Johann Boltzius
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Johann Martin Boltzius (1703 - 1765)

Johann Martin "John" Boltzius aka Bolzius
Born in Forst, Lusati, Germanymap
Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown]
[sibling(s) unknown]
Husband of — married 5 Aug 1735 in Ebenezer, Province of Georgiamap
Father of , , and
Died at age 61 in Ebenezer, Province of Georgiamap
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Contents

Biography

Notables Project
Johann Boltzius is Notable.
Ebenezer Wooden Church
Johann Martin Boltzius arrived 12 Mar 1734 aboard the 1st Salzburger Transporter "Purysburg"
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Johann Boltzius was a Georgia colonist.

Johann Martin Boltzius, born 15 Dec 1703 was a German-born American Lutheran minister. His parents were Eva Rosina Muller and Martin Boltzius and they worked as weavers.[1]

Prior to his travel to Ebenezer, Province of Georgia, where he was the senior minister[2] for the Salzburgers[3], he was awarded a scholarship for theology from the University of Halle. During his time at the university, he studied Lutheran Pietism. Boltzius was a superintendent at the Latin Orphan House/School of the Francke Foundation in Halle[4] and Israel Christian Gronau served as an instructor.[5] [6]. They also had some medical training (see Feb 1738 under Life in Ebenezer). In 1733, Gotthilf August Francke, the son of a cofounder of the school, picked Johann to serve as a minister to the Salzburg Protestant refugees. [7][8]Both men gave up their positions to go with the Salzburger’s as their pastors. Preparations for the trip involved coordination of many details. Multiple letters were sent between Samuel Urlsperger, Henry Newman, Baron J. Von Reck, Mr. Vat, Reverend, Mr. Richard Lowther at Rotterdam, Reverend Mr. Butienter at Dover, Captain Coram, Reverend Dr. Cockman, Boltzius, Gronau, Oglethorpe, and many other persons to coordinate the journey of the passengers to England and passage to Georgia. The letters were translated from French and German and can be found in Henry Newman’s Saltzburger Letterbooks found on the link in this footnote.[9]

In Ebenezer, Boltzius became more than the Senior pastor of the Salzburgers. He was a prolific reader and writer, kept diaries and wrote letters to multiple people, including the President and Assistants and persons overseas. He was administrator of funds received from England for use of the Salzburgers. When supplies or new construction were needed, he worked to obtain monies to complete those projects. Boltzius was appointed a Conservator of the Peace so that he could control disorder and wickedness. He networked with a multitude of officials and other persons in the areas surrounding Ebenezer. For example, he was known to travel by horse to visit William Stephens and have breakfast or tea while discussing issues of concern at the time.[10] He provided medical care for the settlers. This bio focuses on his life and family because multiple documents can be found on his views on religion and slavery.

Journey from Halle to Nimwegen

  • 7 Nov 1733 Boltziuz and Gronau set out from Halle to Wernigerode.
  • 13 Nov 1733 they went to Osterwieck for their ordination.
  • 16 and 17 Nov they passed through Hamm, Lühnen and arrived at Wesel.
  • On the 18th they took a stagecoach to Cleve.
  • On the 20th they went to Nimwegen.
  • On the 21st they boarded a ship where they were delayed due to a storm but finally sailed.[11]

James Edward Oglethorpe wrote that on 31 0ct 1733, the Salzburg colonists were to depart. Previously, Mr. Georg Philipp Friedrich von Reck, Royal British Commissioner for the settlers was presented to the new settlers in a public ceremony. Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau, pastors from Halle for the new settlers could not make it to Augsburg by their scheduled departure date. A candidate for the ministry named Schumacher was to accompany them to Rotterdam. This caused their departure date to be changed.[12]

Journey From Augsburg to Rotterdam

Following a letter in Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks from Isaac Minet at Dover in Kent dated 10 Jan 1733/4, a list of Saltzburg-Emigrants are named who set out from Augsburg the 20 October 1733 “under the Conduct of Mr. Von Reck Commissary, and arrived at Rotterdam the 16 November following and Embarked on board the Purrysburg Commanded by Capt. Tobias Fry for Georgia the 21st Ditto 1733” The group consisted of 26 men, 7 women, 10 girls and 2 boys for a total of 45. The first persons making the journey to settle Ebenezer included:[13][14]

  1. Mr. Von Reck, Commissary
  2. J. Martin Boltzius Pastor
  3. Is. Christ. Gronau Pastor
  4. Christopher Ortmann, Schoolmaster
  5. * Juliana wife
  6. John Andr. Zweiffler Apothacary
  7. Christian Schweikert Servant/Footman/Cook to Reck DIED 1735
  8. Thomas [Ge]Schwandel
  9. * Margaret wife DIED 1735
  10. * Margaret daughter
  11. John Moshammer DIED 1735
  12. * Mary wife
  13. Paul Schwaighoffer
  14. * Margaret wife
  15. * Mary daughter
  16. * Thomas son
  17. * Ursula daughter
  18. Lorentz Hueber DIED 1734
  19. * Mary wife DIED 1734
  20. * Magdalena daughter DIED 1734
  21. * John son DIED 1735
  22. * Mary daughter DIED 1735
  23. * Margaret, daughter
  24. Barbara Rohrmoserin DIED 1735
  25. * Katharine daughter
  26. * Gertrude daughter
  27. Maria Reiter DIED 1734
  28. Anna Hofferin [Hofer] DIED 1735
  29. Hans Grueber DIED 1734
  30. Christian Steiner DIED 1735
  31. Balthazar Fleiss DIED 1734
  32. Jerg [Georg] Swaigger George Schweiger
  33. Tobias Larkner [Lackner] DIED 1734
  34. Peter Grueber
  35. Simon Reiter
  36. Martin Herzog
  37. Christian Leimberger
  38. Stephen Reidelsperger
  39. Matthew Mittersteiner DIED 1734
  40. Simon Rauschgot DIED 1735
  41. Leonard Rauner
  42. Matthias/Matthew Braunberger DIED 1734
  43. George Bartholomeus Roth DIED 1735
  44. * Mary Barbara wife
  45. Gilbert Beque
  46. * wife removed from ship 14 Dec 1733
  47. * child removed from ship 14 Dec 1733
  48. * child removed from ship 14 Dec 1733

Journey from Rotterdam to Ebenezer

Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau kept a travel diary of their journey. In November and December 1733, the Salzburgers made their way to England and endured their ship running aground and much seasickness. Highlights of their journey include:

  • 25 Nov 1733 Boltzius and Gronau) arrived in Rotterdam (Holland). “On November 27th, the Saltzburgers, for whose sake we had come here, finally arrived with their Commissioner von Reck.”
  • On the 30th the Saltzburgers were assigned quarters in two houses,
  • 2 Dec 1733 “the Saltzburgers were again brought aboard a ship, which, however, did not leave the harbor until the night of December 3rd.”
  • 7 Dec1733 “our ship ran aground on a sandbar, and consequently we had to remain in the same place for several days.”
  • 11 Dec 1733 - “As very slow progress is made by ships on the Maass River, we did not reach the sea until the 19th of (typo November) December.”
  • 20 Dec 1733 “the following day, which was a Sunday, could not be used for the edification of all according to our wish and desire because we and our congregation were overtaken by seasickness caused by the violent movement of the ship. “
  • 21 Dec 1733 “we arrived near Dover but could not enter the harbor for lack of a pilot who was supposed to come from Dover to meet us and guide our ship through the dangerous waters”.
  • 22 Dec 1733 “some of the Saltzburgers, particularly women who had become somewhat discouraged by the diffculties of the boat trip, let it be known that they would prefer to stay here in this country; but they were encouraged again and acquiesced. Afterwards, the Saltzburgers were taken off the ship by us and Commissioner von Reck and were led in pairs to a certain house where a meal had been prepared for them. “
  • 25 Dec 1733 December 25th 1733 the “emissary of the Trustees [Coram] has stayed with us and will remain here until everything on the ship has been put in order. We had a very great storm for several days, and one ship was wrecked in this neighborhood. Thus God did us a very special favor by bringing us into the harbor in time and mercifully protecting us from damage. “ [15]

“Because now, with respect to the calendar, we have to adjust ourselves to the English way, we are starting to arrange our diary according to it, and therefore, make the beginning (Note: they switched to the Julian calendar). [16]

  • 21 December 1733, the “Saltzburgers were bound by oath and had to promise with hand and mouth to be subject to the English government, their present authority, and, as subjects, to show obedience in their enjoyment of the rights and freedoms of the land. On this occasion the following ceremony took place: There appeared before us Captain Coram, deputy for the Trustees, and also the captain of our ship [Tobias Fry] and an English merchant [William Sale]. In their presence Commissioner von Reck gave a brief address in which he praised the good deeds done for the Saltzburgers and urged upon them gratitude to God and to their benefactors. After they had promised obedience with a loud yes, a proclamation, written in German, was read to them in the name of the Trustees, which told them about the freedoms and privileges they were to enjoy in this land and also about their duties. Hereafter the names of the Saltzburgers were written on the bottom of the proclamation. Then the Saltzburgers had to touch the paper and were asked whether they meant to honor all of this. They confirmed it with a yes and then shook the deputy’s [Coram’s] hand.”
  • 7 Jan 1734 They were not able to set sail due to the wind.
  • 8 Jan 1734, the settlers sailed from Dover on the Purysburg.[17] [18]
  • 10 Jan 1734 “Today our bodies were strengthened again. With the favorable wind we passed this morning out of the English Channel, which is 300 English miles long.” They documented day to day occurrences. They prayed and sang hymns.
  • 23 Feb 1734 they saw white birds indicating land was near and flying fish.
  • 4 Mar 1734 land was sighted.
  • 7 Mar 1734 some of the settlers were permitted to go to Charleston in a sloop. They wrote a list of things they had noted. [19]
  • 9 Mar 1734 they were back on the ship.
  • 12 Mar 1734 some of the settlers were taken ashore to Savannah.
  • 13 Mar 1734 a tent was set up for the Salzburgers.
  • 17 Mar 1734 a male child was born.
  • 20 Mar 1734 several settlers left to go build houses and bridges where they were going to live.
  • 26 Mar 1734 they learned that the place where they were going to live and the river was to be called Ebenezer, and was named by Oglethorpe.
  • 20 Apr 1734 they learned how to make half beer and a recipe was noted.
  • 24 Apr they received 12 of 30 head of cattle.
  • 27 Mar 1734 they were made aware of rattlesnakes.
  • 28 Mar 1734 the settlers are slowly moving to Ebenezer and some are at Abercorn, Province of Georgia and some already at Ebenezer.
  • 4 Apr 1734 they received some wild cows and calves and are working to transport them to Ebenezer. Some of the settlers are becoming ill.
  • 3 May they received 10 barrels of seeds sent by ship.
  • 7 May 1734, Gronau is in Ebenezer and Boltzius is in Abercorn. The settlers continued to move to Ebenezer.
  • 31 May 1734 an Indian killed a deer, brought it to the settlers and told them to take what they wanted of it.
  • 5 Jun 1734, Boltzius, who had been to Charleston, was now in Ebenezer.
  • 14 Jun 1734 - last week, Georg Schweiger and Anna Hofer said they wanted to marry and the marriage was performed on the 14th. [20]

In A List of Early Settlers of Georgia[21] the following people were closely associated with Johann. His future wife and her sister and their mother, sailed on the ship with him. (Note: in A List of Early Settlers of Georgia, Gertraud (Gertrude) is listed twice, her sister Cath, (Catharina) is listed twice and Gertraud and Catharina’s mother, Barbara is listed six times.)

  • 99 - Bishop, Hen.—-Servt. to Mr. Boltzius; embark’d 31 Oct 1734; arrived 28 Dec1734. He was the schoolmaster at Ebenezar to teach the children English. He Marry’d a German in 1740, and took a lot 6 miles from Ebenezar to settle on, Col. Oglethorpe giving him his freedom.
  • 113 - Boltzius, Jo. Martin—-Salzburg Minister: embark’d 14 Dec 1733; arrived 12 Mar1733-34. Minister & chief Director of the Salzburger at Ebenezar. He Marry’d Gertrude Rhomorisine 5 Aug 1735. In the colony the end of the year 1746.
  • 556 - Gronau, lsrael—Cathecist & minister; embark’d 14 Dec 1733; arrived 12 Mar 1733/4. Salzburger settled at Ebenezar. He Marry’d Cath. Rhomorisine 1 Oct 1734.
  • 797 - Kraierin, Cath - D. of Barbara Rhosmarine; embark’d 14 Dec 1733; arrived 12 Mar 1733/4. Salzburger settled at Ebenezar; living 13 Mar 1738/9. Marry’d to the Rev. Mr. Gronau one of the Salzburger Ministers 1 Oct 1734.
  • 798 ———, “Gertrude—-D. of Barbara Rhosmarine. Salzburger settled at Ebenezar; living 13 Mar 1738/9. Marry’d to the Rev. Mr. Boltzius the other Salzburger Minister 5 Aug 1735. (Note: also arrived 12 Mar 1733/4)
  • 1222. - Rhomorisine, Barbara—Embark’d 20 Oct 1735; arrived Feb. 1735/6. Salzburger settled at Ebenezar.
  • 1223 - Rhomorisine, Barbara—Dead 1737.
  • 1224 - ______ “Catherine, d.—-See Kraierin. Child of Barbara Rhomorisine by a former husband.
  • 1225 - _____ “Gertrude, d.—-See Kraierin. Child of Barbara Rhomorisine by a former husband.
  • 1226 - _______ Mary, d.—-Arrived 12 Mar 1733/4. Salzburgers settled at Ebenezar. Marry’d to Jo. Moshammer.

Life in Ebenezer

2 Apr 1734 - Boltzius began documenting his experiences with Negroes that had been loaned to him for six months by a benefactor, to help with the Salzburger’s work. He documented multiple problems with them, running away, refusing to work, lying, stealing, burned a beehive and one cut the leg of another Negro 7 times with a knife among other issues.[22]

1 Sep 1735, Johann wrote a letter to his mother. In it, he stated “My dear marriage partner is, to be sure, poor and, like me, born of humble people scorned by the world; but she fears God and is a spiritual bride of the Lord Jesus and, therefore, is dearer to me than a person dressed in gold and silver or adorned with all the transitory splendor of this life. Her name is Gertrude, née Kroher. God has given her so much natural aptitude and such physical and spiritual gifts that she, along with her devout mother, whom I also have with me, will be very useful to me in my affairs and edifying to the whole congregation. You can understand to some extent, if you picture a married couple who seeks nothing in this life than the Lord Jesus, and are entirely of one mind about this, what God has bestowed upon us up to now in the way of spiritual joy, as long as we are together through His direction, and how He has joined our hearts through the bond of divine love. My transformation has certainly occurred through the Lord, and He will also let us participate in His divine blessing as He did in the beginning. May God be your solace and aid in your widowed state, etc.”[23] Johann was 31 years old and Gertrude was about 16 years old when they married. The marriage took place in Ebenezer 5 Aug 1735.[24]

17 Jan 1736 Adam Riedelsperger‘s wife, Barbara Rossbacher Riedelsperger, had given birth (unknown date), it did not survive and was given an emergency baptism. She was upset because a neighbor told her and Adam the emergency baptism was nothing. Boltzius told Adam and Barbara about baptism. He said that baptism “does not have its power from the minister” and can be done by “another Christian man in case of necessity” or in the absence of that man, by a Christian woman by virtue of the spiritual priesthood, using natural water and in the Name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.” [25]

Boltzius blamed James Oglethorpe as representative of the Trustees of Georgia, for the many deaths because of his poor choice of location for the settlement. [26] Boltzius had demanded that the Salzburgers be relocated to an area with more fertile land, where the Salzburgers could survive. So finally, in 1736, Ebenezer was moved closer to the Savannah River after an altercation with Oglethorpe, Boltzius threatened to disband the community if they did not receive permission to relocate.[27] “A spot known as Red Bluff, where Ebenezer Creek met the Savannah River, became New Ebenezer. At Old Ebenezer[28] nothing remained but a cow pen.”[29]

2 Jan 1737 the first child of Johann and Gertrude was born in Ebenezer and was named Samuel Leberecht. Johann wrote “It was a difficult birth, very painful and dangerous for his mother; at the time we had prayed most humbly and urgently for a successful delivery.”[30]

Friday, 22 Jul 1737 Boltzius wrote that a minister in Savannah and Mr. and Mrs. Causton (Thomas Causton) had been encouraging him to use China de China (quinine or cinchona bark, Jesuit’s bark or Peruvian bark). He wrote that he took 2 ounces from the storehouse in Savannah to try it. In his note he documented details of how to mix it and specific instructions on how to use it.[31] The “medication” he acquired most likely came from the Trustee Garden. [32] Other medical care Boltzius and Gronau provided was bloodletting and Boltzius relied on Gertrude’s observation about the ill settlers to guide him when treatment was needed. Boltzius also treated himself with quinine sometime after he came down with malaria, most likely in Old Ebenezer,[33] as noted by Francke criticizing them on their use of quinine. Francke was “worried quinine had aggravated the symptoms and sickness” Gronau described.[34]

In 1737, Boltzius debated with John Wesley[35] about episcopacy. Boltzius said that Wesley feels so sure about this doctrine that no argument could sway him from his opinion. Because of this, Wesley refused to serve Boltzius Holy Communion.”[36]

1737 - Because of disease and death of many adults, the Salzburgers opened the first orphanage.[37] [38]The orphanage was under the leadership of the religious leaders, including Boltzius.[39] In 1971 The museum of the Georgia Salzburger Society was built on the site of the original Ebenezer Orphanage.[40] “Widows and orphans operated the first silk filature (a facility for reeling silk from cocoons) in Georgia.”[41]

Feb 1738 - Ebenezer had been without a physician and Dr. Christian Ernst Thilo[42] finally arrived. His behavior and recommendations proved to be erratic and greatly concerned Boltzius and Gronau. Shortly after his arrival he and Boltzius had a disagreement. In Ebenezer, medical debates “revolved around conceptions of the soul’s role in bodily health, and the conviction that medicine and healing were crucial to the Christian mission.” Boltzius and Gronau had missionary medical training in Halle, used their observations of settlers illnesses and read articles to increase their knowledge. Malaria had been a problem since the founding of Ebenezer and Boltzius had disagreements with Thilo about his practice in treating Malaria. Based on information they had and due to their disagreements with Thilo, Boltzius and Gronau used quinine (sent from Europe by Francke) to treat malaria.[43]

Wednesday 7 Feb 1738/9 at the Palace Court, England the Trustees read a letter from Boltzius requesting money from the Trustees in order to build an orphan house in Ebenezer. The Trustees decided to consider the request. Wednesday 8 Feb 1738/9 the Common Council wrote that “forty Pounds should be sent in Sola Bills to be issued to Mr. Bolzius towards the maintenance of the Salzburger Widows and Orphans out of the said Balance Unapplied.[44] This example and the other examples about requests for money on this profile are only a sample of the requests made over his lifetime.

13 Mar 1738/9 - the Salzburger’s wrote a letter to General Oglethorpe. They requested another transport of Salzburger’s be sent to Ebenezer. The weather being hotter than where the came from was discussed and they noted the benefits of a warmer winter and the work they were able to accomplish. The building of houses and public buildings was reported along with the houses of Gronau and Bolzius (Boltzius). The building of the orphan house was noted. Inhabitants, all adult males, of Ebenezer signed the letter along with Boltziuz and Gronau.[45]

22 Nov 1739 Johann wrote “Last night our gracious God showed me and my wife great mercy by giving us the joy of seeing a young and well-formed little son [Gotthilf Israel], who was baptized this morning.”[46]

Wednesday 28 Nov 1739 at the Palace Court in England it was recorded Boltzius was paid forty pounds for the Orphan House.[47]

26 Jun 1740 - in a letter Boltzius wrote “not one Person has abandoned his Settlement, or sent over the least Complaint about the Tenures or the want of Negroes. On the contrary, they in a Body petitioned against the Use of Negroes; and their ministers have declared That their signing that Petition was a voluntary act”.[48]

“By the late 1740s Boltzius reluctantly concluded that he must accept slavery or risk losing the Salzburg settlement because of a labor shortage. He compensated by looking upon slavery as a new field in which to spread Christianity. In time, he too enslaved Black laborers.”[49]

Wednesday 15 Apr 1741 at the Palace Court in England seventy seven pounds to be paid to Boltzius for defraying the cost of building a corn mill in Ebenezer.[50] [51]

27 Mar 1744 Boltzius sent a letter to the President and Assistants of the Province of Georgia asking if he had the power to prevent “Disorders and Wickedness” at Ebenezar. The Trustees at the Queen’s Square Westminster, England read the proceedings where the letter was referred to and recommended to the Common Council to appoint Boltzius and Gronau Conservators of the Peace for the District of Ebenezer in Georgia.[52]

Saturday 23 Feb 1744/5 Queen’s Square Westminster, the Common Council ordered that 25 books of “Mr. Boreman’s Compendious Account of the Art of breeding nursing and right Ordering of the Silk Worms[53] be sent over to the President” to be distributed in the Province and to send some to Boltzius for the Salzburgers. [54]

9 Apr 1745 Boltzius wrote a letter and reported they “had brought their pounding Mill for Rice and Barley to great perfection.” He also noted finances. The letter was read Monday 11 Nov 1745 at Queen’s Square Westminster. [55]

Thursday 12 Jun 1746 at the Excise Office Old Jewry in England, the Trustees read letters from Boltzius stating that “the Saw Mill at Ebenezer is brought to perfection, and in a condition to saw with Two Saws above One thousand feet of Boards in twenty four Hours. He noted he had borrowed six brasses belonging to the Trustees Old Saw Mill and asked that they be granted to the Salzburgers”. The request was granted [56]

Wednesday 22 Feb 1749 the Trustees met and recommended to give 5 pounds sterling to a 3rd Salzburg’s woman to reward her for learning how to wind silk. In addition, the Trustees established a payment system for paying the Salzburgers for raising the cocoons or winging the silk. Money was to be given to Boltzius so he could pay the workers on the spot.[57]

Jul 1749 - Boltzius wrote letters to Henriette Rosine Goetze (mother-in-law of Gotthilf Francke) with details about Gertrude’s condition and poor health “to improve the chances for effective treatment”. Goetz had died in June 1749 in Halle, so had not responded so Boltzius wrote Francke and later in 1750 David Samuel von Madai responded to Boltzius. Boltzius wanted a report from Thilo, however, he noted Thilo “was rather inexperienced in women’s conditions”. Boltzius was displeased with Thilo’s refusal to treat her and when he did treat her, it was unreliable. Gertrude was the one that suggested Johann write Goetze. “Gertrude had a read a book on medicine by David Samuel von Madai, Unterricht der berwehrten Hallischen Artzeneyen (Instructions Concerning the tried and tested medicines of Halle), which Goetze had included in a recent shipment to Ebenezer, and Johann Boltzius wrote Goetze requesting specific medicines based on his wife’s reading.” Upon Gertrude’s recommendation Boltzius gave a detailed account of when the symptoms started and listed them in detail.[58]

21 Oct 1750, Johann wrote, “The last entry in my diary for this month, according to Gods will and His miraculous ways, has to be the recording of an event which is the saddest in my life, excepting the death of my late colleague, although I am able to find some consolation in certain circumstances. Today, at five oclock in the morning, it pleased our all-wise, miraculous, all-powerful, and merciful God to call my little son Samuel Leberecht to Him. He died after a painful agony, in his fourteenth year. He was our oldest son. He was very talented and especially obedient and God-fearing, which is most important. His pious conduct and his blessed, edifying end gave us strength; otherwise, our pain would, of course, have been much worse.” The next week, on 6 Nov 1750, their daughter, Christiana Elisabeth died.[59] There was an epidemic in 1750 called “Rothe Friesel,” scarlet fever or measles. Johann “envisioned a charitable institution designed for Ebeneezer’s physical and spiritual health. During that epidemic, 5% of Ebenezer’s population died including Johann and Gertrude’s two children.[60]

Apr 1751 - Boltzius wrote ”To be sure, I have had some disquiet and struggle in my soul about having let my helpmeet keep silkworms in my house for some years and prepare the cocoons;…2) After the trees had acquired a substantial size and much foliage in four years, my wife began, as an example and encouragement for other people, to keep some silkworms and to spin off the silk entirely secretly on a very imperfect machine. During this simply begun work her courage and experience began so that, in the following years she devoted herself with greater industry to this so pleasant and useful occupation and acquired better experience every year to the advantage of our family and our congregation. Because I used the assistance of several women in this rather extensive matter (especially since she was so often sick) the experience learned in our house as to how to rear the worms in a safe, easy, and advantageous way soon became common in our community.”[61]

Monday 8 Apr 1751 the Trustees recommended to the Common Council to purchase of Boltzius as many Mulberry plants as he has available so that they may be distributed among proprietors of small tracts of land that are disposed to promote the culture of silk.[62]

1751 Boltzius obtained a 500 acre grant near Goshen and he called it Good Harmony. [63] The property was named in his Will.

Apr 1753 - Boltzius bought 5 slaves for 145 pounds. In about 1759 he bought an emaciated slave for 35 pounds.[64] He may have bought slaves earlier but to date a source has not been found.

1753 - Boltzius developed an inflammation of the left eye and in 1755 he obtained medicine and glasses from Europe.[65]

In 1756 - the congregation organized by Boltzius in Ebenezer bought the land where the Lutheran Church of the Ascension was built in 1843 in Savannah, Georgia next to Wright Square.[66]

30 Aug 1759 - Johann wrote “Today our gracious God rescued me from a great danger, for which His name be praised, I was walking with my wife in the woods a bit before evening and as we were going we had to cross a narrow stream on a piece of wood my wife saw a snake swimming towards me, which would surely have bitten me if she had not seen it and shouted, so that I could jump to shore and get away.”[67]

1 Sep 1759 - Samuel Urlsperger wrote “Dear Mrs. Boltzius comes close to death so often and so suddenly that Mr. Boltzius must be prepared for her passing every day, for which she heartily longs according to the good will of her savior. In this distress they sometimes feel they are perishing, and then the Helper awakes and gives light to both sufferers. The heat is almost unbearable now. May God help us through all of this.”[68]

He began to lose his eyesight at some point toward the end of his life.[69] Slowly he delegated his responsibilities to others.

Family

Johann and Gertrude had 4 children (see attached bio’s).

  1. Samuel Leberecht
  2. Gotthilf Israel
  3. Christiana Elisabeth
  4. Catharine Mary

Death

1 Jun 1763, Johann wrote his Will. In his Will the estate was left to wife, Gertrude “born Kroher” (was written in the translation of his Will), with provisions for his son, Gotthilf Israel (living in Germany) and daughter, Catharine Mary.[70][71]. Two of his children had died as children so were not included in the Will.

He died 19 Nov 1765[72][73] He was buried in the Jerusalem Lutheran Church Cemetery, Also known as Ebenezer Cemetery , New Ebenezer Cemetery. [74] [75]

Definitions

  • Bloodletting was thought to help cure illness by removing blood from the body by means of puncturing an artery or vein or using leaches.[76]
  • Ebenezer, Old - Sep 1737 Mr. Wesley reported “Old Ebenezer lies about 25 miles West of Savannah. The situation is very pleasant there being many little hills with brooks between them; but the Soil is a white sand.” He reported on the number of large houses, huts and acres cleared.[77]
  • Ebenezer, New - Sep 1737 Mr. Wesley reported “New Ebenezer lies Six Miles Eastward from the old on a high bluff by the Savannah River.” He reported the number of huts, acres cleared and that many areas were used for plantings [78]
  • Jerusalem Lutheran Church was built 1767-1769 after the death of Boltzius and is Georgia’s oldest publicly used building.[79]
  • "Pietism is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with the Reformed emphasis on individual piety and living a vigorous Christian life.”[80]
  • Sola Bills were currency made payable “to order”.[81]

Sources

  1. ↑ Ebel, Carol. New Georgia Encyclopedia, "Johann Martin Boltzius." last modified Sep 29, 2020. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/johann-martin-boltzius-1703-1765/
  2. ↑ Wilson, R. (1993). Public Works and Piety in Ebenezer: The Missing Salzburger Diaries of 1744-1745. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, 77(2), 336–366. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40582713
  3. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia Salzburgers https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/salzburgers/
  4. ↑ Georgia Historical Society The Rev. John Martin Bolzius the Rev. Israel Christian Gronau https://georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/the-rev-john-martin-bolzius-the-rev-israel-christian-gronau/
  5. ↑ Herz, D., & Smith, J. D. (1996). “Into Danger but also Closer to God”: The Salzburgers’ Voyage to Georgia, 1733-1734. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, 80(1), 1–26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40583385 page 18
  6. ↑ Wikipedia Johann Martin Boltzius article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Martin_Boltzius
  7. ↑ Ebel, Carol. "Johann Martin Boltzius (1703-1765)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 15 September 2014. Web.
  8. ↑ A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia, edited by E. Merton Coultyer and Albert B. Saye. 1949. The University of Georgia Press.: Part I, Person #113 , Page 4 (Online Page #19)
  9. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Saltzburger Letterbooks https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks/section/fa07922e-310f-48d3-a219-9aca06ba670f
  10. ↑ Stephens, William The Journal of William Stephens 1743-1745, edited by Coulter, E. Merton, 1959
  11. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 Part Two- The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land , UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
  12. ↑ The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land, detailed introduction, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/edc1ffe2-6e06-4313-999f-c964dfeff0bf detailed introduction
  13. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks (PDF), Edited by George Fenwick Jones, pages 412-413 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks
  14. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks, Edited by George Fenwick Jones, pages 412-413, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks/section/1b85215f-9b4d-44dc-b4a9-e2e680769c4f
  15. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 Part Two- The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land , UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
  16. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734, Notes pg 197 (7) Part Two- The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land , UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
  17. ↑ Georgia Salzburger Genealogy and History: Transports - Ships - Original Source Information https://www.gasalzburgers.com/history/transports-ships
  18. ↑ An Extract of the Journal of Mr. Commissary Von Reck, London, 1734 digital database with image, image page 8 of 80 https://archive.org/details/extractofjournal00reck/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater
  19. ↑ An Extract of the Journal of Mr. Commissary Von Reck, London, 1734 digital database with image, image page 8 of 72 https://archive.org/details/extractofjournal00reck/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater
  20. ↑ The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land, Part 1 and Part 2 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
  21. ↑ E. Merton Coulter, Albert B. Saye, A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia (Decatur, Georgia: Bowen Press, 1949 https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ugapressbks/pdfs/ugp9780820334394.pdf
  22. ↑ The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land, Part 2 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/edc1ffe2-6e06-4313-999f-c964dfeff0bf detailed introduction
  23. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. Two, 1734-1735 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/164/oa_edited_volume/chapter/3022113
  24. ↑ E. Merton Coulter, Albert B. Saye, A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia (Decatur, Georgia: Bowen Press, 1949), digital images, The University of Georgia Press website https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ugapressbks/pdfs/ugp9780820334394.pdf
  25. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. 3, 1736, Edited by Jones, George Fenwick p21 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/1/8/0/1806795f-a13a-4279-98d6-c9b567b39a39/attachment/addb5febe19d19a894a56a5b44d347a7.pdf
  26. ↑ "Detailed Reports of the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America (Ausführliche Nachricht von den Salzburgischen Emigranten compiled by Samuel Urlsperger)"
  27. ↑ Ebel, C. (2006). Johann Martin Boltzius. In New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sep 29, 2020, from https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/johann-martin-boltzius-1703-1765/
  28. ↑ Old Ebenezer by Holland, James W., October 17, 1936, NPS History http://npshistory.com/publications/proposed-parks/ga-old-ebenezer.pdf
  29. ↑ The Ebenezer Community, Georgia Public Broadcasting https://georgiastudies.gpb.org/c7-the-ebenezer-community
  30. ↑ Detailed reports on the Salzburger emigrants who settled in America , Volume 14, 1750, edited by Samuel Urlsperger, translated by Eva Pulgram, Magdalena Hoffman-Loerzer, George Fenwick Jones, edited by George Fenwick Jones, with a new foreword by Ben Marsh https://dlg.usg.edu/record/ugapress_gohl_9780820361420#text
  31. ↑ University of Georgia Press Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America VolumeI V:1737 Daily Register of the two pastors, Mr. Boltzius and Mr. Gronau From January 1st to the end of the year 1737, edited by Samuel Urlsperger p137 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/6/4/d/64d48b6c-ee4d-45a4-9e1d-87e199915c57/attachment/27054601f1e0b0d29999b835a7fbff75.pdf
  32. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia Trustee Garden https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/trustee-garden/ (see quinine)
  33. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia Johann Martin Boltzius 1703-1765 https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/johann-martin-boltzius-1703-1765/
  34. ↑ Koch, Philippa, Experience and the soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine p571-575 Koch, P.565-574 (2016). Experience and the Soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine. Church History, 85(3), 552–586. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26292294
  35. ↑ Wikipedia, John Wesley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley
  36. ↑ Hammond, G. (2009). Versions of Primitive Christianity: John Wesley’s Relations with the Moravians in Georgia, 1735-1737. Journal of Moravian History, 6, 31–60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41179847 p54
  37. ↑ Georgia Public Broadcasting The Ebenezer Community, https://georgiastudies.gpb.org/c7-the-ebenezer-community
  38. ↑ Georgia Historical Society Marker Monday: Old Ebenezer, https://georgiahistory.com/marker-monday-old-ebenezer/#:~:text=A%20year%20later%2C%20in%201737,also%20opened%20the%20first%20orphanage.&text=Under%20the%20leadership%20of%20religious,their%20piety%20and%20work%20ethic.
  39. ↑ Georgia Historical Society Marker Monday: Old Ebenezer, https://georgiahistory.com/marker-monday-old-ebenezer/#:~:text=A%20year%20later%2C%20in%201737,also%20opened%20the%20first%20orphanage.&text=Under%20the%20leadership%20of%20religious,their%20piety%20and%20work%20ethic.
  40. ↑ Explore Georgia, Museum of the Georgia Salzburger Society https://www.exploregeorgia.org/rincon/general/historic-sites-trails-tours/museum-of-the-georgia-salzburger-society
  41. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia Salzburgers https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/salzburgers/
  42. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. five, 1738 Introduction https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-volume-five-1738/section/55aa2ca1-7243-42ed-9483-a26f048e084c#intro
  43. ↑ Koch, P. (2016). Experience and the Soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine. Church History, 85(3), 552–586. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26292294 page 565-574
  44. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.2 p265-266 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  45. ↑ "Letters from Georgia, v. 14203, 1737 June–1739 January," Transcripts of the Earl of Egmount papers, p149-153(394-398) digital images, Digital Library of Georgia https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/guan/ms1786/pdfs/ms1786-14203.pdf
  46. ↑ Detailed reports on the Salzburger emigrants who settled in America , Volume 14, 1750, edited by Samuel Urlsperger, translated by Eva Pulgram, Magdalena Hoffman-Loerzer, George Fenwick Jones, edited by George Fenwick Jones, with a new foreword by Ben Marsh https://dlg.usg.edu/record/ugapress_gohl_9780820361420#text
  47. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.2 p308 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  48. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.3 p402 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  49. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia Johann Martin Boltzius 1703-1765 https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/johann-martin-boltzius-1703-1765/
  50. ↑ "Letters from Georgia, v. 14203, 1737 June–1739 January," Transcripts of the Earl of Egmount papers, p13(88) digital images, Digital Library of Georgia https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/guan/ms1786/pdfs/ms1786-14203.pdf
  51. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.2 p368 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  52. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.1 p456 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  53. ↑ Airozona.edu Digital Archive of Documents Related to Silk https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/topic_silk.html (see T. B. A Compendious Account of the Whole Art of Breeding, Nursing, and the Right Ordering of the Silk-Worm, 1733, 41 pages. Posted July 14, 2006. SAMPLE PAGE. File size 2.7 MB PDF)
  54. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.2 p449 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  55. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.2 p468 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  56. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.1 p488 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  57. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.1 p527-528, 539 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  58. ↑ Koch, Philippa, Experience and the soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine p571-575 Koch, P.565-574 (2016). Experience and the Soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine. Church History, 85(3), 552–586. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26292294
  59. ↑ Detailed reports on the Salzburger emigrants who settled in America , Volume 14, 1750, edited by Samuel Urlsperger, translated by Eva Pulgram, Magdalena Hoffman-Loerzer, George Fenwick Jones, edited by George Fenwick Jones, with a new foreword by Ben Marsh https://dlg.usg.edu/record/ugapress_gohl_9780820361420#text
  60. ↑ Koch, P. (2016). Experience and the Soul in Eighteenth-Century Medicine. Church History, 85(3), 552–586. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26292294
  61. ↑ URLSPERGER, S., Marsh, B., & JONES, G. F. (1990). Daily Reports Of the Year 1751. In G. F. Jones (Ed.), Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America...: Volume XV: 1751-1752 (pp. 1–140). University of Georgia Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv21d62st.5 page 55
  62. ↑ The colonial records of the state of Georgia compiled and published under authority of the legislature by Allen D. Candler. v.1 p556 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112051070115&seq=464&q1=Bolzius
  63. ↑ Ebel, C. (2006). Johann Martin Boltzius. In New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sep 29, 2020, from https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/johann-martin-boltzius-1703-1765/
  64. ↑ https://loyolanotredamelib.org/php/report05/articles/pdfs/Report41Jones55-63.pdf
  65. ↑ Leffler CT, Schwartz SG, Wainsztein RD, Pflugrath A, Peterson E. Ophthalmology in North America: Early Stories (1491-1801). Ophthalmol Eye Dis. 2017 Jul 26;9:1179172117721902. doi: 10.1177/1179172117721902. PMID: 28804247; PMCID: PMC5533269. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5533269/
  66. ↑ Wikipedia Lutheran Church of the Ascension https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_the_Ascension_(Savannah,_Georgia)#:~:text=4%20Bibliography-,History,stands%2C%20adjacent%20to%20Wright%20Square.
  67. ↑ NOBLE, D., & Marsh, B. (1993). Detailed Reports of the Year 1759. In S. Urlsperger & G. F. JONES (Eds.), Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America...: Volume XVII: 1759-1760 (pp. 1–113). University of Georgia Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv21d6371.5 page 103
  68. ↑ NOBLE, D., & Marsh, B. (1993). Detailed Reports of the Year 1759. In S. Urlsperger & G. F. JONES (Eds.), Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America...: Volume XVII: 1759-1760 (pp. 1–113). University of Georgia Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv21d6371.5 p103-104
  69. ↑ Wikipedia Johann Martin Boltzius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Martin_Boltzius
  70. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault University of Georgia Will of John Martin Boltzius https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cwb/id/351
  71. ↑ Will of Johann Martin Boltzius written 1 Jun 1763 https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/904717:8635?tid=&pid=&queryId=95a4fed9df73690f62143da3be74dceb&_phsrc=Dda1&_phstart=successSource image pages 105-106 of 257
  72. ↑ The Georgia Gazette 21 Nov 1765 image 3, 2nd column https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn83016182/1765-11-21/ed-1/seq-3/
  73. ↑ Strobel, Rev. P. A. The Salzburgers and Their Descendants, 1855 https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/georgiabooks/pdfs/gb0265.pdf page 146
  74. ↑ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/123129567/john-martin-bolzius: accessed 11 August 2023), memorial page for Rev John Martin Bolzius (15 Dec 1703–19 Nov 1765), Find a Grave Memorial ID 123129567, citing Jerusalem Lutheran Church Cemetery, Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia, USA; Maintained by mjbliese (contributor 48053042).
  75. ↑ Old Ebenezer Church https://accessgenealogy.com/georgia/church-records-of-old-ebenezer-church-georgia.htm
  76. ↑ Wikipedia Bloodletting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodletting
  77. ↑ "Letters from Georgia, v. 14203, 1737 June–1739 January,"Transcripts of the Earl of Egmount papers, p13(88) digital images, Digital Library of Georgia https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/guan/ms1786/pdfs/ms1786-14203.pdf
  78. ↑ "Letters from Georgia, v. 14203, 1737 June–1739 January," Transcripts of the Earl of Egmount papers, p13(88) digital images, Digital Library of Georgia https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/guan/ms1786/pdfs/ms1786-14203.pdf
  79. ↑ Effingham Magazine Jerusalem Lutheran Church https://www.effinghammagazine.com/2019/10/09/338741/jerusalem-lutheran-churches
  80. ↑ Wikipedia Pietism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism
  81. ↑ Newman Numismatic Portal Washington University in St. Louis Early Paper Money of America, Georgia, 1735-50 Sola Bills https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/imagecollection/513774

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Images: 3
Johann Boltzius Image 4
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Plan of New Ebenezer, Ga.
Plan of New Ebenezer, Ga.
REAR VIEW- NORTHWEST - Jerusalem Church, Rincon, Effingham County, GA
REAR VIEW- NORTHWEST - Jerusalem Church, Rincon, Effingham County, GA


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Johann is 22 degrees from Emeril Lagasse, 24 degrees from Nigella Lawson, 27 degrees from Maggie Beer, 49 degrees from Mary Hunnings, 29 degrees from Joop Braakhekke, 28 degrees from Michael Chow, 24 degrees from Ree Drummond, 28 degrees from Paul Hollywood, 25 degrees from Matty Matheson, 28 degrees from Martha Stewart, 33 degrees from Danny Trejo and 32 degrees from Molly Yeh on our single family tree. Login to find your connection.

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Categories: Jerusalem Lutheran Church Cemetery, Effingham County, Georgia | Purysburg, Arrived 12 March 1734 | Georgia Salzburgers | St. Matthew Parish, Georgia | Notables | Georgia Colonists