George Gardiner Sr. (abt. 1696 - bef. 1787)

Born about 8 Jul 1696 in South Kingstown, Kings, Rhode Island

Ancestors

Husband of Susanna (Hazard) Gardiner — married about 1718 in Kingston, South Kingstown, Kings, Rhode Island [uncertain]

Husband of Sarah (Robinson) Gardiner — married 10 Feb 1742 in South Kingstown, Kings, Rhode Island

Descendants

Died before 7 Jan 1787 before about age 90 in South Kingstown, Kings, Rhode Island

Problems/Questions Profile managers: Randy Beebe [send private message] and Darlene Carerros [send private message]

Biography

George Gardiner Sr., was the son of Nicholas Gardiner (abt.1654-abt.1712) and Hannah Palmer (abt.1663-). The date of his birth entered in the Wikitree date of birth field is 8 Jul 1696, and the source of this date is the 1983/9 "Genealogies of Rhode Island Families" by Gary Boyd Rogers. ^[1] Rogers does not identify his information source for this birthdate and, as of July 2021, no reliable, corroborating source has been found to support this birthdate assertion; most of the published genealogies do not report a birthdate, though some offer a guess. Nevertheless a boundary analysis can establish a reliable range of dates for his birthdate and the G.B Rogers 8 Jul 1696 birth date does fit very well to this date range. Caroline Robinson in her genealogy, The Gardiners of Narragansett, estimates that George Gardiner, son of Nicholas, was born was born "near 1689 or considerably later." ^[2] This seems to be a reasonable estimate based on the 16 Jan 1719 birth date of his first child George Gardiner Jr. as recorded in the Vital Records of South Kingstown, Rhode Island. ^[3] This birth date for his son George Jr. is the first known primary-evidence based date for the life of George Gardiner Sr., hence it serves as the anchor date for his own birth, that is to say at a date 21 years, or more, prior to 1719, and it also benchmarks an approximate marriage date to his first wife, Susannah (of an unknown maiden name) to have occurred about 1718 ^[2] Therefore, the early and late bounds for the birth date of George Gardiner Sr. may be established as follows: the earliest date for his birth, as the fifth child of Nicholas and Hannah Gardiner, would be about 10 years after his parents 1681 marriage or about 1691; and as previously noted the latest date for his birth would have been about 1698 or twenty one years prior to the birth of his first child. Thus 1696 is a highly probable date for his birth, but the exact date, as previously noted, and despite the G.B. Rogers citation is presently uncorroborated (here) with primary evidence.

The Family of George Gardiner Sr.

Birth Family

The Marriages of George Gardiner

Children of George Gardiner

^[2]

• George Gardiner Jr.*, was born 16 Jan 1719, and married, April 22, 1742, Sarah Boss, a daughter of Peter and Amey (Gardiner) Boss. ^[3]
• Hannah Gardiner*, was born May 27, 1723, ^[3] and married. May 27, 1739, Caleb Westcott.
• Amey Gardiner, was born Aug. 15, 1725, ^[3] and married, Dec. 10, 1741, Stephen Tefft.
• Mary Gardiner*, was born in 1727, and married Jeffrey Champlin, Jr., a son of Jeffrey and Mary (Northup, a daughter of Henry) Champlin. Henry Northup was a brother of Abigail (Northup) Eldred, who married, as second husband, John Watson, Jr.
• Sarah Gardiner*, was born in 1729, and married, June 8, 1761, Josiah Sheffield, of New Shoreham. He died Jan. 22, 1768. She married, second, Littlefield.
• Dorcas Gardiner*, was born in 1730, and married Edward Perry, Jr.
• Nicholas Gardiner, was born in 1734, and married Hannah Champlin, a daughter of Stephen.
• Ezekiel Gardiner*, was born in 1734, and married Sarah.
• Abigail Gardiner*, was born in 1736, and married Robert Potter.
• Elizabeth Gardiner*, was born in 1738, and married her non-blood related step brother, Rouse Potter, son of Ichabod Potter and her step-mother, Sarah (Robinson) Potter.

(*) Note. The children marked with an asterisk on this list were identified by Caroline Robinson, in her Gardiner Genealogy to have been mentioned in the Last Will and Testament of their father, George Gardiner. ^[2]

George Gardiner Life Event Timeline

The following timeline calendar is based on the historical documentation record for George Gardiner, either from original manuscripts or from allusions to original manuscripts made in the secondary record:

• 1696: George Gardiner, son of Nicholas Gardiner, was born at Kingstown, Rhode Island.
• 1718/9: George Gardner married Susanna Hazard, daughter of Robert Hazard, Jr.
• 1742-02-10: George Gardner married his second wife, Mrs. Sarah (Robinson) Potter, widow of Ichabod Potter.
• 1753 he resided at Block Island, Rhode Island.
• 1761-11-14: He was taxed at New Shoreham and was a Freeman of that town.
• 1761-12-04: Georg Gardiner deeded land in South Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island. [1]
• 1763-10-28: George Gardiner was licensed by the New Shoreham town council to keep a store on the Island at the East Harbor. [2]
• 1783-01-19: George Gardiner wrote his last Will.
• 1787-01-08: The last will of George Gardiner was proved at the probate court for South Kingstown, Washington, Rhode Island, USA.^[4]

Genealogical Records

The following section of this profile provides detailed information found in the various cited sources. The purpose of this section is to provide the reader access to the information contained within the cited sources; to identify source data conflicts and identify the origin of data errors; and, finally, to provide a platform to analyze, cross-correlate, and comment on important aspects of the cited historical data record.

Vital Records

• Primary Source, Arnold, Vital Records of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 5. Washington County ^[3] Volume 5, Early Vital records from North Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island for Nicholas Gardiner; Data Extract:

1. ) South Kingstown Birth Records; Page 43 (206/920): George and Susannah Gardiner were the parents of the following children born at South Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island:
   1. ) George Gardiner Jr., b. 16 Jan 1719
   2. ) Hannah Gardiner, b. 27 May 1723
   3. ) Amie Gardiner, b. 15 Aug 1725
2. ) South Kingstown, RI. Vital Records; Page 15: George Gardiner and Sarah Potter were married by Isaac Sheldon, Justice, Feb 10, 1742 at South Kingstown, Kings County, Rhode Island. {Marriage record for the second marriage of George Gardiner Sr. to Sarah (Robinson) Potter.}
3. ) South Kingstown, RI. Vital Records; Page 16: George Gardiner {Jr.} and Sarah Boss were married by Isaac Sheldon, Justice, April 22, 1742 at South Kingstown, Kings County, Rhode Island. {Marriage record of son George Gardiner Jr. to Sarah Boss, 12 days after George Sr's own marriage to Sarah Potter.}
4. ) South Kingstown Birth Records; Page 44 (208/920): George Gardiner Jr. and Sarar were the parents of Susannah, George III, Rufus, William and Levi. {The children in this list are the Grand-children of George Gardiner Sr. and his new wife Sarah (Robinson) Potter Gardiner. }
5. ) South Kingstown Birth Records; Page 44 (208/920): George Gardiner {Sr.} and his wife Sarah {Robinson} were the parents of the following children:
   1. ) Rowland Gardiner, born 1 Dec 1743 at South Kingstown, RI.
   2. ) Thankful Gardiner, born 22 Feb 1744/5 at South Kingstown, RI.

Probate Court Records

• Primary Source, George Gardiner; Town Council and Probate Records; No. 6. 1772-1800; South Kingstown, RI; ^[4] Data Extract:

1. ) Last Will and Testament of George Gardiner; page 176, image 110 of 689: Transcription of the Last Will and Testament of George Gardiner by Randolph R. Beebe Jan 2022:
   1. ) Be it remembered that upon the Nineteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand Seven Hundred & Eighty three I George Gardiner of South Kingstown in the County of Washington & State of Rhode Island & Providence Plantations Yeoman being Aged bot of a Sound disposing Mind and Memory for which I desire to Bless Almighty God and being Mindful of my Mortality & the Time thereof to me uncertain do make publish & declare this to be my last Will & Testament for the disposition of Such Worldly Estate wherewith God Hath been pleased to Bless me. But Principally I would recommend my Soul to God who gave it for Mercy & forgiveness of my Sins & Transgressions. trusting through the Merits of Jesus Christ to inherit everlasting Life and my Body to the Earth to be decently Buried at the Discretion of my Executors herein after named.
   2. ) Imprimis my Will is and I do hereby Order that all my just debts & Funeral expenses be paid out of my Personal Estate by my Executors in some convenient Time after my Decease.
   3. ) Item, I give unto my beloved Son George Gardiner One Dollar in Silver Coin as a Token of Remembrance he having received his part and portion of my Estate heretofore
   4. ) Item, I give and bequeath unto Ruth Westcot & Elizabeth Peckham Daughters of my Daughter Hannah late Deceased two Silver Table Spoons each and to the Daughter of James Tefft which he had by his Wife Mary another Daughter of my Said Daughter Hannah I Give two Silver Table Spoons & these to be in lieu of any further part or Portion of my Estate to the Children of my said Daughter Hannah.
   5. ) Item, I give and bequeath unto the three daughters of my Daughter Amie Tefft Six Silver Table Spoons to be divided equally between them my said Daughter Amie having already received her Portion of my Estate.
   6. ) Item, I give and bequeath unto the three daughters of my Daughter Mary Champlin to wit Mary Susannah & Hannah Six Silver Table Spoons to be divided equally between them my said Daughter Mary having received her Portion already
   7. ) Item, I give and bequeath unto the two daughters of my Daughter Sarah Littlefield which she bore her first husband (to wit) Susannah & Sarah, Six Silver Table Spoons to be equally divided between them my Said Daughter Sarah having received her Portion heretofore.
   8. ) Item, I give and bequeath unto Susanna Daughter of my Daughter Dorcas Deceased late Wife of Edward Perry Six Silver Table Spoons And to George Perry a Son of my said Daughter Dorcas I give a Gun now in his Possession my said Daughter Dorcas having had her Portion heretofore.
   9. ) Item, I give unto my Grandson George Gardiner Son to my Son Nicholas Gardiner my Desk my said Son Nicholas Gardiner having already had his portion.
   10. ) Item, I give unto my Grandson Ezekiel Gardiner Son to my Son Ezekiel Gardiner dec^d One Hundred good Silver Spanish Milled Dollars to be paid to him when he Shall arrive to the Age of Twenty two years.
   11. ) Item, I give and devise unto my Grandson Daniel Tefft jun^r & to his Heirs & Assigns forever all my Right in the Pine & Cedar Swamps in Said South Kingston And I do hereby Order that each Silver Table Spoon that I have herein given away shall be of the Weight of two Spanish Milled Dollars & that they and all the other Legacies herein bequeathed (except the articles particularly named) and also my Debts be provided & paid out of my estate I shall herein after give & dispose of
   12. ) Item, I give and devise unto my two Daughters, to wit Elizabeth Wife of Rowse Potter and Abigail Wife of Robert Potter & to their Heirs and Assigns forever to be equally divided between according to Quantity and Quality all my homestead Farm in Said South Kingston containing about One hundred and Sixty Acres with the Buildings thereon and the Appurtenance thereto belonging bounded Northerly partly by Land which I formerly bought of my Son George Gardiner & partly by of John Almy Easterly by a highway Southerly partly by Land of William Potter & partly by Land of Heirs of my Son Ezekiel Gardiner dec^d & Westerly by Cheppuxet River and Pond.
   13. ) And Whereas i purchased a House and Lot of Land with other Buildings thereon of Caleb Westcot lying in said South Kingston on Little Rest Hill & have advanced to him a Considerable Sum of Money towards paying for the farm but as the s^d Caleb hant not any Security for the Remainder I do hereby fully empower & order my Executors herein after named that upon the payment of the Money thus advanced with Interest upon Principles of Equity by the said Caleb within One year next after my Decease (if not disposed of by me) they or the Survivor of them make & execute unto the said Caleb a good Deed of Quit Claim of said house & Lot & other Buildings thereon But if the said Caleb shall neglect to make payment as aforesaid that then my said Executors or the Survivors of them make Sale of the s^d House & Lot & other Buildings to the...
   14. ) more....
   15. Item: I give to my said Daughter Abigail Potter my Negro Boy named Jupiter and unto my Daughter Elizabeth Potter my Negro Boy now with her named Hartless And unto my Said Daughters Elizabeth and Abigail I give and bequeath all my Personal Estate not herein given away to be equally divided between them.
   16. ) And as to the residue of my Real Estate if any there be I give & devise the same unto my said Daughters Elizabeth and Abigail their Heirs and assigns forever to be equally divided between them according to quantity and Quality
   17. ) Lastly I nominate & appoint my beloved Sons in Law Rowse Potter and Robert Potter Executors of this my Last will and Testament hereby revoking & and making null & void all former Wills by me heretofore made declaring this & no other to be my last Will & Testament.

Published Genealogical Information

• 1895 Secondary Source, Caroline Robinson; The Hazard family of Rhode Island 1635-1894; ^[5] Data:

1. ) Hazard Genealogy; page 18: Mary Hazard (39), daughter of Thomas Hazard and Susannah Nichols, was born 3 Oct 1683; m. 19 Oct 1704 John Robinson, son of Rowland and Mary (Allen) Robinson; died 1722. John Robinson died 6 April 1712. She married (2nd) Peter Easton, son of James Easton.
   1. ) Children of Mary Hazard and John Robinson:
      1. ) Mary Robinson; b. 30 Sept 1705; m. Stephen Hazard, son of Stephen and Elizabeth Hazard.
      2. ) Sarah Robinson; b. 22 Jan 1707; m. (1st) 11 Jan 1723-4 Ichabod Potter; m. (2nd) 10 Feb 1742 George Gardiner.
      3. ) Ruth Robinson; b. 12 March 1709; m. 27 April 1732 Joseph Underwood.
      4. ) Susannah Robinson; b. 9 Feb 1712; m. 30 March 1731 Peregrine Gardiner.
   2. ) Children of Mary Hazard and Peter Easton:
      1. ) Miriam Easton; b. 23 Dec 1718; m. 11 Oct 1739 Fones Hazard, son of Stephen and Margaret (Fones) Hazard.
      2. ) Hannah Easton; b. 1 Oct 1720.
2. ) Hazard Genealogy; page 36: Sarah Robinson (183), daughter of John Robinson and Mary Hazard, was born 22 Jan 1707; m. (1st) 16 Jan 1722 Ichabod Potter Jr.; m. (2nd) 19 Feb 1742 George Gardiner.
   1. ) Children of Sarah Robinson and Ichabod Potter:
      1. ) John Potter; b. 29 July 1724.
      2. ) Simeon; b. 25 Sep 1726.
      3. ) Ruth; b. 19 Jan 1728.
      4. ) Rouse; b. 10 Dec 1729.
   2. ) Children of Sarah Robinson and George Gardiner: {Editorial Comment: the Vital Record of Rhode Island ^[3] South Kingstown, RI. Vital Records; Page 44: clearly states that this list of children were, in fact, the offspring of George Sr.'s son George Gardiner Jr. and his daughter-in-law Sarah Boss; and NOT the sons and daughters of George Gardiner Sr. and his second wife Sarah (Robinson) Potter Gardiner as asserted by Caroline Robinson.}
      1. ) Susannah Gardiner; b. 16 June 1743.
      2. ) George Gardiner; b. 8 March 1745.
      3. ) Rufus Gardiner; b. 9 March 1747.
      4. ) William Gardiner; b. 8 Sept 1749.
      5. ) Levi Gardiner; b. 29 Sept 1751.

• 1919 Secondary Source, Robinson, The Gardiners of Narragansett ^[2] Data Extract:

1. ) Gardiner Genealogy; Page 2, 3: Nicholas Gardiner, son of George Gardiner and Herodias (Long) (Hicks), was born in 1654 and Married Hannah ____. He died in 1712.
2. ) Gardiner Genealogy; Page 6, 7. Nicholas Gardiner, son of George Gardiner, testified as to certain lands, calling himself fifty seven years, or "thereabouts'. He took the oat of allegiance in 1671 and in the same year bought land from John Porter {The second husband of his mother Horod (Herodias) Long}. He must have been twenty-one at this time, which would make his date of birth 1650. This is probably correct. He died in 1712. HIs wife died before this date. He married Hannah ____. Nicholas was the father of:
   1. ) Nicholas Gardiner (44), married, Oct. 13, 1709, Mary Eldred, a daughter of Thomas.
   2. ) Ezekiel Gardiner (45). He must have died early and unmarried.
   3. ) George Gardiner (46), married Susannah (unknown) , about 1719, and died in 1787.
3. ) Gardiner Genealogy; Page 19, 20: GEORGE GARDINER (46) was born near 1689 or considerably later. He married Susannah ____ in 1719(?) and died in 1787. Children:
   1. ) George Gardiner (207), was born July 25, 1720, and married, Feb. 10 (or April 22?), 1742, Sarah Boss, a daughter of Peter and Amey {Gardiner) Boss.
   2. ) Hannah Gardiner (208), was born May 27, 1723, and married. May 27, 1739, Caleb Westcott.
   3. ) Amey Gardiner (209), was born Aug. 15, 1725, and married, Dec. 10, 1741, Stephen Tefft.
   4. ) Mary Gardiner (210), was born in 1727, and married Jeffrey Champlin, Jr., a son of Jeffrey and Mary (Northup, a daughter of Henry) Champlin. Henry Northup was a brother of Abigail (Northup) Eldred, who married, as second husband, John Watson, Jr.
   5. ) Sarah Gardiner (211), was born in 1729, and married, June 8, 1761, Josiah Sheffield, of New Shoreham. He died Jan. 22, 1768. She married, second, Littlefield.
   6. ) Dorcas Gardiner (212), was born in 1730, and married Edward Perry, Jr.
   7. ) Nicholas Gardiner (213), was born in 1734, and married Hannah Champlin, a daughter of Stephen.
   8. ) Ezekiel Gardiner (214), was born in 1734, and married Sarah .
   9. ) Abigail Gardiner (215), was born in 1736, and married Robert Potter.
   10. ) Elizabeth Gardiner (216), was born in 1738, and married Rouse Potter.
   11. ) Note. These children are all mentioned in George Gardiner's will.
4. ) Gardiner Genealogy; Page 204: Map of the land of the sons of George Gardiner.

• 1943 Secondary Source, Andrew G. Moriarty; The American Genealogist, ^[6] Data Extract:

1. ) The Wife of George Gardiner; Page 202-207: In 1943, Andrew G. Moriarty dedicated a five page article to Susanna, the first wife of George Gardiner; she was identified in the article as Susanna Hazard, the wife of George ³ Gardiner (Nicholas², George ¹). Moriarty reported George's wife, Susanna Hazard, was born in South Kingstown, 16 January 1700/1, the daughter of Robert and Amie Hazard. {Editorial, George Gardiner Jr., the first child of Susanna Hazard and George ³ Gardiner was born 25 July 1720, hence Susannah had to have been born prior to 1705, and more probably around 1700, in good agreement with the Moriarty assignment; refer to the Research Notes for further discussion on the identity assignment of Susannah Hazard as the wife of George Gardiner.} Susanna (Hazard) Gardiner died prior to her husband, George Gardiner, and he married again to Sarah Potter on 10 Feb 1742. Sarah Potter was the widow of Ichabod Potter and daughter of John and Mary (Hazard Robinson.

• 1983/reprinted 1989: Secondary Source, Gary Boyd Roberts, "Genealogies of Rhode Island Families: from New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (NEHGR) ^[1] Data summary from Ancestry.com online volume;

1. ) RI Families; image #363-364 of 818: on ancestry.com; Text: George Gardiner was born 2 Nov 1696, son of Nicholas and Hannah (Palmer) Gardiner. He was married twice, his first marriage was to Susannah Hazard about 1819 and she was the mother of eight of his children, George Gardiner married second, on 10 Feb 1742/3, Sarah (Robinson) Potter, the widow of Ichabod Potter, and daughter of John Robinson, Esq. of Newport, by whom he apparently had one son and three daughters. Thus, George Gardiner was the father of 12 children among them was Sarah (by his first wife) who married, first, Capt. Josiah Sheffield, and secondly, John Littlefield, Esq. "
   1. ) The text also cites numerous life events for George Gardiner which have been detailed in the biography of this profile.

Research Notes

1. ) Source is needed to clear up conflicting birthdates: b: 08 Jul 1696 ? OR b: 02 Nov 1696 ?
2. ) Gary Boyd Roberts in asserts George had 12 children - 4 by his second wife, but Caroline Robinson provides information that indicates Susannah Hazard was the mother of 10 of the children, so probably only 2 by second wife.
3. ) Both the Caroline Robinson and Gary Boyd Rogers (1985) references cite information about and from the last will and testament of George Gardiner of South Kingstown, RI.; thus the it is very clear that this document is extant, but as of July 2021 has not been made available nor indexed on the internet. A copy of this original document is an essential piece of evidence required to establish the veracity of a number of the asserted family relationships made in this genealogy.
   1. ) 2022-01-15: Karen St. Jean located an online copy of the original George Gardiner will and provided the source information and HTML address to access this document!
4. ) The following document provides the names of three Susannah Hazards born in Rhode Island within a few years of each other in the early 1700s. The Susannah Hazard born in 1799 is the most appropriate choice for a marriage to George in 1719. As of June 9, 2017 the spouse of Nicholas is cited to be Susan Hazard but this citation is very questionable as Susan was born in April 1723, four years after the Robinson (page 19) cited George Gardiner marriage date of 1719(?), and she is younger than at least two of George's children and is too young to be the mother of all but the youngest the children. If Susan Hazard is George's wife, she is a second wife.
5. ) Birth records for three Susannah Hazards, alternate candidate for wife of George Gardiner, born in the same Rhode Island community within 16 years of each other. Look for a George Gardiner - Susannah Hazard marriage record.
   1. ) Susannah Hazard Rhode Island, Vital Extracts, 1636-1899. Description: Volume Number and Title : Vol· 05: Washington County: Births, Marriages, Deaths. Source Information: Ancestry.com. Rhode Island, Vital Extracts, 1636-1899 database on-line. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Original data: Arnold, James Newell. Rhode Island Vital Extracts, 1636–1850. 21 volumes. Providence, R.I.: Narragansett Historical Publishing Company, 1891–1912. Digitized images from New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts. Susannah Hazard birth record North Kingstown VR, Births; Arnold.
      1. ) Susannah Hazard, daughter of Stephen and Elizabeth b. 20 April 1699.
      2. ) Susannah Hazard, dau. of Stephen and Margaret, b. 9 May 1715
      3. ) Susannah Hazard, dau. of Jeremiah and Sarah, b. 21 May 1716.
   2. ) Colonial Families; Susannah Hazard, daughter of Robert and Amey Hazard, b. 16 Jan 1701
6. ) The following definitions and syntax conventions apply to the preceding text of this profile:
   1. ) A Primary Source contains data that was recorded by the person in the profile; or by someone known to or with first hand knowledge of that person, during the person's lifetime, death or within two generations thereafter.
   2. ) A Secondary Source is a genealogical reference created as the result of a extensive study of available source material and it provides some evidence of the source documentation used to generate the text data.
   3. ) A Tertiary Source is a genealogical data source which is a collection of genealogical information that does not cite Primary or Secondary information sources, and the data may be factual or hearsay.
   4. ) Braces {Editorial Note Example} are used to insert editorial comments; that is to say, information or clarification that is not contained in the original, cited source material.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Roberts, Gary Boyd, "Genealogies of Rhode Island Families: from New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol II;" (NEHGR); Genealogical Publishing Co.; Baltimore; 1989; call# 929.3745; isbn#0806312173. Genealogies of Rhode Island Families; Vol II Niles-Wilson; title page. RI Families; Ancestry.com manuscript search page. This text is still in print and is cited at on GoogleBooks & on AmericanAncestors.org and may be purchased at Amazon.com; Walmart, Genealogical.com or others; and is available in selected public libraries. The only known on-line copy is at Ancestry.com.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4} Robinson, Caroline E. The Gardiners of Narragansett: being a genealogy of the descendants of George Gardiner, the colonist, 1638 (Providence, Rhode Island, 1919), Robinson, pp. 6, 7. The Gardiners of Narragansett -- Title Page
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5} Arnold, James N., Editor of the Narragansett Historical Register, Vital Record of Rhode Island, 1636-1850, Providence, RI., Narragansett HIstorical Publishing Co., 1894. Twenty one Volume set of Early Rhode Island Vital records compiled by from James Arnold. Available at:

   1. ) Archive.org--free: Vital Record of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 5. Washington County--Title page Archive.org
   2. ) Ancestry.com--fee required Arnold, Vital Records of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 5. Washington County, Title Page

4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Gardiner, George;Town Council and Probate Records; No. 6. 1772-1800; South Kingstown, RI; Rhode Island, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1582-1932 [Ancestry.com database online], image 110-111, Book 6, pages 176-177. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Ancestry.com RI probate search page. Free Ancestry.com image.
5. ↑ Robinson, Caroline; The Hazard Family of Rhode Island 1635-1894 A genealogy and history of the descendants of Thomas Hazard, 1635-1894, with sketches of the worthies of this family, and anecdotes illustrative of their traits and also of the times in which they lived. (Boston, 1895). page 36. Call Number: R929.2 qH428
6. ↑ Andrew G. Moriarty, The Wife of George Gardiner of Narragasett, The American Genealogist (TAG); Vol 20 (1943); pp 202-207; digital images, AmericanAncestors.org (accessed 2014).

Other Sources (not cited in Biography)

• U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970 Ancestry.com. U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970. Louisville, Kentucky: National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Microfilm, 508 rolls. SAR lineage George married Susannah unknown

• https://archive.org/details/gardinergardnerg00mill/page/26/mode/2up?q=George

• G. Andrews Moriarty; The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I.; "The American Genealogist," Jan 1945, vol 21, no. 3; pp191-200. In-depth genealogical study on George Gardner, Horod Long, parents of Nicholas Gardiner (fifth child), b. 1654. etal.

• https://www.americanancestors.org/databases/rhode-island-roots/image?rId=235022677&volumeId=13231&pageName=8&filterQuery= 1730 South Kingstown RI Census. George Gardiner.

• "Genealogies of Rhode Island Families: from New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (NEHGR)] compiled by Gary Boyd Roberts in 1983 & reprinted in 1989 by Genealogical Publishing Company; v2 p350-351; call#929.3745; isbn#0806312173; on GoogleBooks & on AmericanAncestors.org & Genealogical.com; Some Notes on Eighteenth Century Block Island; image #363-364 of 818 on ancestry.com; Text: "He had 12 children. Among them was Sarah (by his first wife) who married, first, Capt. Josiah Sheffield, and secondly, John Littlefield, Esq. ... George married secondly, 10 Feb 1742/3, Sarah Potter, widow of Ichabod Potter, and daughter of John Robinson, Esq. of Newport, by whom he apparently had one son and three daughters"

• "Pedigree Resource File" compiled by Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on FamilySearch database (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/2:2:SBS2-TY3 : accessed 2016-07-31), entry for George Gardner

Web based Genealogies

• Genealogy of George Gardiner Sr. (1669 - 1770); by Randolph Beebe. Enhancement of the work by R. Beebe initiated in this profile.