Christopher Colombo
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Cristoforo Colombo (bef. 1451 - 1506)

Ammiraglio Cristoforo (Christopher) Colombo aka Columbus, Colón
Born before in Republic of Genoa, Italymap
Ancestors ancestors
Husband of — married [date unknown] in Vila Baleira, Madeira, Portugalmap
Descendants descendants
Died after age 54 in Valladolid, Castilla y León, Españamap
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Profile last modified | Created 17 Apr 2014
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Christopher Colombo è un italiano notabile.
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Contents

Biography in English

Notables Project
Christopher Colombo is Notable.

Christopher Columbus (english); Cristoforo Colombo (italian), Cristóbol Colón (spanish); Christophorus Columbus (latin).

In the year 1451 Christopher Columbus (christened Christophorus Columbus) was born in Genoa, Italy, son of the wool carder Doménico Colombo and Susana Fontanarossa. His family had a weaving tradition and maintained a workshop in the lower part of the city. From a young age, Cristóbal showed that he had no intention of staying linked to manual crafts and began to try his luck at sea. In the 1470s, Columbus toured the Mediterranean Sea, reaching the island of Quío (or Chío) and the waters of Tunisia. Then he traveled to England, from where he made a trip to Iceland. On his return he settled in Portugal and devoted himself, along with his brother Bartholomew, to drawing sea charts (portulanos) to sell in Lisbon. In that way they were linked to important geographers of the time, such as Fernão Martins or Paolo del Pozzo Toscanelli. At this same time, Cristóbal learned a rudimentary Latin that would help him read the works of the wise. In addition, he was commissioned to make a trip to the island of Madera to acquire a shipment of sugar. In 1479 he married Felipa Moniz de Perestrello, daughter of the first governor of Porto Santo de Madera, with whom he had his son Diego, future viceroy of the Indies. In 1483, Columbus had the opportunity of visiting the Portuguese factories (essentially an early form of free-trade zone or transshipment point) on the coast of Africa. With all this travel history he developed his project to reach the Indies in the west. The Portuguese stage of Columbus' life culminated in 1485, when, his project rejected by a commission appointed by King Juan II and his wife, he moved to Spain with his son. Welcomed by the Franciscans of the convent of La Rabida near the port of Palos de la Frontera, Spain, and helped by the former confessor of Queen Isabel, Fray Juan Pérez, Columbus presented his project to the Catholic Monarchs, who, after two rejections, in April 1492 granted him the Capitulations of Santa Fe. Shortly before that he had his second son, Hernando, the result of his union with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana. Once the trip that allowed Columbus to arrive on American coasts was completed, he continued to conduct projects for the crown of Spain. However, despite having made three more trips to America and being recognized as a great navigator and explorer, he would never know that he had reached a continent unknown to the Europeans of that time. He also had to face many problems, both with the crown and with the first settlers of the island of Hispaniola, due to his incompetence as administrator and governor of the new possessions. He died in Valladolid in 1506.

The Language of Columbus

Controversy exists about the mother tongue of Christopher Columbus. Most of his writings are in Castilian Spanish but with obvious linguistic twists coming from other languages ​​of the Iberian Peninsula, that many consider to be of Portuguese origin. There are also several researchers and linguists who support the hypothesis that they are Galician or Catalan. There do not seem to exist any documents written in Italian by Columbus, except for a marginal note, apparently with poor grammar. He did not write in Italian even when he addressed his children or his brothers; not even to the Bank of San Giorgio de Genoa. He also did not seem to dominate Latin and wrote it with Hispanic influence, not Italian. Several historians believe that he was a typical man of the sea who expressed himself in various languages ​​without mastering any, or perhaps speaking the lingua franca or jargon of the eastern Mediterranean.

Christopher Columbus has 10 United States counties named after him. They are:

  • Columbus County, North Carolina
  • Columbiana, Ohio
  • and Columbus County in the following states: Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; New York; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Washington; Wisconsin.

Biografía en Español

Christopher Columbus (inglés); Cristoforo Colombo (italiano), Cristóbol Colón (español); Christophorus Columbus (latín).

El año de 1451 nació en Génova (Italia) Cristóbal Colón, hijo del cardador de lana Doménico Colombo y de Susana Fontanarossa. Su familia era de tradición tejedora y mantenía un taller en la parte baja de la ciudad. Desde muy joven, Cristóbal demostró que no tenía intenciones de mantenerse ligado a los oficios manuales y comenzó a probar suerte en el mar. En la década de 1470, Colón recorrió el mar Mediterráneo, llegando hasta la isla de Quío (o Chío) y a las aguas de Túnez. Luego viajó hasta Inglaterra, desde donde realizó una travesía a Islandia. A su regreso se estableció en Portugal y se dedicó, junto a su hermano Bartolomé, a dibujar cartas marinas (portulanos) para venderlas en Lisboa. De esa manera, los Colón se vincularon a importantes geógrafos de la época como Fernão Martins o Paolo del Pozzo Toscanelli. En esta misma época Cristóbal aprendió un latín rudimentario que le serviría para leer las obras de los sabios. Además, fue comisionado a efectuar un viaje a las islas de Madera para adquirir un cargamento de azúcar. En 1479 se casó con Felipa Moniz de Perestrello, hija del primer gobernador de Porto Santo de Madera, con quien tuvo a su hijo Diego, futuro virrey de las Indias. En 1483, Colón tuvo la oportunidad de conocer las factorías portuguesas en las costas de Africa. Con todo este bagaje trazó su proyecto de alcanzar las Indias por el oeste. La etapa portuguesa de Colón culminó en 1485, cuando, rechazado su proyecto por una comisión designada por el rey Juan II y muerta su esposa, se trasladó a España junto a su hijo. Acogido por los franciscanos del convento de La Rábida en las cercanías del puerto de Palos de la Frontera, España, y ayudado por el ex-confesor de la reina Isabel la Católica, fray Juan Pérez, Colón presentó su proyecto a los Reyes Católicos, quienes, tras dos rechazos, en abril de 1492 le otorgaron las Capitulaciones de Santa Fe. Poco antes había tenido a su segundo hijo, Hernando, fruto de la unión con Beatriz Enríquez de Arana. Una vez concluido el viaje que permitió a Colón arribar a costas americanas, continuó realizando empresas para la corona de España. Sin embargo, a pesar de haber emprendido tres viajes más hacia América y ser reconocido como un gran navegante y explorador, nunca llegaría a saber que había alcanzado un continente desconocido para los europeos de aquel entonces. Asimismo, tuvo que enfrentar muchos problemas, tanto con la corona como con los primeros pobladores de la isla La Española, debido a su incompetencia como administrador y gobernador de las nuevas posesiones. Falleció en Valladolid en 1506.

El Idioma de Colón

Sobre la lengua materna de Cristóbal Colón existe controversia. La mayor parte de sus escritos están en castellano​ pero con evidentes giros lingüísticos procedentes de otras lenguas de la península ibérica, que muchos coinciden en señalar como lusismos.​ Hay varios investigadores y lingüistas que apoyan la hipótesis de que son galleguismos​ o catalanismos.​ No parecen existir escritos en italiano realizados por Colón, salvo alguna nota marginal, al parecer con una redacción deficiente. No escribía en italiano ni cuando se dirigía a sus hijos o a sus hermanos; ni siquiera al Banco de San Giorgio de Génova.​ El latín tampoco parecía dominarlo y lo escribía con influencia hispánica más no italiana.​ Varios historiadores opinan que se trata de un típico hombre de la mar que se expresa en diversas lenguas sin llegar a dominar bien ninguna, o que quizá hablase la lingua franca o jerga levantisca.

Aquí hay diez territorios a los que Cristóbal Colón le dio el nombre y que aún siguen llamándose así: Antigua y Barbuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, La Española, Puerto Rico, Santa Lucía, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Trinidad (hoy Trinidad y Tobago).

Sources

  • Wikidata: Item Q7322, en:Wikipedia help.gif
  • Madariaga, Salvador De; Christopher Columbus, Being the Life of The Very Magnificent Lord Don Cristobal Colon. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1940
  • Grandes Biografías de México. (2003). Madrid, España: Cultural, S. A.




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Comments: 10

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I just learned in one of my courses that Columbus has genetic roots to Portugal even though he was born in Italy. I think this will be an interesting research discussion for this profile.
posted by Adriana Hazelton
Source: Dennis, Yvonne Wakim and Hirschfelder, Arlene, A Kid's Guide to Native American History, pg xii, Chicago Review Press, 2010
posted by Lisa (Kelsey) Murphy
According to the Library of Congress and history expert James W. Loewen, there is no known picture of Christopher Columbus ever painted during his lifetime. All pictures currently presented in textbooks are false.

You can hear Mr. Loewen's explanation at 27:45 in the following YouTube video. (The link goes directly to 27:45).

https://youtu.be/okcfKaC87r4?t=1661

We might be more accurate than Wikipedia by removing the images, or by adding a disclaimer that the images are not accurate.

Have a super day!

posted by Keith Hathaway