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Charles the Bald was born 13 June 823.[2] He was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious (Hludowic) by his second wife Judith. [2] His father was Louis I "le Pieux"[1] and his mother was Judith Welf.[1]
829: granted Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy.[3].
837: Father Louis I "Le Debonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pepin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pepin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. [3]
24 Jul 840: emperor Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support land claims of Charles (from agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. [3]
24 June 841 Fontenoy-en-Puisaye: defeats brothers Lothar in spite of arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and loss of 40,000 lives) and Louis Le Germanique. [3]
14 Feb 842 Strasbourg: Charles and Louis sign alliance. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Chalon-sur-Saone, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. [3]
01 Oct 842: each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhone, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude.[3]
He married first on 13 Dec 842 in Quierzy, Aisne (867 separated) Ermentrudis d'Orleans (27 Sep 830 - 06 Oct 869; p. Eudes, Comte d'Orleans and Engeltrudis). [4]
843: Charles signs Treaty of Verdun ... splits Kingdom of Charlemagne. ... destiny of Occidental Europe heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between Rhine and Escaut, Cambresis, Hainaut, country of Mezieres, and all countships neighboring the Meuse, through Saone and Rhone, Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. Kingdom of Charlemagne split forever, with serious rift between germanic lands of Louis, and French lands of Charles. Intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from North Sea to Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland a sore point between these two. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located in his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor.[3]
845-851: fought Brittany (Bretagne) -- victorious. [3]
6 June 848: King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. [3]
849 Corbie: had Charles of Aquitaine jailed [3]
850: attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Nomenoe takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. [3]
860: Nomenoe ravages Maine ... King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendome. [3]
852: Charles has Pepin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Medard de Soissons. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. [3]
853: loyalty of Aquitaine shifts, and Louis the German called in to help against Charles le Chauve ... defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pepin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. [3]
859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875: Charles fights Louis for Lorraine[3]
9 Sep 869 Metz: Charles annoints himself King of Lorraine by the Bishop Hincmar.[3]
Mar 867: Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 Sep in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. [3]
He married secondly on 22 Jan 870 in Aix-la-Chapelle) Richildis. She died 30 Jan in 910 or later; p. Buvinus "Bouvin" and UNKNOWN of Arles). [4]
Charles the Bald died 6 October 877. [2]
While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis.[3]
Died while ill and traveling through the pass of Mont Cenis at Brides-les-Bain, while on his way to Gaul.
Buried at the abbey of Nantua, Burgundy.
Charles II & his first wife Ermentrude had nine children:[5]
Charles and Richildis had five children:[9]
See also:
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