Emily Unah[3][4] was born on 28 December 1837. She was baptized on 5 February 1838 in St Peter's Church, Eaton Square, Pimlico, London, England, United Kingdom. [5] She never married, and was buried on 2 September 1856 in Brompton Cemetery, London, England, United Kingdom. [6]
Robert[3][7][4] was born on 2 April 1839 and baptized on 9 May 1839 in St George, Hanover Square, London, Westminster, England, United Kingdom. [8] He pursued a career in the Royal Navy, and reached the rank of vice-admiral. He never married. He died on 7 May 1896 in the White Hart Hotel in Beaminster, and his will was proved on 15 July 1896. [9] He was buried on 11 May 1896 in Beaminster, Holy Trinity, Dorset, England, United Kingdom. [10]
Bertram died in infancy. He was baptized on 23 October 1840 and buried on 9 June 1841 in St Luke, Chelsea, Kensington and Chelsea, England, United Kingdom. [11][12]
Fanny[3][13] was baptized on 18 April 1842 in the parish of Upper Chelsea, Middlesex County, England, United Kingdom.[14] She was never married, and she died on 28 May 1922 in Brentford, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom. Her will was proved on 29 July 1922. [15][16]
Katherine was born in Auckland New Zealand in 1845. [3][13] She never married, and died 21 December 1927 in Truro St Mary, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Her will was proved on 12 April 1928. [17][18]
Mary FitzRoy was buried on 10 April 1852 in St. Luke Parish, Chelsea, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom. [19]
Robert's second wife was Maria Isabella Smyth. [13][7][20] They were married on 22 April 1854 in St Peter's Church, Eaton Square, Pimlico, London, England, United Kingdom. [21][22]
They had one daughter named Laura. [13][20] Laura was baptized on 25 February 1858 in in St. Luke Parish, Chelsea, Middlesex County, England, United Kingdom.[23] She never married, and was buried on 10 December 1943 in All Saints, Upper Norwood, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [24]
Maria FitzRoy died in 1889, 24 years after the death of Robert, in Kingston, Surrey, England, United Kingdom.[25]
Naval Career
Vice Admiral Robert Fitzroy
In February 1818, at age of 12 years old, he entered the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, and in the following year, he entered the Royal Navy. [26]He was promoted from volunteer to midshipman while assigned to the HMS Owen Glendower between 1820 -1822. He then served on the HMS Hind as a midshipman. He passed his lieutenant examination in September 1824, and then served on the HMS Thetis as a lieutenant, and in 1828 he was appointed flag lieutenant on the HMS Ganges. [27]
FitzRoy was appointed captain of the HMS Beagle on 15 December 1828 after its captain, Pringle Stokes, committed suicide. The ship's mission was to survey the coasts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and the Straits of Magellan. During the cruise, a group of Fuegians stole one of the whaleboats. He took the Fuegians hostage. Most escaped, but he kept two men, a boy and a girl. He wanted to civilize them, and teach them "English...the plainer truths of Christianity...and the use of common tools", and then send them back to Tierra del Fuego as missionaries. The Fuegians returned to England with the ship in October 1830, however, one of them died following a smallpox vaccination. He educated the remaining three at his own expense. FitzRoy presented them to King William IV and his wife, Queen Adelaide. [28][29]
In 1831 FitzRoy ran for Parliament for Ipswich, but he lost the election. [30][31]He was arranging the charter of a ship to return the Fuegians, but on 25 June 1831, he was re-appointed as captain of the Beagle. He returned Fuegians to their homeland and continued surveying, accompanied by Charles Darwin. The voyage lasted from November 1831 to October 1836. [32]
Following his return to England, FitzRoy was awarded a gold medal by the Royal Geographical Society in 1837. [33]
Is it not extraordinary, that sea-worn, rolled, shingle-stones, and alluvial accumulations, compose the greater portion of these plains? How vast, and of what immense duration, must have been the actions of these waters which smoothed the shingle-stones now buried in the deserts of Patagonia!
-Robert FitzRoy 1837 in Journal of the Royal Geographical Society [34]
In 1939, FitzRoy and Darwin published the book Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle Between the Years 1826 and 1836. [35]
His final sea command was aboard HMS Arrogant. It sailed from 1849 to 1850. [36] He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1857 and vice-admiral in 1863. [7]
Career in Politics
FitzRoy's second run for office was successful, and he was a member of Parliament of the City of Durham from 1841 to 1843. .[37]
The first Governor of New Zealand, Captain William Hobson, died in late 1842. FitzRoy was appointed its second governor in December 1843. At that time the colony was virtually bankrupt, and there had been a violent conflict at the Wairau. On 17 June 1843, 22 Europeans and four Māori were killed when an armed party of New Zealand Company settlers clashed with Ngāti Toa over the purchase of land in the Wairau Valley. FitzRoy enraged settlers by arguing that the Europeans had provoked Ngāti Toa.[38]
During FitzRoy's governorship, the Crown had a monopoly in purchasing land, but because of a lack of funds, the Crown was unable to purchase land for resale to settlers. This resulted in settler and Maori agitation, and an ever-worsening economic situation. FitzRoy's solution was to allow Maori to deal directly with settlers who wanted to acquire land. The Colonial Office in London disapproved, and, he was recalled to England in May 1845. [39]
In September 1848, he was made superintendent of the Royal Naval Dockyards at Woolwich [7], and then in March 1849 was given his final sea command on HMS Arrogant. In 1851 he retired from active service, and in that year was elected to the Royal Society with the support of 13 fellows including Charles Darwin. [27]
Contributions to Meteorology
In 1854 Robert was appointed "Meteorological Statist" and becomes the first director of the Meteorological Office at the Board of Trade. [40] In 1857, he designed the "Fishery Barometer" and devised a system whereby such instruments would be placed around the coast and local agents would communicate weather observations to Fitzroy's London office by telegraph.
In October 1859, the steam clipper Royal Charter capsized in a violent storm off the coast of Anglesey in North Wales with the loss of over 450 lives. As a direct result of this disaster, FitzRoy introduced the first British storm warning service for shipping in February 1861. Gale warnings were issued by telegraph to the observation stations likely to be affected. The message would consist of a list of places with the words ‘North Cone’ or ‘South Cone’ (for northerly or southerly gales), ‘Drum’ (for gales successively), or ‘Drum and North (or South) Cone’ (for heavy gale or storm). On receipt, the station would hoist the appropriate signal on a staff, this being repeated at points along the coast by the Coast Guard or by other authorized stations. [41]
FitzRoy's first "weather forecast" appeared in The Times in 1861. His forecasts were a by-product of his storm warnings. As he was analyzing atmospheric data anyway, he reasoned that he might as well forward his conclusions. [42] FitzRoy was aware that his methods were lacking in scientific evidence, but he resented when the Meteorological Department used a separate observational system to check the accuracy of his warnings. [41] He eventually lost funding for his storm warnings, as there was no underlying science to support his predictions.
Prophecies and predictions they are not. The term forecast is strictly applicable to such an opinion as is the result of scientific combination and calculation.
- Robert FitzRoy
Robert wrote two meteorology books. Barometry Manual was published in 1861, [43] and The Weather Book: a Manual of Practical Meteorology was published in 1863. [44]
Death
Tragically Robert took his own life on 30 April 1865 at Lyndhurst House, Norwood, Surrey, England United Kingdom.[45][46] He slit his throat with a razor at his home. [47]
Robert was buried on 6 May 1865 in All Saints with St Margaret, Upper Norwood, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [48] His will was proved on 9 June 1865. [45][46]
FitzRoy exhausted his fortune prior to his death by expending large sums of money on his voyages. He anticipated eventual reibursements by the Admiralty, which was not forthcoming. [41] In order to prevent his wife Maria and his daughter Laura from living in destitution, his colleague Admiral Bartholomew Sulivan began an Admiral FitzRoy Testimonial Fund. [49]Queen Victoria allowed Maria and Laura the use of grace and favour apartments at Hampton Court Palace. [50]
Timeline
February 1818
Entered Royal Naval College, Portsmith at the age of 12 years old.
19 October 1819
Entered Royal Navy
7 September 1824
Promoted to lieutenant.
1828 - 1830
Given first command, the HMS Beagle, which was carrying out the survey of the coasts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and the Straits of Magellan.
May 1831
Ran for Parliament for Ipswich, but was defeated.
1831 - 1836
Second survey voyage of the HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin on board.
1837
Award gold medal by the Royal Geographical Society.
1839
Robert and Charles Darwin's book Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle Between the Years 1826 and 1836 was published.
December 1836
Robert marries Mary Henrietta O'Brien.
1841 - 1843
Member of Parliament of the City of Durham
1843 -1845
Governor of New Zealand.
September 1848
Appointed superintendent of the Royal Naval Dockyards at Woolwich, England.
1849 - 1850
Final sea command aboard HMS Arrogant.
1851
Elected to the Royal Society.
10 April 1852
Robert's wife Mary dies.
22 April 1854
Robert marries Maria Isabella Smyth.
1854
Robert becomes the first director of the Meteorological Office.
1857
Promoted to rear-admiral
1863
Promoted to vice-admiral
30 April 1865
Robert dies by suicide.
Sources
↑ 1.01.1 Wikisource contributors, "Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzroy, Robert," Wikisource , [1] (accessed June 3, 2021).
↑ The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography: Volume One, 1769 - 1869. pp.130-132. W. H. Oliver, editor. 1990 . Wellington, New Zealand. [2]
↑ 3.03.13.23.33.4 . 1851 England Census [database on-line with images]. Ancestry.com [3][4] Census Returns of England and Wales, 1851. Kew, Surrey, England. Class: HO107; Piece: 1468; Folio: 482; Page: 2; GSU roll: 87790-87791. Accessed 30 May 2021.
↑ 4.04.14.2 "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MQVM-N62 : 5 March 2021), Emily Fitz Roy in household of Charles Griffith, Chelsea, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey.
↑Baptism of Emily FitzRoy in: parish records of St Peter's Church, Eaton Square, Pimlico, London, England. City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; Westminster Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: SPES/PR/1/1. Images on Ancestry.com [5][6]. Accessed 2 June 2021.
↑Burial of Emily FitzRoy in: Brompton, London Cemetery Registers, 1840-2012.The National Archives; Kew, London, England; Office of Works and successors: Royal Parks and Pleasure Gardens: Brompton Cemetery Records; Series Number: Work 97; Piece Number: 78. Images on Ancestry.com [7][8] Accessed 11 June 2021
↑ 7.07.17.27.3 The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Darwin, Charles., Burkhardt, Frederick. Volume 14 - 1866, p. 509. 2004. Cambridge[9]
↑Baptism of Robert O'brien FitzRoy in: parish register of St. George, Hanover Square. City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; Westminster Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: STA/PR/4/25. Images on Ancestry.com [10][11] Accessed 11 June 2021
↑ Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England. Images on Ancestry.com [12][13] Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Burial of Robert O'Brien FitzRoy in: the parish register of Beaminster, Holy Trinity, Dorset, England, United Kingdom. Dorchester, England; Reference: PE/BE. Images on Ancestry.com [14][15] Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Baptism Bertram FitzRoy in: parish register of St Luke, Chelsea
Kensington and Chelsea, England, United Kingdom. London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P74/TRI/001. Images on Ancestry.com [16][17] Accessed 1 June 2021.
↑Burial of Bertram FitzRoy in: parish register of St Luke, Chelsea
Kensington and Chelsea, England, United Kingdom.London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number: p74/luk/264. Images on Ancestry.com [18]Accessed 1 June 2021.
↑ 13.013.113.213.31861 England Census [database on-line with images] Ancestry.com [19][20] Census Returns of England and Wales, 1861. Kew, Surrey, England:Class: RG 9; Piece: 21; Folio: 82; Page: 12; GSU roll: 542558. Accessed 30 May 2021
↑Baptism of Fanny in: the parish records of Upper Chelsea, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom. London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: DL/T/006/010. Images on Ancestry.com [21][22]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Death of Fanny FitzRoy in: in the England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007.General Register Office; United Kingdom; Volume: 3a; Page: 200. Images on Ancestry.com [23][24]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Probate Fanny FitzRoy in: Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England. Images on Ancestry.com [25][26] Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Probate Katherine FitzRoy in: Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England. Images on Ancestry.com [27][28]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Death of Katherine FitzRoy in: England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes.General Register Office; United Kingdom; Volume: 5c; Page: 153. Images on Ancestry.com [29][30]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Burial of Mary FitzRoy in: parish records St. Luke,Chelsea, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom.London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number: p74/luk/270. Images on Ancestry.com [31][32]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Marriage of Robert and Maria. in: parish records of St Peter's Church, Eaton Square, Pimlico, London, England.City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; Westminster Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: SPES/PR/2/3. Images on Ancestry.com [33][34] Accessed 3 June 2021
↑ "British Newspaper Archive, Family Notices," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPCV-3GPG : 17 April 2019), Maria Isabella Smyth in entry for R.n. Fitz Roy, Capt, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom; records extracted FamilySearch and images digitized by FindMyPast; citing Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom, 28 Apr 1854, The British Newspaper Archive, Ireland; FHL microfilm .
↑Baptism of Laura in: parish register of St Luke, Chelsea
Kensington and Chelsea, England, United Kingdom. London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P74/TRI/001. Images on Ancestry.com [35][36]Accessed 8 June 2021.
↑Burial of Laura FitzRoy in: parish records of All Saints, Upper Norwood, Surrey, England, Unitied Kingdom. Surrey History Centre; Woking, Surrey, England; Surrey Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: 7583/1/47. Images on Ancestry.com [37][38]Accessed 11 June 2021
↑Death of Maria FitzRoy. "England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2007," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2JBC-27J : 31 December 2014), Maria Isabella Fitzroy, 1889; from "England & Wales Deaths, 1837-2006," database, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : 2012); citing Death, Kingston, Surrey, England, General Register Office, Southport, England.
↑ Wikisource contributors, "A Naval Biographical Dictionary/FitzRoy, Robert," Wikisource , [39] (accessed June 11, 2021).
↑ 27.027.1 The Royal Society [40] Accessed 13 June 2021.
↑ Smith, Larry Douglas. "Fitzroy and the Fuegians: A Clash of Cultures." Anglican and Episcopal History 59, no. 3 (1990): 386-403. Accessed June 14, 2021.
[41]
↑ Desmond, Adrian J.., Moore, James Richard., Moore, James. Darwin, p.106. United Kingdom: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994.[42]
↑ “2 May 1831, 3 - The Morning Post at Newspapers.com.” Newspapers.com. Subscription required. Accessed June 11, 2021. [43]
↑ “Clipping from The Bury and Norwich Post.”27 Apr 1831, p. 2 Images on Newspapers.com. Accessed June 11, 2021. [44]
↑ HMS Beagle. [45]The Victorian Royal Navy/. Accessed 12 June 2021
↑ Gold medal recipients [46] Royal Geographical Society. Accessed 11 June 2021
↑ The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. United Kingdom: n.p., 1837. p.115 [47]Accessed 12 June 2021
↑ Darwin, Charles., Fitzroy, Robert., King, Philip Parker., Darwin, Francis. Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle: Between the Years 1826 and 1836 .... United Kingdom: H. Colburn, 1839.
↑ HMS Arrogant. [48]The Victorian Royal Navy. Accessed 12 June 2021
↑ Members of Parliament: Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705-1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801-1874. Parliaments and conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357-1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1559-1800. United Kingdom: n.p., 1879.
↑ “The Wairau Incident.” RSS. Accessed June 16, 2021[49]
↑ “Robert FitzRoy and the Early Met Office.” Met Office. Accessed June 11, 2021. [51]
↑ 41.041.141.2 Jim Burton. "Robert FitzRoy and the Early History of the Meteorological Office." The British Journal for the History of Science 19, no. 2 (1986): 147-76. Accessed June 20, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4026590.
↑ “The Birth of the Weather Forecast.” BBC News. BBC, April 30, 2015. [52]Accessed 18 June 2021
↑ Fitzroy, Robert. The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology. United Kingdom: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, 1863. [54]
↑ 45.045.1 Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England, London, England. Images on Ancestry.com [55][56]
↑ 46.046.1 "England and Wales, National Index of Wills and Administrations, 1858-1957," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPJ9-TJ2X : 30 August 2018), Robert Fitzroy, 9 Jun 1865; citing Probate, England, United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Great Britain.; FHL microfilm .
↑ “Clipping from Birmingham Daily Post.” Birmingham, West Midlands, England, United Kingdom. 07 May 1865,p.6. Newspapers.com. Accessed June 18, 2021. [57]
↑Burial of Robert FitzRoy in: parish records All Saints with Margaret, SurrUpper Norwood, All Saints with St Margaret, Upper Norwood,Surrey, England. Surrey History Centre; Woking, Surrey, England; Surrey Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: 7583/1/47. Images on Ancestry.com [58][59]Accessed 18 June 2021.
↑ Darwin, Charles. The Correspondence of Charles Darwin: 1821-1860, p. 259, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
[60]
↑ Grace & Favour A handbook of who lived where in Hampton Court Palace 1750 to 1950, p. 19. [61] Accessed 19 June 2021
See also:
“Great Lives, Series 6, Robert FitzRoy.” BBC Radio 4. BBC, July 10, 2015. [62]
Wikipedia contributors, "Shipping Forecast," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, [63](accessed May 30, 2021).
Wikipedia contributors, "Robert FitzRoy," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, [64](accessed May 30, 2021).
Wikipedia contributors, "The Voyage of the Beagle," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, [65] (accessed June 11, 2021).
Darwin, Charles. The Voyage of the Beagle. United States: P.F. Collier & son, 1909.[66]
Wikipedia contributors, "Storm glass," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, [67] (accessed June 16, 2021).
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Hi, manager's I will soon begin working on this profile on behalf of the England Projects Managed Profiles team. I will be adding sources, editing, and expanding the biography. If you have any sources or, information please let me know.
Hi Sunny, the England Project would like to co-manage this profile with you due to Robert Fitzroy's historical significance. See Project-Managed Profiles Helpfor more information. I am adding the England project box today and will send you a trusted list request so you can add the England project account to the profile. Please contact me if you would like to discuss. Thanks so much, Gillian, Leader, England Project.
The Best Governor New Zealand ever had, it all went down hill from there. The Maori people called him Pitiroi, they even named their children after him. Rest in Peace, Good Governor Fitzroy.
Putting the final touches and proofreading the profile. Please let me know if you have any suggestions to add to the meteorology section. Thanks https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:Ellen%27s_Free_Space_Worksheet&public=1
edited by Ellen Altenburg