Joseph Benham (abt. 1633 - abt. 1703)

Born about 1633 in Dorchester, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Husband of Winifred (King) Benham — married 15 Nov 1656 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts, New England

Descendants

Died about 1703 at about age 70 in Wallingford, New Haven, Connecticut

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Biography

Birth

Date: ABT 1633

Place: Dorchester, Suffolk, Massachusetts^[1][2]

Date: Bef. 1630

Place: It is thought that Joseph was born in England^[3] and came to the colonies possibly as an infant with his father John and elder brother John in 1630. John Sr. settled in Dorchester, Suffolk, Massachusetts. He requested freemanship on 19 Oct 1630, and was admitted 18 May 1631. By 1638, John and his sons had removed to New Haven, CT.^[4]

"John Benham and his sons, John and Joseph, came from Plymouth, England, in the ship "Mary and John," and landed at Nantasket, near Boston, Massachusetts, May 30, 1630."^[1]

"JOHN BENHAM, of Dorchester, probably came in the "Mary and John" 1630; made freeman 1631. By first wife he had Joseph and John. He removed in 1640 to New Haven and married at Boston, as second wife, in 1659, Margery, widow of Thomas Alcock, of Dedham."^[5]

Death

Many secondary sources report his death in 1702, in Wallingford, Connecticut.^[1][6] However, Joseph Benham Jr. died in 1702 and the sources cited are known to be less than reliable. Donald Lines Jacobus, a very reliable source, states his death was in 1703.^[7] Use of a non-specific date frequently indicates a probate record of some kind. The records (not located) are scant, and could be part of the son Joseph's estate.^[8] The same source states that there is reason to believe that Joseph and Winifred died on Staten Island.^[8]

Burial

Place: perhaps (based on his residence in Wallingford) Center Street Cemetery, Wallingford, New Haven, Connecticut

Event

Type: Moved

Date: 1638

Place: New Haven Township, New Haven, CT. Joseph, his father and brother moved from Mass. to found the town of New Haven, Connecticut.^[1]

Type: Moved

Date: 1670

Place: Wallingford, New Haven, Connecticut^[1][6][9]

Type: Moved

Date: 1697

Place: New York. Joseph was among the first settlers of Wallingford in 1670. Apparently after his wife, Winifred's witchcraft trial, they moved the family to New York due to continued suspicions. There is some reason to believe that Joseph and Winifred died on Staten Island. Joseph's estate in Wallingford was divided by agreements made between the heirs in 1727 and 1728. These show that his son John Benham was then resident in Kings County, N.Y., and that the three Benham daughters, Anna, Sarah, and Winifred, with their respective husbands, Lambert Johnson, Jacob Johnson, and Evert Van Namen, were living in Richmond, N.Y. The records of the Dutch church on Staten Island contain mention of their families, and show that Lambert and Anna (Benham) Johnson had a daughter Winifred Baptized in 1696. This was a year before the witchcraft accusation and since the elder Winifred then had a married daughter living on Staten Island, it was probably to this daughter's home that she fled; and some of the younger children either accompanied or followed her.

Marriage

1656 Town Record: Joseph Benham of Newhaven & Winifred King were married 15th--11th month by Richard Bellingham Dept. Govr. (15 Jan 1656/7), in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts^{[10][11][12][13][14][15]}

Children

1. Mary Benham, b. 18 Sep 1657; died young, in New Haven.^[7][16][17]
2. Joseph Benham, Jr., b. 25 May 1659, in New Haven^[7][18][17] d. 1702, Wallingford, New Haven, CT;^[19] m. 17 Aug 1682, Hannah (Merriman) Ives, widow of John Ives, and daughter of Nathaniel and Joan Merriman.^[20][21][6]
3. Sarah Benham, b. 1660; d. 1668, in New Haven.^{[7][22][17][6]}
4. Joanna Benham, b. 25 July 1662, in New Haven. d. young.^[7][23][17] Davis erroneously gives her birth year 1762.^[6]
5. Elizabeth Benham, b. 13 Sep 1664;^[6] d. 1 Aug 1669, in New Haven.^[7].^[24][17]
6. John Benham, b. 28 Dec 1666; d. Nov 1670, in New Haven.^{[7][25][17][6]}
7. Sarah Benham, b. 1668; d. 1668, in New Haven.^{[7] [26] [27][17]} Not listed by Davis.
8. Anna Benham, b. 1669, in New Haven;^[28] m. Lambert Johnson of Staten Isalnd, New York.^[7][29] Not listed bt Davis.
9. John Benham, b. 3 Nov 1671, in Wallingford; rem. to Kings Co., New York.^[7][30][6]
10. Samuel Benham, b. 12 May 1674, in Wallingford; d. young^[7][30] Davis gives birth year as 1673.^[6]
11. Sarah Benham b. 6 Sep 1676;^[7][30][6] m. abt. 1701, Jacob Johnson.
12. James Benham, b. 1679;^[30][7][31] d. abt. 1679;^[6] m. abt. 1702, Ester Preston.
13. Winifred Benham, b. 21 Aug 1684;^[7][30][6] m. Evert Van Naamen of Staten Island, NY.^[7]
14. Elizabeth Benham b. between the two Wallingford Johns. There is no Elizabeth named here by Jacobus, or by Davis.
15. Mary Benham b. 18 May 1673, in Wallingford d. young^[7] 18 May 1683 daughter of Joseph and Hannah, just nine months after their marriage is listed in both the Barbour Collection^[30] and Wallingford Vital Records, 1671-1706, In Land Records, Volume 1^[32] as daughter of Joseph and Hannah and indeed Jacobus has her listed as such on p. 189 of Fam. of Anc. NH. This seem to be an error by Jacobus.

Notes

Joseph's wife and father were not the only ones in the family to run into trouble. Joseph also was regularly in trouble with the Town Council, and it is possible that Joseph may have been a little "wild" in his day. I wonder what they did? By today's standards it was probably minor.

March 23, 1652 [52/3] - "At a Court of Extraordinary, upon a complaint made to the Governor of Sundry youthes in ye town, that had committed much wickedness in a filthy corupting way, one with another, they were called before the Governor and Magistrates viz: Benjamin bunhill, Joshua Bradly, Joseph Benham, William Trogridg, Thomas Tutthill, and Thomas Kimberly, they were examined in a private way, and their examinations taken in writing, which were of such a filthy nature, as is not fitt to be made known in a publique way, after which the Courts were called together and ye youthes before them, their examinations were read and upon their severall confessions, the court being met at the meeting house, upon the day above written, sentenced the youthes above named to be whipt publicquely, and whereas John Clark, servant to Jeremiah Whitnell was charged, and questioned by one of them, for some filthy carriag, he denyed, and another in the same company cleered him from that the other charged him with, thereupon he was not sentenced to be corrected publiqly, but the court left it with his master, to give him that correction in the famoly which came forthe against him hereafter, the Court would call these miscarages charged upon. him, to be made again." https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89067363812;view=1up;seq=189 Dexter, Franklin Bowditch (editor) Ancient Town Records Vol 1. New Haven Town Records 1649-1662. New Haven: New Haven Colony Historical Society, 1917. p. 178/9

From: Gillespie, Charles Bancroft (comp.) and Curtis, George Munson (early history). The Historic Record of Meriden, Connecticut. 1906. p 256-257. Full citation: An historic record and pictorial description of the town of Meriden, Connecticut and men who have made it. Meriden, Conn. Journal publishing co., 1906. p. 254-259. https://archive.org/stream/historicrecordpi00gill#page/n265/mode/2up/search/Benham

When Wallingford was a frontier town of three or four hundred inhabits and New England was almost an unbroken wilderness, when a journey from Hartford to New Haven was an event to be contemplated with concern, and the forests were the abode of wild beasts and savage Indians, it is not surprising that imagination should have been active in conjuring unknown terrors and that the belief in witches, which from time immemorial had been the common heritage the people of all lands, should have been particularly prevalent in the towns New England.

It is difficult in this age of wide education and altruism to understand this superstition, and still harder to realize that Wallingford had its acute attack of this mental phenomenon. Hardly anyone is acquainted with the facts in the case; indeed, the occurrence is barely mentioned in the "History of Wallingford and Meriden," and even then the name of the accused family is given as Denham.

Some facts relating to this case have come to the attention of the writer, and they are sufficiently interesting to be given to the public. It is best to give the names as they appear in the records, because no descendant can possibly object to such a course. It is no disgrace to have had as an ancestor one who was suspected of witchcraft. Three reasons present themselves as probable caused suspected cases of witchcraft. Sometimes it was the unconscious homage which stupidity paid to superior ability, in other cases, the unfortunate martyr was simply a victim of a conjunction of circumstantial evidence, and, again, the results were brought about by the devious and tortuous workings of unprincipled and malicious persons. The unhappy family, which was the center of the witchcraft excitement in Wallingford, was thoroughly respectable, and we can only conjecture as to why it was the victim of this morbid superstition.

However, the witchcraft trials of Connecticut did not result in such tragedies as those of Massachusetts, which culminated in the horrors of Salem in 1692. A list of trials and executions in Connecticut can be found in Orcutt's "History Stratford and Bridgeport", p. 156. New Haven County seems to have escaped without one of these legal murders.

Among the first planters of Wallingford in 1670 was Joseph Benham, son of John Benham, an immigrant at Dorchester, Mass., in 1630. John was undoubtedly the ancestor of all the Benhams in this part of the country. Joseph married in 1657 Winifred King, of Boston, and when the homestead lots were assigned Wallingford in 1670 he received one a little below what is now Center street) the east side of Main street. We know little about Joseph in his relations to his neighbors and townsmen until 1691. He seems then to have had some disagreement with the selectmen which caused him so far to forget himself that he was guilty of some rather strong expressions regarding the fitness of these gentlemen for their official positions. In those days, speaking lightly of dignitaries was not permitted; in fact, our present free and easy manner of criticizing the acts of our public servants would have been looked on with horror and as something not to be tolerated. At the County court held in New Haven June 15, 1691, Joseph Benham was presented for trial. It is better to let the records tell the story in their own quaint phraseology:

"Joseph Benham of Wallingford presented for speaking words in Reproach agt ye townsmen (selectmen) of Wallingford vizt that they were noe more fit for townsmen than Doggs wch was upon ye last tuesday in Aprill and was now proved agt him in Court by 3 witnesses & ye substance of ye accusacon confest by himself for wch he was fined to pay 5s into ye County treasury before ye 1st of Nov. next for his soe traducing & vilifying sd townsmen."

We are not enlightened by the records as to why Joseph so far forgot himself as to make possible so serious a charge and punishment. He may have been a man of violent temper, or he may have been provoked beyond endurance by the acts and gossip of his neighbors and subsequent investigations by the townsmen." It is somewhat difficult to-day to realize the condition under which our ancestors lived in these early Puritan days. To us now it would be intolerable. The organization of each community was aptly described by the old Puritan gibe, "The world belongs to the saints, and we are the saints," and woe betide the poor unfortunate who had fallen under the ban of his fellow church members.

"Considerations of the methods of interpreting Scripture and of theological theories which were in credit will suggest explanations of the morbid vigilance" exercised by every church association. "In those days New England men meant as they professed. Their convictions, covering the whole length and breadth of their creeds, laid a wide basis for imagination and emotion." Everyone felt at liberty to spy upon the acts of his neighbor, and that this was thoroughly done no one will doubt who has made an examination of early church records. What today is considered the act of a scandalmonger and busybody was then felt to be the part of a conscientious man's duty. It can easily be imagined that life in such a community was not pleasant. They were a sturdy lot, and thoroughly lived up to their lights.

The next appearance of Joseph and his family was under decidedly distressing circumstances. Of course, we cannot tell whether this situation was the result of underhanded work of malicious persons, or simply an explosion of the pent-up emotions and morbid imaginations of persons sincerely believing what they reported. Let us again turn to the records:

"At a meeting of ye authority of New Haven, 25th of July, 1692:

Joseph Benham of Wallingford appeared according to summons before ye Authority this day And being Examined upon Complaint and evidence being brought agt him that he had lately threatened to charge his gun with two Bullets & shoot Goody Parker if she come into his house about such matters or things upon wch examination he ye sd Benham Confest ye sd threatning words in pt being as he sd provoked by ye sd Parkers casting some refleccons (in her speech) about witchcraft upon his wife yet not intending mischiefe to sd Parker & blaming himself for his passion & such threatning expressions. The authority having considered ye case & finding (besides his pt Confession) ye sd threatning wds clearlyl proved by 2 witnesses vizt Sarah How Senr & Abigaile Atwater did order ye sd Joseph Benham to acknowledge him selfe & his estate bound in a Recognizance of 50s to ye County treasury that he shall keepe ye kings peace towards all their Magties Subjects Especially ye sd Joseph Parker & Hannah his wife & theire family. And his sd Recognizance to stand good agt him untill November County Court next and then he to appeare for his Release as ye Court shall see e & in ye meane tyme to pay just fees for ye psecution."

Evidently Joseph did not relish the conscientious motives of his neighbors seeking to show that his wife was in league with the devil and guilty of the monstrous crime of witchcraft. Conscious of her innocence and resenting this prying into his domestic affairs, we can easily understand the wrath of the outraged husband and his desire to plant two bullets in the body of the over-anxious Goody Parker. This Joseph Parker (whose wife was Hannah Gilbert) was son of William Parker, of Saybrook, ancestor of all the Parkers in this vicinity.

But the gossip regarding Winifred Benham had now grown to the proportion of a great scandal, and was the subject of anxious solicitude to Rev. Mr. Street pastor of the Wallingford church, who, no doubt, was greatly disturbed to think the devil had gained possession of the body and soul of one of his flock. At this same court, viz. 25 July, 1692:

"The Revd Mr. Street appeared before Authority & he & Mrs. Street, Deacon Hall & Goody Parker menconed many pcular things as grounds of suspicion Witch Craft reflecting upon Goody Winifred Benham then alsoe psent whereupon the Authority desired and advised Mr. Street and others of Wallingford consernd to considr of ye matter being weighty & to prpare such evidences as could be come at for ye further discovery & conviction of ye p'ty suspected if guilt or clean if Innocent & ye sd suspected prson being a member of theire church twas left wth Mr. Street yt he & ye church should considr wt did or might belong to them hoping God wold direct ym on theire seeking Councill from him or wrds to yt purpose & soe ye matter was dismist & left till next County Court."

Doubtless the time until the November session of the court was anxiously spent by the Benham family. The whole of New England was stirred up by the terrible tragedies taking place at Salem and other towns. It was fortunate for Winifred Benham that the trial was postponed until November, for by that time a great revulsion of feeling had occurred, and ministers and magistrates were repenting bitterly the awful horrors enacted in Massachusetts. Poor Winifred was on hand in New Haven in November, and the record is as follows:

"A County Court held at New Haven the 2d Wednesday in Nov 1692 Present Robt Treat Esq. Gov. Wm Jones Esq. Dep. Gov. Andrew Leet Assist, apt. Moses Mansfield Mr. Thomas Trowbridge County Comr"

"Winifred Benham of Wallingford being sumoned to appeare at this Court for examinacon upon suspicon of Witch Craft was now present. And ye wittnesses were called to testify what they had to say in the case & accordingly gave in theire testimonyes in writing wch were Redd in ye hearing of the sd Winifred. And she being called to say what she had to say for her selfe her generall Answer was that she knew nothing of ye matters testified and was not concerned therein, She alsoe gave in some testimonies for her selfe wch were Redd."

"The Court having heard & considered all ye evidences agt ye sd Winifred Benham and not finding sufficient grounds of conviccon for further prosecution (at present) of ye sd Winifred Doe therefore at this tyme dismiss ye buissnes yet advising the sd Winifred Benham solemnly to Reflect upon ye case and grounds of suspicon given in and alledged agt her. And told her if further grounds of suspicon of witchcraft or further evidences shold appeare agt her by Reason of mischief don to ye bodyes or estate of any preternall acts prvd agt her she might justly feare and exspect to be brought to her tryall for it."

Presumably Joseph & Winifred breathed more freely on their return journey as they thought of the peril she had escaped. But her life in Wallingford could not have been pleasant thereafter. Her neighbors looked at her askance, and every act and word must have been scanned and twisted to suit the desires of those who sincerely believed she spent her nights riding on a broomstick in company with the devil. They had a daughter, Winifred, who must have shared much of the unhappiness of her mother's life. This strained situation continued for five years with no outbreak.

At last human nature can stand it no longer. Her neighbors are convinced that all their misfortunes are due to Winifred's intimacy with his satanic majesty. And poor little Winifred, only thirteen years old, is now believed to ride tandem on the broomstick with her mother in her nightly peregrinations with the devil. Just try to fancy what a life this poor child must have led! On Aug. 31, 1697, all her neighbors are again in New Haven, determined that Winifred and her daughter shall surely pay the just penalty of their monstrous crimes and persecutions.

"A special County Court by order of the Govr held at New Haven the 31st of Augt 1697.

Present Robt. Treat Esqr, Govr Wm Jones Esq, D. Govr Major Moses Mansfield Assist.

'"Complaint being made to the Authority by Ebenezer Clark Joseph Royse & John Moss Junr all of Wallingford agt Winifred Benham Senr & Winifred Benham Junr her daughter that Sarah Clark daughter of Ebenezer Clark, Elizabet Lathrop and John Moss son of ye sd John Moss Junr were frequently and sorely afflicted in theire bodys by ye sd Benhams, mother & daughter or theire Apparicon and as they strongly suspect by theire means or procurance by ye Devil in theire shapes. And therefore desire ye Authority as Gods Ordinance for theire reliefe strictly to examine ye sd suspected persons. In order to a due tryall of them yt a stop may be put to theire sufferings; prevention of such mischeife among them for the future.

"The Court having seriously considered the Accusations & Informations on good testimony given agt Winifred Benham Senr & Winifred Benham Junr upon suspicon of them for witchcraft, they or the devill in theire shapes afflicting sundry young persons above named. As formerly accused & suspected in ye yeare 1692. And finding clere & Sufficient ground of suspicon agt them after strict examination of ye sd persons apart & severally see just cause to bind over the said Benhams mother & daughter to appeare at ye next Court of Assts in October next at Hartford in ordr to theire further examinacon & tryall personally. And the husband of sd Winifred Senr gave 40s Recognizance for theire appearance accordingly or that they be secured in person for theire sd tryall. And sd Benham to pay ye charge of this County Court, Charges 21s exemn granted for sd 21 shillings.

Also ye Death of sd __________ young child to be inquired into wth wt appeared of spotts on sd child and ye like spots on sd Benham quickly vanishing."

What transpired between the date of this Court and that in Hartford we do not know; but mother and daughter were quickly released when the case came to trial, as appears by the following extract from records in the office of Secretary of State in Hartford:

"Att a Court of Assistants Held at Hartford October 7th 1697 Capt Danll Clark also at this (Court) as attorney in behafe of our Soveraign Lord the King appeared in Court and accused Winifred Benham Senr and Winifred Benham Jnr both of Wallingford for having familiarity with Sathan the enemy of God and mankind and by his aid doing many preternatural acts by mischievously hurting the bodies and Goods of Sundry persons vizt of Jno Mosse Junr Joseph Roys and Ebenezer Clark with Divers others to the Great Damage and disturbance of the Public peace, &c. This bill of charge with the testimonies Relating thereunto being referred to the consideration of the Grand jury they Returned upon the bill Ignoramus." That is "not proven."

Fortunately, a more enlightened feeling had grown up in the colony, and for this reason mother and daughter were henceforth not publicly persecuted, but doubtless the memory of these terrible experiences never forsook them. From the late Dr. Charles J. Hoadley, state librarian, the writer had the assurance that this was the last witchcraft trial in Connecticut.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4} Source: Cutter, William Richard. Genealogical and Family History of Western New York. Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1912; pp. 67-68 link at Archive
2. ↑ Source: #GMB Page: A - B. Vol. 1, 1999. p. 67-69.
3. ↑ American Ancestry, vol. x. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons (1894). p. 109.
4. ↑ Anderson, Robert Charles. The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620-1633, vol. i. Boston,MA: New England Historical and Genealogical Society, 1996-2011.
5. ↑ Whittemore, Henry. Genealogical Guide to the Early Settlers of America with a Brief History of Those of the First Generation. Excerpted and Reprinted from The Spirt of '76, Volumes V-XII, September, 1898-May, 1906. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Com. (1957). p. 37.
6. ↑ ^{6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11} Source: #Davis Page: p. 653-656 Davis, Charles Henry Stanley, History of Wallingford, Connecticut (Meriden, Connecticut, Self-Published, 1870), p. 653-656.
7. ↑ ^{7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15} Jacobus, Donald Lines (compiler). Families of Ancient New Haven, Vol I-VIII. and Index Vol IX New Haven: 1931. Reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1974, 1981, 1997. Originally published as New Haven Genealogical Magazine, Volumes I-VIII. Rome, NY and New Haven, CT 1922-1932. Vol 1 pp 186 - 187 Benham Fam 1 John, #2 Joseph
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} Source: #Jacobus "Connecticut Witches." Page: 958 and footnote
9. ↑ Savage, James. Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, vol. i. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company (1860). p. 165.
10. ↑ Boston Record Commissioners Ninth Report, Boston Births, Baptisms, Marriages and Deaths, 1630–1699 (Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, 1883). p. 58 Link at Archive.org
11. ↑ Source: #Savage Page: Vol. 1, Page 165; Vol. 3, Page 27
12. ↑ Source: #GMB Page: A - B. Vol. 1, 1999. p. 67-69.
13. ↑ Source: #Torrey Page: p. 62
14. ↑ Source: #S1033 Page: p. 1-2
15. ↑ "Early Records of Boston" The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume 11. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1857 p. 203 link at google books
16. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 15
17. ↑ ^{17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6} Hinman, Royal Ralph, comp. A Catalogue of the Names of the Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut. Hartford, CT: Press of Case, Tiffany and Company (1852). p. 195.
18. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 16
19. ↑ Ancestry.com. Connecticut, Wills and Probate Records, 1609-1999 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Original data: Connecticut County, District and Probate Courts.
20. ↑ Jacobus, Donald Lines, comp. Families of Ancient New Haven, vol. iv. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. (1981). p. 910.
21. ↑ Jacobus, Donald Lines, comp. Families of Ancient of New Haven. vol. v. Rome, NY: Clarence D. Smith, printer (1929). p. 1167.
22. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 17
23. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 19
24. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 22 NHV p. 31
25. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 23 & p. 32
26. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 28
27. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 26
28. ↑ Source: #NHV p. 29
29. ↑ Torry, Clarence A. New England Marriages Prior to 1700. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. p. 422.
30. ↑ ^{30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5} Connecticut Vital Records to 1870 Wallingford (Online Database: AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2011.) From original typescripts, Lucius Barnes Barbour Collection, 1928. pp 36, 37, 38
31. ↑ Wallingford Vital Records, 1671-1706, In Land Records, Volume 1. (DL Jacobus, copier). The American Genealogist. Vol 14 p 22. Online AmericanAncestors, NEHGS.
32. ↑ Wallingford Vital Records, 1671-1706, In Land Records, Volume 1. (DL Jacobus, copier). The American Genealogist. Vol 14 p 22. Online AmericanAncestors, NEHGS.

• Source: NHV Vital Records of New Haven 1649-1850 Part I. Hartford: The Connecticut Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1917
• Source: S1033 Author: Scoudan, Fern Orr and Bowater, John Title: Benham - A Pedigree Publication: Name: Self-pubished; Location: Cardiff-by-the-Sea, California; Date: 1989; Repository: #R10 Repository: Allen County Library Address: E-Mail Address: Phone Number:
• Source: Jacobus Author: Jacobus, Donald Lines Title: Families of Ancient New Haven Publication: Name: Clarence D. Smith; Location: Rome, New York; Date: 1923;
• Source: GMB Author: Anderson, Robert Charles Title: Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633 Publication: Name: New England Historic Genealogical Society; Location: Boston; Date: 1995;
• Source: Davis Author: Davis, Charles Henry Stanley Title: History of Wallingford, Connecticut Publication: Name: Self-Published; Location: Meriden, Connecticut; Date: 1870;
• Source: Savage Author: Savage, James Title: Genealogical Dictionary of New England Settlers Publication: Location: Boston; Date: 1862;
• Source: Torrey Title: New England Marriages Prior to 1700 Publication: Name: Genealogical Publishing Co.; Date: 1985;