Sarah was directly descended from the Immigrant Richard Bailey, and married Whitefield Bailey, who was directly descended from the brother of Richard Bailey i.e. the Immigrant James Bailey. This is the first known intermarriage of these two important Bailey lines. Sarah and her husband Whitefield were fifth cousins through their Bailey ancestry.
Thus, Sarah was a Bailey at birth and her married name was also Bailey.
Sources
GEDCOM S839 File F
"The Descendents of James Bailey & Lydia Emery Bailey of Rowley, Massachusetts compiled by Donna Beers"
Vermont, Vital Records, 1760-1954," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XFNL-V66 : accessed 28 September 2015), Whitefield Bayley and Sarah Bayley, 10 Sep 1799, Marriage; State Capitol Building, Montpelier; FHL microfilm 27,473.
"Vermont Vital Records, 1760-1954," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XFNL-V8T : 6 December 2014), Webster Bayley in entry for Sarah Bayley, 19 Apr 1781, Birth; State Capitol Building, Montpelier; FHL microfilm 27,473.
Proceedings of the 10h Annual Bailey-Bayley Family Association, 1904| Page 26
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Sarah by comparing test results with other carriers of her mitochondrial DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA test-takers in the direct maternal line: