Elizabeth (Tyllye) Nuthall (1628 - 1657)

Born May 1628 in North Nibley, Gloucestershire, England

Ancestors

Wife of John Holloway — married 1642 (to 1643) in England

Wife of John Nuthall — married 1643 in Northampton, Virginia

Descendants

Died Sep 1657 at age 29 in Shoreditch, Middlesex, England

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Biography

Elizabeth (Tyllye) Nuthall resided in the Southern Colonies in North America before 1776. Join: US Southern Colonies Project Discuss: southern_colonies

Elizabeth was a Virginia colonist.

Preface

Earlier researchers based on the materials available to them at the time incorrectly identified Elizabeth as being born in 1609 into the Bacon family and that she arrived on the Ship Safety in 1635 as Elizabeth Holloway. ^[1] Recent investigation of court records and other sources indicate this to be incorrect. See Research Notes below.

Please note that the surname Tyllye has many spelling variations, including Tylley, Tilley, Tulley, and Tally are found in numerous primary records found in Northampton County, Virginia and in various locations in England including London.

Birth

Elizabeth was born in 1628 as she stated she was 26 years old in a deposition taken on 28 August 1654. ^{[2] [3]}

She was baptized on 1 June 1628 in St. Martin's Church, North Nibley, Gloucestershire, England. ^[4] Her parents were John and Avis nee' Parsons Tyllye. ^[5] John was related to Robert and he the father of John Tylley [Tilney-159].

Immigration

Nathan Martin for some reason was granted a headright for transporting 10 people who had been transported by others, including Benjamin Carrall (Carroll, Carrill). These 10 included John Holloway (1614-bef.1643) and Elizabeth Talley. Martin received his headright for this on 31 May 1636. ^[6]

Benjamin Carrill continued to live near Henricus, Virginia as on 13 June 1636 he witnessed a land transfer from John Baugh to William Cooke and Richard Carpenter.^[7] He perhaps went back to England and then returned to Virginia in about 1638, this time a little closer to Jamestown and perhaps better safety. He transported Elizabeth, his wife; Henry Carrill; Elizabeth Talley and others for a total of 12 persons and received a headright of 700 acres, later known as Dancing Point ^[8], in James City County (now Charles City county) on 16 May 1638. ^{[9] [10]}

One reason for Elizabeth Tylley becoming a ward of Carrill is that one or both of her parents may have died and she was given to Carrill, a family member or close friend. It is possible that Carrall was of one of the Carroll (spelling variations) families who attended St. Leonard's Church, Shoreditch, London, England, along with the Tilley, Parsons, Holloway and Nuthall families.^[11] However, no details have been found. London was besieged by plague in 1636 which may account for Elizabeth becoming part of Carrall's family. Elizabeth may be listed in Carrall's Last Will and Testament or in the escheat proceedings, both of which have not been found to date and may no longer exist due to fires in the colonial courts.

Searching online for both Benjamin Carrall and Elizabeth Talley (with spelling variations for each) in Virginia and Maryland records did not result in any more information other than the land patents already mentioned. However a few records from James City/James Cities County, Virginia were found that mention Carrall pertaining to his Dancing Point property going into escheat.^{[12] [13]}

John Holloway subsequently transported John Tylley (later known as John Tilney (abt.1618-bef.1701) )^[14], Elizabeth's first cousin. He is is mentioned several times in relation to John Holloway , including John Holloway's Will indicating their special relationship.

Marriage

John Holloway

Elizabeth married John Holloway (chirurgion/surgeon) before March 1643 at Northampton County, Virginia, as their daughter, Priscilla was born 10 December 1643. ^[15]

The exact date and place of John's marriage to Elizabeth remain unknown. However, from one court record dated 10 April 1644, in which John Rozier (minister of Hungars Creek Church) was awarded 3£ 2s from the estate of John Holloway for marriage and funeral fees, one can conclude that they were married in the Hungars Creek area.^[16]

As his wife, she was named as executrix in John Holloway's will on 25 August 1643 at Northampton Count, Virginia. Also, Elizabeth was named in her husband's estate settlement on 9 September 1643 at Northampton Co, VA. It was on this date that the estate of John Holloway's Will was probated. (Notes: John Nuthall married the executrix and subsequently he was given custody of the estate of Priscilla Holloway orphan.) ^[17]

Children

The only surviving child of this marriage was Priscilla Holloway, born 10 December 1643/4 in Northampton County, Virginia.^[18]

That John Holloway had only a single surviving child, born after his death, is inferred from his will, dated 25 August 1643 and recorded in Northampton County, 9 September 1643. She was the wife of William STEVENS, a boatwright (ship builder). She may have been given the name Priscilla in honor of John Holloway's mother – the typical naming pattern for the English during this time.^[19]

John Holloway may have had children born prior to Priscilla who were given real and or monetary property prior to his death and he so he didn't feel the need to include them in his will.

John Nuthall

Elizabeth married John Nuthall after 10 December 1643/4 (the birth of John Holloway and Elizabeth's daughter, Priscilla [Holloway-257] likely in the area of Hungars Creek. If John Nuthall had married Elizabeth prior to Priscilla's birth, she would have been known as a Nuthall but records show her as Priscilla Holloway. ^[20] By 7 January 1644/45 Elizabeth was known as his wife whom he had transported and received a headright.<Nugent> The exact date has not been determined but it was before 7 January 1644/45 at when a certificate was granted to Mr. John Nuthall for 250 acres of land for transporting Mr. John Nuthall, Elizabeth his wife, John Tolson and John Evers. ^[21] Some researchers state that her marriage occurred in January 1644. It took some time for land grants to be awarded after the transportation occurred so it is likely that the marriage occurred in late 1643/44.

Children

Elizabeth and John had four children ^[22]:

John Nuthall Jr. born 1647^[23] and died 1714^[24]

Eleanor Nuthall born 1645 ^[25], married Thomas Sprigg (1630-1704) ^[26], died 1696 ^[27]

James Nuthall born about 1651^[28]

Elias Nuthall born about 1653^[29]

Residences

As a young child, Elizabeth lived in North Nibley, Gloucestershire and then Shoreditch, London, England.^[30]

For a brief time, she lived along the James River in Virginia with the Carroll family. It is unknown whether she returned to Shoreditch or if she remained living on the western shore of Virginia until her marriage to John Holloway in the area of Hungars Creek.

John and Elizabeth lived on the southside and at the northeastern end of Hungars Creek, near Bridgetown, the oldest continuously inhabited village on the Eastern Shore. At first this area was known as Nassawadox (the Accawmack Native American tribe ^[31] word meaning a “stream between 2 streams" because Hungars Creek is located between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. When a bridge was built over Hungars Creek the village became known as Bridgetown. This area was originally in Accomack County (Shire) which became Northampton County in 1642 and one of the original 8 shires of Virginia. ^[32]

Their home, which measured about 25' in length, and outbuildings are gone to the ravages of time and tide as they were likely constructed of wood. ^[33] Because of the unusually large size, the home would also have served as John's doctor's office and hospital. ^[34] Today, two streets, Holloway Drive and Stevens Circle, are located in part of what was once John's land, in the area known as Harmontown. One home is situated on each, 11165 Holloway Drive, built in 2006 and 11220 Stevens Circle, built in 1795. These two parcels of land are owned by the same couple and are adjacent. ^[35]

As the newly-wed wife of John Holloway, she lived along Hungars Creek, Northampton, Virginia. John's land is shown as N55 in the Eastern Shore of Virginia website. ^[36] After his death, she likely continued to live there until her death.

John Nuthall lived nearby so she didn't have to move very far after her marriage to him. His land is shown as N57 on the Lokenbauer map.

According to John's will, he bequeathed his "estate" in England to Elizabeth. Unfortunately, a description of its location and size or records connecting Elizabeth to any estate in England after John's death have not been found.

Religion

Elizabeth and both of her husbands were among the early worshipers with Hungars Church (originally Church of England and now Episcopalian). Rev. William Cotton became it's first minister in 1632.^[37] On 14 September 1635, Rev. Cotton petitioned the court in James City for the building of a parsonage and appointed the first Vestry. The church was built between this time and May 1636 as extrapolated from the following: “At a vestry holden at Acchawmach this 20th day of May 1636, Having taken into account the remote living of the members of the Parish from the church, It is agreed that all such persons as live at the Old Plantation from the land of Mrs. Graves unto ……. The head of the old plantation creek that they shall cause bodies to be buried on one part of the land of Wm. Blower where Wm. Berryman liveth and likewise that they give notice unto the minister and provide convenient means for his coming there to bury the dead.” ^{[38] [39]} Prior to the church building, worship was conducted in the homes of members. It is now part of Hungars Cure Parish. ^[40] The current building is located about .2 miles east of the center of Bridgetown at 10107 Bayside Road. ^[41]

Wealth

Status was important in Accomack-Northampton and many achieved a level greater than what they could have had if they remained in England. “Despite its geographic obscurity and cultural backwardness relative to the metropole of London, the county’s residents created their own local hierarchy based on material wealth, community connections, and influence with “worthies” back home.^[42]

It is unknown if Elizabeth had any wealth as a single woman. Since she was only about 15 when she married John Holloway, any wealth would likely have been given to her by her elders. However, after John Holloway's death, she gained his corn and tobacco crops, a servant named Edward Reevs, other “goods, Chattles, Swine, etc. whatsoever else I stand now possesss’d of (only my Land excepted).” ^[43] “As a New World widow, Elizabeth received a “more generous legacy” than widows in England.” And as John Nuthall's wife, her wealth and standing increased. However, John Nuthall also benefited from the marriage as he claimed her 'value' when he married her. It was customary for the second husband to use his wife’s property as he chose, although he could not sell it without her consent. ^[44]

Court Records

A court proceeding involving Elizabeth occurred on 3 November 1651. She and her husband John Nuthall appeared in the county court to address the false accusation of adultery made by Bess Gaskins the previous summer ^[45] They were preparing to go to England and did not want this accusation to negatively influence their reception and business in London. Gaskins was found guilty, punished, and a court document issued to Elizabeth and John which exonerated Elizabeth.^[46]

As mentioned above, Elizabeth gave a deposition regarding the will of Elizabeth Turner, orphan, to brother Phillipp Taylor on 28 August 1654. ^{[47] [48]}

Education

It is unknown whether Elizabeth had any formal education. She signed her 1654 deposition with an X. ^[47]

Occupation

In addition to being a wife, mother and homemaker with the help of several servants, Elizabeth's home was a congregation point for her neighbors. Court records indicate that Elizabeth tended the sick, skills she likely learned while the wife of John Holloway. ^[49] Additionally, she traded goods and tended to day-laborers and those passing-by. After John Nuthall was appointed to the Northampton County Commissioners in 1653, it is likely that she entertained members of that esteemed group.^[50]

Death

John Nuthall married Jane nee' Larrimore Johnson on 12 September 1660^[51], so Elizabeth died between August 1654 when she gave a court deposition and before 12 September 1660 when John married Jane Johnson. The year is likely closer to 1654 as Elias evidently was given to someone in Virginia as a servant for his upbringing.^[52] John likely felt ill-equipped to raise a very young child. It was not unusual for father's in similar situations during this time in the Colonies to employ this practice. One example occurred with John, Philip and Susannah the children of William Cecil (c. 1665-1749) who were given to Mareen Duvall to raise.^[53]

In fact, she died in September 1657 and was buried 16 September 1657 in section 1, 2nd row of the churchyard of St. Leonard's in Shoreditch, Middlesex, England {London} ^[54] Members of the Nuttall, Holloway, Tilley and many more associated families were living in Shoreditch at the time.^[55] She and John made multiple trips to London, England. Elizabeth may have died of plague, typhus, malaria, smallpox, consumption, tuberculosis, or flu which still waged in Europe and England. In 1657 4 deaths were attributed to plague, 56 to typhus (called "spotted fever and purples," 835 to smallpox, 997 to fever and 2,757 to consumption.^[56]

Research Notes

Not Born a Bacon

There is no proof that her birth surname was BACON. This was likely a carryover by earlier researchers who believed her to be a Kingsmill descendant, which has now been disproved. ^[57]

Regarding this Elizabeth nee' Kingsmill Bacon: Here lyeth the body of Elizabeth, the wife of the Honorable Nathaniel Bacon, Esq., who departed this life the second day of November One Thousand Six Hundred and Ninety-One, in the Sixty-Second year of her age." This tomb was brought from King's Creek, James River, at request of Rev. N. A. Okeson, D. D. Elizabeth Bacon was the wife of Col. Nathaniel Bacon. He was President of the Virginia Council and a cousin of young Nathaniel Bacon, the patriot of 1675. She was a daughter of Richard Kingswell [Kingsmill], gent, and was married first to Capt. William Taylor, also member of Virginia Council.

Also, Doliante, stated that she was NOT the daughter of James and Martha (Woodward) Bacon^[58]

There was one Elizabeth Bacon who lived in Accomack and Northampton counties at the same time as Elizabeth Holloway. However, she was the servant/consort of John Little and her surname was recorded as Bacon in a 1647 court document ^[59] which was several years after the marriage of Elizabeth to John Nuthall.

A search for Bacon and Nuthall using William Brown's (brother of PM Beth Golden) FTDNA kit results in one Bacon but four that include both surnames. This reflects the nature of searching in FTDNA and Ancestry.com based on surnames, as the family tree associated with the sole Bacon result has the incorrect Kingsmill lineage for Elizabeth. The small number of matches also shows how autosomal DNA becomes diluted over time and will not reflect all who share the same ancestors hundreds of years ago. That being said, the centimorgans and longest block length are: 39|17, 42|11, 41|11 and 28|10.

Using the above centimorgan range a search for Bacon at Ancestry.com results in 6 matches. Of these, four relate to other Bacon families but have relationships with the Brown family through other surnames and the remaining two do not have public trees in order to compare surnames.

Born a Tyllye

Briefly, the rationale for accepting this as Elizabeth was born to John and Avis Tyllye:

John Tylley was baptized in St. Martin's Church, North Nibley on 20 September 1622, son of Robert, making him Elizabeth's first cousin.

John Tylley (later known in Virginia as John Tilney) was transported by John Holloway and was his close friend.

John Holloway was also baptized in St. Martin's Church on 28 August 1614.

A preponderance of evidence found during extensive research of online primary sources for London, indicate that the Tyllye and Holloway (spelling variations) families, along with numerous associated families (including Dale, Throckmorton, Bedle, Tyndale (Tindale), Smyth (Smith), Parsons and Carroll were neighbors in North Nibley and Aldgate Within and Without, and Shoreditch, London, prior to moving to Virginia. Additionally, the Nuthall family lived in Shoreditch and Aldgate Within and Without.

Elizabeth Talley was transported by Benjamin Carrall along with 3 others including John Holloway.

Elizabeth and John Holloway's daughter was named Priscilla. It may be that the granddaughter of Elizabeth's first cousin, John Tilney (abt.1618-bef.1701) was also named Priscilla. She being the daughter John Tilney's daughter, Elizabeth. ^{[60] [61] [62]} Some researchers claim that Elizabeth Tilney was a daughter of John Tilney and married John Eyre, but this appears not to be documented with primary sources. Also, John Eyre, an ironmonger, wrote his Will in 1680,^[63] placing the Eyre family in the general vicinity of North Nibley.

John Holloway, Elizabeth’s first husband had a special relationship with Lady/Dame Dale. Elizabeth Dale’s sister was Precilla. She was born about 1576 in Tortworth, Gloucestershire, England (near North Nibley); married Sir Nathaniel Whealeigh (Wheatleigh/Wheatley); and died after April 15, 1630 in Somerset, England. Sir Whealeigh was born about 1571 in Tingsboro, Somerset, England (Tingsboro, Somerset might be an historical location as it seems to no longer exist) and died about 1620 in Somerset, England.^[64] In Precilla’s Will, dated 30 April 1630, she gave Lady Dale her wedding ring among other items indicating a close relationship.^[65] It may be that Elizabeth Holloway, a widow when Priscilla was born, knew of affection between John and Lady/Dame Elizabeth nee’ Throckmorton Dale and named their daughter Precilla/Priscilla. No records showing a direct relationship of the Throckmorton family to Elizabeth Tyllye Holloway or John Holloway have been located.

Lady/Dame Dale's relative was Robert Throckmorton who married Alice Bedle. Robert and family are buried in St. Leonard's Church, Shoreditch, London, connecting them with the Holloway, Tilley, Parsons and associated families. Holloway listed John Bedle, his servant^[66] and apparently a close friend, in his Will immediately following his bequest to his Elizabeth and their unborn child.

In addition to the citations already listed in this profile, information was obtained from:

Parish of St. Botolph Without Aldersgate, a Statement of All Charities Connected With the Parish, a Return of Parish Estates March, 1865 (1874) MyHeritage.com [online database], MyHeritage Ltd. https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-62818/parish-of-st-botolph-without-aldersgate-a-statement-of-all p. 25

Locating London's Past https://www.locatinglondon.org/

Chitting, Henry. The visitation of the county of Gloucester, taken in the year 1623; London, 1885 https://archive.org/details/visitationofcoun00inchit/page/164/mode/2up?q=Throgmorton

Numerous records were retrieved from Internet Archive; JSTOR; Maryland State Archives; Archives of Maryland Online; British National Archives; London Metropolitan Library; FreeReg; British History Online and Academia.

Research specifics which further elucidate the above are included in Beth (Brown) Golden's Elizabeth Tyllye Holloway Nuthall: A Gentlewoman of North Nibley, England and Hungars Creek, Virginia, a 4 volume account of Elizabeth and her two husbands. It will be published soon and will be available upon request for non-commercial use only.

Sources

See also:

• Jensen, James Edward. Student Article, JOHN HOLLOWAY: AN EASTERN SHORE PHYSICIAN; Biographies, Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland, undated. Mr. Jensen wrote this article several years ago as a student project at Salisbury University. It is well-documented, however, Jensen was confused by two men named John Holloway. One settled in New England and died there. Jensen thought that he was the same as the John Holloway of Accomack. From this error, he concluded that John was a Puritan. Unfortunately, it is no longer available online. If you'd like a pdf copy please contact Beth Golden (Brown-18795)

• Main, Gloria L. (1982). Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Although the research covers Maryland during the years 1650-1720, Main provides in-depth descriptions of life along the Chesapeake Bay. https://archive.org/stream/tobaccocolonylif0000main

• Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813

Sources

1. ↑ Public Records Office Class E 157/20, ff.56-56v, 10 August 1635 - The Register of passengers leaving the Port of London and licenses to pass beyond the sea (Christmas 1634 - Christmas 1635). Exchequer; King's Remembrancer class, list of records II, p.151. Transcribed by Hotten, John Camden. The Original Lists of Persons of Quality... https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Original_Lists_of_Persons_of_Quality/B414AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Safety
2. ↑ Virginia Court Records, 1654 Deposition; Northampton County (Virginia). County Clerk (Main Author); IV Orders, deeds & wills, no. 4, 1651-1654 (Includes marks of cattle, 1665-1706/7.) -- V Orders, deeds & wills, no. 5, 1654-1655 (Includes marks of cattle, 1707-1742.) (Nos. 4-5 are photostats of original records.) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-Y785?cat=370362
3. ↑ Marshall, James Handley, Northampton Co, VA, Abstracts of Wills & Administrations, 1632-1802, Picton Press, 1994p. 37 (will of Elizabeth Turner, orphan, to brother Phillipp Taylor).
4. ↑ Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813
5. ↑ Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813
6. ↑ Nugent, p. 41
7. ↑ Nugent, Patent Book 1, Part 1 p. 64
8. ↑ Dancing Point, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service; DHR#018-5108; 26 February 2016
9. ↑ Nugent, p. 88
10. ↑ Foley, Louise Pledge Heath. Early Virginia Families Along the James River: Their Deep Roots & Tangled Branches, Henrico County & Goochland County Virginia, Volume 1; Baltimore, Clearfield Press, 2002
11. ↑ Alan H. compiler. St Leonard Shoreditch Parish Registers 1558-1640: London Guildhall Library MSS 7493 (baptisms and marriages) and 7499/1 (burials): approx. 11,000 baptisms, 4,500 marriages, 17,000 burials https://ahnelson.berkeley.edu/PARISH/Leonard.html
12. ↑ Foley, p. 68
13. ↑ Torrence, Clarence, comp. Virginia wills and administrations, 1632-1800 https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/564542-redirection
14. ↑ Nugent, p. 123
15. ↑ Northampton County, Virginia, Orders, Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland. Microfilm Reel# 4, page 84; Order, 1654 – 1655; Priscilla Holloway birth.
16. ↑ Ames, Susie M. County Court Records of Accomack- Northampton, Virginia, 1632-1640 and 1640-1645 https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/406818?availability=Family%20History%20Library and https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/96913?availability=Family%20History%20Library p. 357
17. ↑ Marshall, p. 14
18. ↑ Northampton County, Virginia, Orders, Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland. Microfilm Reel# 4, Order, 1654 – 1655, page 84
19. ↑ Northampton County Orders, Deeds, Wills, no. 4, 1651-54, p. 46
20. ↑ Accomack-Northampton court records. vol. 5, p. 84
21. ↑ Susie M. Ames, Accomack-Northampton County, Virginia, Court Records, 1640-1645, p. 398 (7 Jan 1644/45 Court).
22. ↑ Doliante, Sharon J., p. 429
23. ↑ http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~codd/genealogy/nuthall9.14.pdf, page 7
24. ↑ Maryland, Calendar of Wills, 1635-1743, Volume: IV, Wills from 1713 to 1720
25. ↑ Mackenzie, George Norbury, and Nelson Osgood Rhoades, editors. Colonial Families of the United States of America: in Which is Given the History, Genealogy and Armorial Bearings of Colonial Families Who Settled in the American Colonies From the Time of the Settlement of Jamestown, 13th May, 1607, to the Battle of Lexington, 19th April, 1775 7 volumes. 1912. Reprinted, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1966, 1995.
26. ↑ Monnette, Orra Eugene. Monnet family genealogy : an emphasis of a noble Huguenot heritage, somewhat of the first immigrants Isaac and Pierre Monnet being a presentation of those in America bearing the name as variously spelled, Monet, Monete, Monett, Monette, Monnet, Monnett, Monnete, Monnette, Monay, Maunay, Money, Monie, Monnie, Monat, Monatt, Manett, Mannett, Munnitt, Munnett, Manee, Maney, Amonnet, Amonet, etc., with complete genealogies of the main lines : including the history of la noble maison de Monet de la Marck, seigneurs et barons, from the year 1632 : the genealogy of seigneurs de Monnet, la Maison de Salins, from the year 1184 : and containing short accounts of certain of the Pillot, Nuthall, Sprigg, Hillary, Mariarte, Crabb, Williams, Osborn, Burrell, Hellen, Lake and Bird, Caldwell, Slagle, Reichelsdörfer, Hagenbuch, Schissler, Braucher, Wayland, Wilhoit, Kinnear, Hull, Ludwig, Lutz, et al., families Los Angeles, Calif.: C.E. Bireley, 1911.
27. ↑ Mackenzie
28. ↑ Doliante, p. 428-429
29. ↑ Doliante, pp. 428-429
30. ↑ Nelson, Alan H. compiler. St Leonard Shoreditch Parish Registers 1558-1640: London Guildhall Library MSS 7493 (baptisms and marriages) and 7499/1 (burials): approx. 11,000 baptisms, 4,500 marriages, 17,000 burials https://ahnelson.berkeley.edu/PARISH/Leonard.html
31. ↑ Chief Debedeavon and history of the Accawmack. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debedeavon
32. ↑ Accomac Shire, Virginia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accomac_Shire
33. ↑ Dames and Moore
34. ↑ Early Chesapeake Sites http://www.chesapeakearchaeology.org/Index.aspx
35. ↑ https://www.co.northampton.va.us/government/open_government/maps
36. ↑ http://www.esva.net/ghotes/nhmaps/topplot.htm#N55 “The Index and maps were created by Jim Lokenbauer (1999). The maps are laid off in numbered sections, that correspond to the sections used by Whitelaw.”
37. ↑ Bowler, Clara Ann. “The Litigious Career of William Cotton, Minister.” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 86, no. 3, 1978, pp. 281–294. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4248227?seq=1
38. ↑ Northampton Order Book 1, 1632-40 page 73
39. ↑ Hungars Church https://www.hungarschurch.net/
40. ↑ Hungars Cure https://www.hungarscure.org/hungars-episcopal-church
41. ↑ VA Historic Register https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/065-0012
42. ↑ Eisel, Dr. Christine. "SEVERAL UNHANDSOME WORDS: THE POLITICS OF GOSSIP IN EARLY VIRGINIA.” Dissertation, Graduate College of Bowling Green State University; May 2012 https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=bgsu1332788117&disposition=inline p. 56
43. ↑ Ames, Accomack-Northampton Court Records, 1640-1645, 10, pp. 302-304
44. ↑ Eisel, p. 75
45. ↑ Walczyk, Frank. Northampton County VA Orders, Deeds & Wills 1651-1654, Northampton County Deeds, Wills, Etc., No. 4, 1651 – 1654, microfilm reel 3 (available at Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va), p46
46. ↑ Eisel, pp. 56-59
47. ↑ ^{47.0 47.1} Virginia Court Records, 1654 Deposition; Northampton County (Virginia). County Clerk (Main Author); IV Orders, deeds & wills, no. 4, 1651-1654 (Includes marks of cattle, 1665-1706/7.) -- V Orders, deeds & wills, no. 5, 1654-1655 (Includes marks of cattle, 1707-1742.) (Nos. 4-5 are photostats of original records.) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-Y785?cat=370362
48. ↑ Marshall, p. 37
49. ↑ Ames, p. 149-150, 156
50. ↑ Eisel, pp. 69-71
51. ↑ Marshall, p. 64 (Hungars Parish Church Records
52. ↑ Doliante, pp. 428-429
53. ↑ Arthur Bond Cecil, William Cecil of Prince George's County, Maryland, and some of his descendants, 1665-1949 (Los Angeles, CA: 1949), 277; https://archive.org/details/williamcecilofpr00ceci
54. ↑ "England, Middlesex Parish Registers, 1539-1988", database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:DFXC-N63Z : 11 November 2020), John Nuttell in entry for Elizabeth, 1657
55. ↑ Nelson, Alan H. compiler. St Leonard Shoreditch Parish Registers 1558-1640: London Guildhall Library MSS 7493 (baptisms and marriages) and 7499/1 (burials): approx. 11,000 baptisms, 4,500 marriages, 17,000 burials https://ahnelson.berkeley.edu/PARISH/Leonard.html
56. ↑ Appleby, Andrew B. “Nutrition and Disease: The Case of London, 1550-1750.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 6, no. 1, 1975, pp. 1–22. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/202822. Accessed 15 July 2021
57. ↑ See W. Randolph Tayloe, The Tayloes of Virginia and Allied Families, by W. Randolph Tayloe (Berryville, Virginia: 1963); Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, Virginia Genealogies - A Genealogy of the Glassell Family, (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1966), p.86; Virginia Lee Hutcheson Davis, "Kingsmill on the James River, James City County," Tidewater Virginia Families, Vol. 5, No. 2, August/September 1996, p.83-85; Virginia Land Register, Vol. 1, p.600; "Historical and Genealogical Notes," William and Mary College Quarterly, Vol. 6 (1897), p.125; George McCue, The Octagon, by George McCue (American Institute of Architects Foundation, Washington D.C., 1976), p.9; Genealogy of the Virginia Family of Lomax by one of the Seventh Generation in the Direct Line (1913) p.49; Roberta Love Tayloe, Return to Powhatan - Growing up in Old Virginia, (1985) p.5; Peter Wilson Coldham, English Estates of American Colonists - American Wills and Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury: 1610-1699 (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1980), p.57; Malcolm Hart Harris, Old New Kent County, Virginia, King William County, St. John's Parish (1977), p. 422; Lt. Col. James W. Doyle, Jr., "Saint Stephen's Parish, King and Queen County, James Madison and the Bill of Rights," Tidewater Virginia Families, Vol. 5, No. 1, May/Jun 1996, pp. 9-17; Lt. Col. James W. Doyle, Jr., "The Mayflower Comes to Virginia: 1633," Tidewater Virginia Families, Vol. 3, No. 4, Feb/Mar 1995, pp. 208 - 216; and Nell Marion Nugent, Cavaliers and Pioneers (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1983), vol. I.
58. ↑ Doliante, Sharon J. Maryland and Virginia Colonials: Genealogies of Some Colonial Families, 1998, page 3.
59. ↑ http://espl-genealogy.org/MilesFiles/site/p1173.htm#c117242.1
60. ↑ Robert Irving Upshur & Thomas Teackel Upshur IV, Upshur Family in Virginia, 2nd Edition.
61. ↑ James Handley Marshall, Northampton Co, VA, Abstracts of Wills & Administrations, 1632-1802, p. 224 (will of John Eyre, son-in-law Samuel Burton).
62. ↑ http://espl-genealogy.org/MilesFiles/site/p667.htm#i66619
63. ↑ https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D710014
64. ↑ Precilla Wheatleigh profile, Geni.com https://www.geni.com/people/Precilla-Wheatleigh/6000000028447581711
65. ↑ Wheatly, Hannibal. Genealogy of the Wheatley or Wheatleigh family. A history of the family in England and America; Farmington, N.H. : E.H. Thomas, 1902 https://archive.org/details/genealogyofwheat00whea/page/14/mode/2up
66. ↑ Accomack-Northampton county court records