After his mother died, it appears that he lived with his grandparents Henry and Mary. Both his father and his grandparents claimed him as a dependent in the 1850 census. He does not appear in any other census which indicates he died sometime before 1860.
Sources
"United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8DV-8Z9 : 4 April 2020), James Bland in household of George W Bland, Pendleton county, Pendleton, Virginia, United States; citing family 447, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
"United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8DJ-5JC : 4 April 2020), James H Bland in household of Henry Bland, Pendleton county, Pendleton, Virginia, United States; citing family 373, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with James by comparing test results with other carriers of his ancestors' Y-chromosome or mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with James: