Lone Deer Caīžąkēga Decora (abt. 1800)

Born about 1800 in Wisconsin, Indiana Territory, United States

Ancestors

Biography

Lone Deer Decora was a Wisconsinite.

Lone Deer was Ho-Chunk.

Lone Deer Decora is Notable.

Birth

Linda Waggoner recently discovered that Caīžąkēga was the son of "Old" Decora, and that he had the name "Lone Deer".^[1] He was probably born around 1800.

Name

Foster’s version of his name is Tchä́ēzha̬nkǽḵä, which in a better transliteration is Cáīžąkēga. This can be analyzed as ca, “deer”; (h)īžą, “a, one”; -kē, "when suffixed to a ordinal number, it indicates the total number ("the n of them”)."^[2] The -ga is a definite article suffix used in personal names. This is difficult to render in English. Dorsey translates hižąke simply as “one”. The suffix -kē puts emphasis on the aggregate exemplifying the number, Peter Menaige translated this for Foster as "lone, lonely". So Cáīžąkē was translated as "Lone Deer”. “Lonely Deer”, however, carries inappropriate emotional implications.

The problem with such a name is that it suggests membership in the Deer Clan, a Lower Moiety clan; but Cáīžąkēga is a Decorah, and therefore a member of the Thunderbird Clan. It would have to have been an honorific nickname, but its significance as such is unclear.

Occupation

"Tshizunhaukau was not a regular medicine-man, but he practised the art when it suited his convenience, and had the reputation of possessing the gift."^[3]

Service

"He maintained a high character as a warrior, and was one of the deputation who accompanied Nawkaw, the principal chief of the Winnebagoes, to Washington, in 1828."^[4]

By 1834, after the death of his father and older brothers, he assumed the position of chief.^[5]

The Calendar Stick

He is most famous for his calendar stick shown in the painting by Charles Bird King. McKinney has this to say about it:

He was a sagacious man, who knew and thought more than

those around him. He noticed the seasons and changes of the

atmosphere, and had a strong memory for dates and events.

The portrait represents him holding in his hand a rod, which

was an invention of his own, and was covered with marks and

figures representing the divisions of time, and certain changes

of the seasons, to which were added signs, indicating the results

of certain calculations he had made respecting the weather. It

was a curious and original invention, the fruit of an inquisitive

and active mind, and the indication of a spirit that rose above

the sluggish incuriousness of his race. He had noticed the

phenomena which took place around him, with deep attention,

and had recorded upon the tablet of a retentive memory all

that seemed worthy of remark. He had endeavored, to the

extent of his limited knowledge and means of information, to

trace effects to their causes, and to find out the reasons of

uncommon events. The results of these inquiries were carved

upon his wand, which became thus an almanac, and doubtless

as complete a one, in reference to his wants, as our common

almanacs are to the enlightened astronomer.

Sources

Footnotes

1. ↑ Linda Waggoner, Personal Communication to Richard Dieterle, 2020.
2. ↑ Lipkind.
3. ↑ McKinney 199.
4. ↑ McKinney 190.
5. ↑ Foster.

Bibliography

• Linda M. Waggoner, Personal Communication to Richard Dieterle, 14 October 2020. Her book, which will address this matter, is forthcoming.
• Thomas Foster, Foster's Indian Record and Historical Data (Washington, D. C.: 1876-1877) vol. 1, #2: p. 2, coll. 3.
• Rev. James Owen Dorsey, Winnebago-English Vocabulary and Winnebago Verbal Notes, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago (3.3.2) 321 [old no. 1226] (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1888) 82 pp.
• William Lipkind, Winnebago Grammar (New York: King's Crown Press, 1945).
• Col. Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall, The Indian Tribes of North America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs, ed.. Frederick Hodge and David Bushnell, 4 vols. (Edinburgh: John Grant, 1934 [1842]) 282.
• Robert H. Merrill, "The Calendar Stick of Tshi-zun-hau-kau," Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bulletin 24 (Oct., 1945): 1-11.
• Alexander Marshack, "A Lunar-Solar Year Calendar Stick from North America," American Antiquity, Vol. 50, #1 (Jan., 1985): 27-51.