https://www.americanancestors.org/DB283/i/11864/56/0 which is 1952) gives Lydia here listed as daughter who married John Bailey as the granddaughter of William Backus. Is this in error or is a generation missing? On the profile of Lydia the father is marked Uncertain.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by T Stanton
I think you are looking at it wrong. The article says the granddaughter of William Backus was Elizabeth Bailey, daughter of John Bailey and Lydia Backus. So, William Backus - Lydia Backus - Lydia Bailey (wife of Nathaniel Spencer).
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Joe Cochoit
Claire; Backhouse-227 was, at some point, merged into Backus-398, so yes, what you're seeing is a ghost.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Jillaine Smith
Shade? Ghost? Glitch? Backus-398 showing up on my GEDCOMpare as Backhouse-227, but links to Backus-398.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Claire (Chapel) Nava
I think we would need for information to know. I added the record to the parish extracts at the bottom of the profile. Let me know if I missed any others.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Joe Cochoit
The Parish Register of Sheffield, Part III, p. 12, has:

[1637/38:] Januar' xiiijº Anna Backhouse vid' (widow)

Might this be William's mother?

posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Patrick Griffith
I have posted a response to Joe Cochoit's previous question on William's parents in the G2G thread here.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by P Małysz
William Backhouse of Green Hammerton as the father is addressed in the profile. He is not proven or accepted as the father of William Backus of Sheffield, York and of Norwich, Connecticut.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Joe Cochoit
G2g's BEST ANSWER ... William's father was William Backhouse Sr, he resided in Green Hammerton, near York just a few miles from my residence. The Green Hammerton Parish records show he was married to Sarah Gardiner, they also show the baptism of William the immigrant. I have a detailed plot map of Whixley Church yard and there are several of the Backhouse family buried there, I have a copy of William's cutler aapprenticeship record and also details from the parish records listing all th children including those ho died in infancy. At the time of leaving England, many with the surname change th spelling to that of Backus, mainly because it was the time sanitation was introduced to houses...in England it was called the outhouse in America it was known a the backhousee ....
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Paul Lee
Patricia, that source is more than 100 years out of date. Please see the modern research articles already referenced on the profile.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Joe Cochoit
Little is known of the history of William Backus, Sr. He is supposed to have lived in Saybrook as early as 1637. In the settlement of the estate of John Chalres, who died at Branford in 1673, the children of William Backus received a share in the right of their deceased mother, who was his daughter. From this fact is is ascertained that the first wife of William Backus was Sarah, daughter of John Charles.

Before removing to Norwich he married Mrs. Anne Bingham, and brought with him to the new settlement three daughters, two sons and his wife's son, Thomas Bingham (the three daughters were united in marriage to John Reynolds, Benjamin Crane and John Bayley).

Extracted from History of New London County, Connecticut, With Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men. Compiled Under the Supervision of D. Hamilton Hurd, J.W. Lewis & Co., Philadelphia, 1882 Press of J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, chap XXVIII, pgs 348-374

posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Patricia (Long) Kent
Disconnecting unproven parents. If anyone has evidence as to his parents, please post in the G2G thread. Thank you.
posted on Backus-398 (merged) by Joe Cochoit

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