The second Frankish emperor, Louis the Pious as he is known in English, was the son and heir of the first Frankish emperor, Charlemagne.[1][2]
His name Louis was still pronounced in an older way in his time. In later Latin it is typically written as Ludovicus, but in his own lifetime it was spelled for example as Hludowicus. (It is in fact the same name as the first Frankish king of France, Clovis I.)[3] Other modern variants of his name include:
French: Louis le pieux.
Dutch: Lodewijk de Vrome
German: Ludwig der Fromme
He also had the title "King of the Aquitainians" and as of 02 Feb 814: Emperor Louis I "der le fromme / le pieux".
Chronology
778. He was born between April and September in 778, the youngest legitimate son of Charlemagne by his wife Hildegarde.[2],
781. King of the Aquitainians in Rome 15 Apr 781 by Pope Hadrian I.[1][2]
Approximately 794. He married his first wife in 794, Ermengarde, the daughter of Ingram, who was a brother of Chrodegang, bishop of Metz.[4][2]
813. His father named him as his successor at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), crowning him as joint emperor 11 Sep 813, while his nephew Bernard, the son of his late older brother Pépin, was declared king of Italy.
814. Upon his father's death he became soul emperor.
816. Crowned by Pope Stephen IV at Reims.
817. He made his oldest son Lothaire a joint emperor.
818. Having defeated and killed his nephew Bernard, he became king of Italy as well.[2]
819. He married secondly in February 819 at Aix-la-Chapelle Judith the daughter of count Welf. [4][2]
833. He was temporarily replaced as emperor by his son Lothaire when he and his brothers Pépin, and Louis revolted.[2]
840. He died 20 Jun 840 island in Rhine (near Ingelheim) and was buried at the église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul, Metz [1]
Issue
1. Louis I & Ermengarde had at least 5 or possibly more children:[5]
Rotrude, born 799[7] Cawley shows a birth year for Hrotrud (Rotrude) of 800. [5][8]
Uncertain. Berta. Cawley notes that Settipani cites charters which name Berta as the daughter of Emperor Louis. [5] However, see Baldwin, who rejects this daughter.[2]
↑ 6.06.16.2 Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris, cited in the Medlands Data Base, names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" as sons of Emperor Ludwig I & his wife Ermengard. Cited by Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ 8.08.1 Cawley notes that the Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hlotharium Pipinum et Hludovicum Rotrudim et Hildegardim" as children of "Hludovicus ymperator…ex Yrmingardi regina" Cited by Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Karolum et Gislam" children of "Hludovicus ymperator…ex Iudith ymperatrice" Cited by Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the birth of "Karolus filius Ludowici" in Frankfurt "Idus Iun 824"]. Cited by Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ The Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis records that "rex Francorum qui et imperator Romanorum" (which appears to indicate Charles II "le Chauve") gave his sister in marriage to "vir nobilissimo genere decoratus", that the couple had two sons to whom their uncle gave "in Alemannia loca…Potamum et Brigantium, Ubirlingin et Buochorn, Ahihusin et Turingen atque Heistirgou, Wintirture…et in Retia Curiensi Mesouch", and that one of the sons returned to France while the other "Oudalricus" retained all the property in Alamannia. Research of Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ Cawley notes that "Flodoard refers to "Ludowicus Alpheidi filie sue uxori Begonis comitis." Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
↑ Cawley notes that the Chronicon Moissacense names "quartum…filium [Ludovici]…ex concubina…Arnulfum" recording that his father gave him the county of Sens[234]. Comte de Sens 817. Charles Cawley and the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands: Germany, Kings and Emperors. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LudwigIIleGermanique
Accessed January 10, 2017
John: Thank-you for the clarifications. I'm going to leave the first name as listed for now, but add a bit of your explanation in the bio section. I'll also implement your suggestion about the title.
Hludowic or Hludovic is the Latin form of his name see the sections in italics here http://home.earthlink.net/~henryproject/hproject/prov/louis000.htm If you are suggesting that we use the modern equivalent of this name Louis or Ludwig, then that is a different question. Also titles do belong in the nickname field according to the EuroAristo naming standards, however I would take out King of the Aquitainians which was a minor title and replace with Holy Roman Emperor.
I agree with Andrew, it makes more sense to use the Latin form, to avoid confusion when he is connected to his other family members, and to stay consistent with most of the other related profiles. We can still put the Frankish reconstruction in the bio to maintain all the information. I also suggest we put the various titles in the Name and Titles section of the bio, rather than as the middle name field. Any objections to making these changes?
He was also called "the debonaire". I note this title was referred to on his son's page leading to someone thinking Wikitree had attached the wrong father.
Coming from a confusion on his son's page, as the Frankish names are normally theoretical reconstructions, I think a more common solution for this period is to use the Latin forms which were used by speakers of all languages in this period. I would tend to explain Frankish reconstructions in the body.
Pious-4 and Carolingian-76 appear to represent the same person because: I think they are meant to be the same person, even though the birth dates are very different.
Spouse also needs to be merged
And he certainly didn't die in Mainz-Bingen (created in 1969), Rheinland-Pfalz (created in 1946), Germany (created in 1871).
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