William Cavendish KG KB PC (1592 - 1676)

Born 6 Dec 1592 in Handsworth Manor, Yorkshire, England

Ancestors

Husband of Margaret (Lucas) Cavendish — married 1645 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Seine-et-Oise, Île-de-France, France

Descendants

Died 25 Dec 1676 at age 84 in Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, England

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Biography

William Cavendish KG KB PC was born in Yorkshire, England.

William Cavendish (b. 06 Dec 1592 Handsworth Manor, co. Yorks - d. 25 Dec 1676 Welbeck Abbey; bur. Westminster Abbey), lived through the reigns of three kings:

1. James I
2. Charles I
3. Charles II

He went to St. John's College, Cambridge and was later reknown across Europe for his, "equestrian skills and expertise as a swordsman."^[1]

He was created Duke of Newcastle.^[2][3]

Cavendish was the second son of:

• Sir Charles Cavendish of Wellbeck
• and Catherine Ogle, Baroness Ogle, dau. of Cuthbert, 7th Baron Ogle & Catherine Carnaby; sis. of Jane, Countess Shrewsbury.^[4][5]

His parents married around c. 1592.^[4] Through his father, he was a direct descendant of Bess of Hardwick (1527 -1608).^[6]

Cavendish pedigree, (Hunther, 1814).

Bess of Hardwick

Cavendish was the brother of Sir Charles Cavendish (d. 04 Feb 1654).^[7]

Marriage

Cavendish married twice to:

1. Elizabeth Basset (b. bef. 1602 – d. 16 Apr 1643; bur. 19 Apr Bolsover).^[8]
2. m. (Apr 1645) Margaret Lucas (b. c. 1623 - dsp).

Basset died during the early period of the English Civil war. His second wife Margaret Lucas, is a notable female writer. She also authored of the duke's biography, published in 1667.^[9]

Basset of Blore

Elizabeth Basset was the widow of Henry Howard,^[8] a younger son of Thomas, Earl Suffolk and Katherine Knyvett. She's the mother of all Cavendish' children. Her parents were:^[10]

• William Basset, Esq. of Blore, Staffordshire,
• and Judith, dau. of Thomas Austen of Oxley, Staffordshire.

Cavendish's mother-in-law Judith Austen, married three times. William Basset was her second husband. She was previously married to Sir William Boothby, Bt. Her last was Sir Richard Corbet of Morton Corbet, co. Salop.

children

Elizabeth is said to have had ten children with Cavendish, but only five survived.^[1]

• 1. Charles "died young" (b. 1617 - d. age 3, bur. 09 Apr 1620 Bolsover)..^[11]
• 2. William "died young" (bur. 06 Jun 1626 Bolsover).^[11]
• 3. William, Viscount Mansfield (bur. 17 Feb 1632/3 Bolsover).^[11]
• 4. Charles, Viscount Mansfield (dsp. June 1659, age 32).^[11]
• 5. Henry, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (b. 1630 - d. 26 Jul 1691 Welbeck; bur. 12 Aug Bolsover),^[11][12] MP for co. Derby.^[13]

m. (1652) Frances Pierrpont (b. 01 Sep 1630 Thoresby, co. Notts. - d. 22/3 Sep 1695 London; bur. 05 Oct Bolsover),^[14] dau. of William Pierrepont of Thoresby,^[12] & sis. of Grace, wife of Gilbert Holes, 3rd Earl of Clare (1633-89).

• Jane (living 1654).^[12]

m. Charles Cheney of Chesham Boys, co. Bucks.^[12]

• Elizabeth (b. c. 1627 – d. 14 Jun 1663, age 37; bur. Little Gaddesden).^[12]

m. (21 Jul 1641 license) John Egerton, Lord Brackley later 2nd Earl Bridgewater.

• Frances (b. bef. 1641 – dsp. 15 Aug 1678; bur. Bletso).^[12]

m. (14 Dec 1654) Oliver St. John, 2nd Earl Bolingbroke.^[12]

• Katherine "died young" (bur. 18 Feb 1628 Bolsover).^[12]

....

Lucas of St. John's

In April 1645, Cavendish remarried to Margaret Lucas (b. 1623? St. John's Abby near Colchester - dsp. 15 Dec 1673 Welbeck; bur. 07 Jan 1674 Westminster Abbey).^[8][15]

They first met in Paris during April 1645, when she was a Maid-of-Honor to the Queen-Mother of England. They eventually married at St. Richard Browne's Chapel in Paris.^[16]

Lucas was the daughter of:

• Thomas Lucas (c.1573–1625), son of Sir Thomas Lucas of St. John's, Colchester (c.1531–1611).^[15]
• and Elizabeth (d. 1647), dau. of John Leighton of London.^[15]

Royalist

Cavendish was a loyal Royalist during the English Civil Wars, but he was not a military tactician. This is not simply due to the fact his forces were defeated at Marston Moor. From the beginning .... his role was more administrative in terms of financing and organizing troops to support Charles I.

Not only did he entertain the king, Cavendish raised his own troops, and funded the king's wars to the tune of almost £1,000,000.^[17][18] His second wife gave the exact figure at £941,303.^[8]

According to the record, it was clearly voluntary but the war inevitably took a toll on Cavendish' finances.^[19] It would appear that his wife was more concerned than he, due to the fact that her 1667 work includes an itemized budget of rents. Lucas (1886), even relates that while abroad, Cavendish was living off credit but at some point could no longer borrow.^[20]

Her work conveys a sense that the couple were emotionally distressed about their bills. ... or at least she was, since she certainly made a point of describing herself as a `melancholy' type of individual. But at the same time, it also shows us that the duke owned a vast amount property in various counties across England.

In any case... the duke failed at carving out a state career. He was a sportsman at heart and excelled in two areas:

1. horsemanship
2. and swordsmanship.

Military

• 22 Apr - 16 Jul 1644: Siege of York.^[21]
• 2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor.^[22]

After being defeated at the Battle of Marston Moor Cavendish, along with his sons Charles and Henry, went into exile abroad.

After the defeat at Marston Moor, Cavendish left the country with his brother and two of his sons:

1. Charles
2. Henry.

The record here is strange in terms of primary accounts about the impact of his emotions on his behavior. ...^{[citation needed]} ...

In any case, Cavendish did not stay in any one particular place. The record shows that he was in:

• Rotterdam
• Paris
• Antwerp...

at various times.^[23]

Titles

James I

• 8 Jas. I: Knight of the Bath (KB age 15 or 16).^[24][25]
• 1620: Viscount Mansfield.^[24]
• Baron of Bolsover.^[24]

Charles I

• Lord Lt. of Notts.^[24]
• Lord Warden of the Forest of Sherwood.^[24]
• Lord Lt. of Derby.^[24]
• Jun 1610: Gov. to future Charles II.^[24][1]
• Privy Council member.^[24]
• Gov. of Newcastle.^[24]
• General of H.M. forces in the northern parts of England, as well as co. Notts, Lincs, Rutland, Derby, Staffs, Leics, Warwick, Northants, Hunts, Cambs, Norf, Sussex, Essex & Herts.^[24]
• 07 Mar 1628 (3 Chas I): Earl of Newcastle.^[26][27][28]
• 1629: 9th Lord Ogle of Ogle & Bothal.^[8]
• Baron of Bothal & Hepple.^[26][27]
• Marquess of Newcastle.^[24]

Charles II

• 1650: Order of the Garter (K.G.), investiture in 1661.^[1]
• Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North
• 1665: Duke of Newcastle

Assets

Welbeck Abbey, co. Notts.

"At the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the site was granted by ... Henry VIII to Richard Whalley, of Screveton. After being owned by a City of London clothier, the abbey was purchased by Gilbert, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury ... in 1599, and sold to Sir Charles Cavendish, son of Bess of Hardwick in 1607. It passed to his son William Cavendish."^[29]

Bothal, co. Northumb.

Bothal Castle.

History of Bothal Castle.

Pedigree of Bertram & Ogle

succession

"The Cavendish inheritance descended ... through the female line, passing from Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1630-1691) to his daughter, Margaret (1661-1716) who married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare (1662-1711).

Their daughter, Henrietta Cavendish Holles (1694-1755), inherited the bulk of the Cavendish estates after litigation. She married Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford (1689 - 1741).

Henrietta Cavendish Holles

Edward Harley

Margaret Cavendish Harley

In 1743, their daughter, Margaret Cavendish Harley, married William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (1709-1762).^[30]

Bibliography

Cavendish was renowned across Europe in his lifetime for his 1667 work on horsemanship.

• Méthode et invention nouvelle de dresser les chevaux (1658)
• La methode et inuention nouuelle de dresser les cheuaux par le tres-noble, haut, et tres-puissant prince Guillaume marquis et comte de Newcastle (1658)
• A New Method and Extraordinary Invention to Dress Horses and Work them according to Nature (1667)
• Plays
  • 1649: The Country Captain, or Captain Underwit (performed by the King's Men at the Blackfriars theater). (1649). "The King's Men was the acting company to which William Shakespeare (1564–1616) belonged for most of his career. Formerly known as the Lord Chamberlain's Men during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, they became the King's Men in 1603 when King James I ascended the throne and became the company's patron," ^[31]
  • The Varietie (1649)
  • The Triumphant Widow. Performed 1674, printed 1677. ^[32]
  • 1667: The Humorous Lovers. Performed 1667, printed 1677

Editor Notes

T o . D o &clubs

• test on mobile
• add more abt. English Civil War.^[18]
• 1641: plain rents (itemized) for co. Notts, Lincs, Derby, Staffs, Gloucs, Somerset, Yorks, & Northumb.^[33]
• Earl of Ogle -- CAUTION: entry in Ogle (1902), doesn't mention this Wm. Cavendish as having title `Earl of Ogle' ... only mentions it w/ son. This Wm. Cavendish was 9th Lord Ogle of Ogle & Bothal, co. Northumb.
• residence: england; rotterdam; paris; antwerp
• Earl of Ogle.^[26] -- title seems to apply to one of Wm. Cavendish' sons...

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3} William Cavendish, Marquis of Newcastle, 1593-1676. British Civil Wars (BCW) Project. Bcwproject.org. Web.
2. ↑ "William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne," in britannica.com.
   Wikipedia: William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
   Chalmers, A, (1813). The General Biographical Dictionary, 8, pp. 481 - 91. London. Google Books. see also: Space: The General Biographical Dictionary
3. ↑ William [Cavendish], KG PC, (cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Web.)
   Lucas (1885), seems to say that during the time Cavendish was in exile, one of his sons was passed the title of "Earl of Ogle."
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Hasler, P.W. (1981). "Cavendish, Sir Charles (1553-1617), of Welbeck Abbey, Notts," in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558-1603. Boydell and Brewer. HOP. Web.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Ogle, H.A. (1902). Ogle & Bothal, p. 72.
   see also: Space: Ogle and Bothal
6. ↑ Hunter, J. (1814). Who Wrote Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, pp. 45 Google Books. Pedigree.[1]
7. ↑ Lucas, 1886, p. 112.[2]
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4} Ogle, 1902, p. 74
9. ↑ Lucas, 1886
10. ↑ Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 5(2), pp.45). Google Books.
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4} Ogle, 1902, p. 75
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7} Ogle, 1902, p. 76
13. ↑ Wikipedia: Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle
14. ↑ Wikipedia: Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle#Family
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1 15.2} Fitzmaurice, J. (2019). "Cavendish [née Lucas], Margaret, duchess of Newcastle upon Tynefree," Oxford DNB. OxfordDNB.com https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/4940. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
16. ↑ Lucas, 1886, p. 86.[3]
17. ↑ historicalportraits.com
18. ↑ ^{18.0 18.1} Other Ogles & allied families who were Royalists:
    • Sir William Ogle, Viscount of Catherlough aka Sir William Ogle of Winchester. (see also: Category: Hirst, Northumberland, Ogle Name Study).
    • Ogles of Pinchbeck, co. Lincs. (see: Category: Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, Ogle Name Study)
19. ↑ Ogle, 1902; Lucas, 1886
20. ↑ Lucas, 1886
21. ↑ Wikipedia: Siege of York
22. ↑ "English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor," (2006, June 12). Military History. Historynet.com. Web.
    Adams, S. (2019, June 25). "Battle of Marston Moor," in Encyclopedia Britannica. Britannica.com. Web.
    Wikipedia: Battle of Marston Moor.
23. ↑ Ogle, 1902; Lucas, 1885
24. ↑ ^{24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10} Lucas, 1885, p. 189.[4]
25. ↑ Nottinghamia Vetus et Nova, p. 191.[5]
26. ↑ ^{26.0 26.1 26.2} Lucas, 1886, p. 190.[6]
27. ↑ ^{27.0 27.1} Cavendish, 1886, p. 9, (footnotes).[7]
28. ↑ see also:
    • "23 Oct 1639, Complete list, Pat. Rolls, 2858, 15 Chas. 1," (1912). Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 3, pp. 331. Staffordshire Record Society. Archive.org; citing "Earl of Newcastle,"
    • Space: Collections for the History of Staffordshire
29. ↑ Wikipedia: Welbeck Abbey#History
30. ↑ Papers of the Cavendish Family, 1563-1707.[8]
31. ↑ Wikipedia: King's Men (playing company). Wikipedia: The Country Captain; Wikipedia: Blackfriars Theatre
32. ↑ From the Collections at the Library of Congress
33. ↑ Lucas, 1886, p. 143-4.[9]

• Cavendish, M. (1886). The Life of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, to Which is Added the True Relation of my Birth, Breeding and Life. C.H. Firth, M.A., Ed. London: John C. Nimmo. Archive.org. eBook.
  • 1st ed. published 1667
• Deering, C. (1751). Nottinghamia Vetus et Nova, pp. 191. Notts: George Ayscough & Thomas Willington. Google Books.
  • Space: Nottinghamia Vetus et Nova
• Papers of the Cavendish Family, 1563-1707, in the Portland (Welbeck) Collection. Manuscripts and Special Collections. University of Nottingham. Web.
  • see also: "Papers of the Cavendish family, Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne and the Cavendish-Bentinck family, Dukes of Portland, of Bolsover Castle and Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, including the Portland Literary Papers from the library at Welbeck Abbey. Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham Information Services. Univ. of Nottingham. nottingham.ac.uk. Web.

See Also...

• Space: Camden Society Series
  • research Cavendish
• Edwards, P. & Graham, E. (2016). Authority, Authorship and Aristocratic Identity in Seventeenth-Century England. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004326217. ISBN: 978-90-04-32621.
  • see synopis @ brill.com

Notes...

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