Marguerite (Capet) de France (1310 - 1382)

Born 1310 in Paris, Île-de-France, France

Ancestors

Descendants

Died 9 May 1382 at about age 72 in Flanders, France

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Biography

Marguerite I^re de Bourgogne

Marguerite I^re de Bourgogne1 (1309 - 9 mai 1382), fut princesse de France, comtesse de Bourgogne et comtesse d'Artois de 1361 à 1382.

Marguerite de France naît en 1309, fille cadette du roi Philippe V le Long et de la comtesse Jeanne II de Bourgogne et d'Artois.

En 1320, elle épouse le comte Louis I^er de Flandre (v.1304-1346), comte de Nevers (Louis II, 1322-1346),comte de Flandre (Louis Ier, 1322-1346) et comte de Rethel (Louis II, apr. 1325-1346), union dont est issu :

• Louis II de Flandre (1330-1384), dit Louis II de Male, comte de Flandre (Louis II), comte de Nevers et de Rethel (Louis III) (1346-1383), comte de Bourgogne et d'Artois (Louis I^er, 1382-1383).

Marguerite hérita en 1361 du mari de sa petite fille, le duc Philippe I^er de Bourgogne les titres des comtés de Bourgogne et d'Artois.

À sa mort, en 1382, son fils Louis hérite des deux titres de comte de Bourgogne et d'Artois. Elle repose à l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis

Sa petite-fille, la comtesse Marguerite III de Flandre appelée aussi Marguerite de Dampierre, héritière des comtés de Flandre, Nevers, Rethel, Brabant, Limbourg, fut mariée le 14 mai 1357 à son cousin le duc Philippe Ier de Bourgogne et, qu'à ce titre, de manière nominale et « consorte », elle a précédé sa grand-mère au titre de comtesse de Bourgogne et d'Artois. Finalement, à la mort en 1384 de son père Louis II de Flandre, Marguerite de Dampierre hérita suo jure des deux titres de comtesse de Bourgogne et d'Artois.

Voir aussi

• Maison d'Ivrée - Comté de Bourgogne
• Histoire de la Bourgogne - Histoire de la Franche-Comté
• Liste des ducs de Bourgogne - Liste des comtes de Bourgogne

Wikipédia: Marguerite Ire de Bourgogne (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Ire_de_Bourgogne : accessed 23 Mar 2013)

Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy

Margaret of France (1310 – 9 May 1382) was a medieval noblewoman, reigning Countess Palatine of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) and Countess of Artois, ruling both as Margaret I, as well as countess-consort of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel. Her father was Philip V, king of France from 1316-22.

Early life

She was born in 1310, the second daughter of Joan II, Countess of Burgundy, and her husband Philip, Count of Poitiers, afterwards King Philip V of France. Margaret's mother was Countess Palatine of Burgundy (daughter and heiress of Otto IV, Count of Burgundy) and Queen consort of France; Margaret's father was the second son of king Philip IV of France and Queen regnant Joan I of Navarre.

Marriage

In 1316 her father became King Philip V of France, following the premature death of her infant first cousin John I of France. Margaret was married to Louis I, Count of Flanders (1304–1346), who was ruler of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel from 1322. Her husband was dependent on her father in suppressing the rebellion of Nicolaas Zannekin. Her father died in 1322, and by law the crown was inherited by her uncle, Charles, Count of La Marche.

Margaret's mother, Joan II, succeeded her own mother, Mahaut, Countess of Artois, as ruler of Artois in 1329. Margaret's elder sister Joan, Duchess of Burgundy (1308–49) inherited the county when their mother died in 1330, becoming Countess of Artois and Palatine Countess of Burgundy.

Her husband Louis was killed in the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. He and Margaret had one son, Louis II, Count of Flanders (1330–84), who in 1346 succeeded in Flanders, Nevers and Rethel and for whom she acted as a regent in the beginning of his reign. In 1355, the younger Louis claimed the duchy of Brabant in right of his wife, but Joanna, Duchess of Brabant, managed to keep her possessions.

Personal rule

In 1357, her granddaughter, Margaret III of Flanders (1350–1405), then seven years old, was married to Margaret's great-nephew Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (1346–1361), who, therefore, was the young bride's second cousin. The girl thus became duchess-consort of Burgundy, as well as countess-consort of Artois and the County Palatine of Burgundy (also called Franche-Comté); in 1360, the couple became Count and Countess-consort of Boulogne and Auvergne.

The coastal Low Countries was a restless region in the latter half of 14th century, due to civil strife. Margaret succeeded in 1361 her great-nephew Philip I, Duke of Burgundy as ruler of Artois and Franche-Comté (County Palatine of Burgundy), since her elder sister Joan's line became extinct upon his death. Thus Margaret, already Dowager Countess of Flanders, now became a ruler in her own right.

Her granddaughter, Margaret, was now a widow due to the premature death of Philip of Burgundy. The duchy of Burgundy, having since 1330 been united to the counties of Palatine Burgundy and Artois, now passed to one of its two senior heirs, John II of France (the other, Charles the Bad of Navarre, had been kept from inheriting due to his genealogical distance from the Dukes of Burgundy).

In 1369, Margaret III of Flanders, now 19 years old, and Margaret I of Burgundy's only grandchild, married Philip the Bold (1342–1404), King John's youngest son, who had become Duke of Burgundy in 1363 (having given up his previous duchy of Touraine in exchange); thus, Margaret again became Duchess consort of Burgundy.

According to Guizot, whilst Margaret I favoured the marriage of her granddaughter to Philip the Bold, the girl's father, Louis of Flanders, and the Flemish communes, preferring England to France, were unwilling to arrange the marriage. Reputedly, Margaret, vexed at the ill will of the count her son, had one day said to him, as she tore open her dress before his eyes, "Since you will not yield to your mother's wishes, I will cut off these breasts which gave suck to you, to you and to no other, and will throw them to the dogs to devour." Louis, persuaded, agreed to the marriage.[1]

The unrest in coastal Low Countries escalated to open rebellions in Margaret's last years. A revolt in Ghent was put down by joint operation of Margaret's son Louis II of Flanders and grandson-in-law Philip II of Burgundy. However, after the Battle of Beverhoutsveld Louis II was expelled from Flanders by the Flemings under Philip van Artevelde. A French army (and Duke Philip) came to help them to regain Flanders, and the revolting Flemings were decisively defeated at the Battle of Roosebeke the same year in which Margaret died. However, the citizens of Ghent continued to resist (with English aid) and it was left to her granddaughter and her consort to subdue the town.

Countess Margaret died in 1382. Her counties of Artois and Burgundy were inherited by her only son Louis, Count of Flanders, who survived her just for two years. In 1384, all her possessions, together with Louis' inheritance (Flanders, etc.), went to her only surviving grandchild, Margaret, the then duchess-consort of Burgundy, who thus became possessor of Palatine County of Burgundy and county of Artois, countess in her own right, where she had been countess-consort almost thirty years earlier, as they then were held by her first husband.

Wikipedia: Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy : accessed 23 Mar 2013)