Thomas Gardner (abt. 1592 - 1674)

Born about 1592 in Sherborne, Dorset, England [uncertain]

Husband of Margaret (Fryer) Gardner — married 28 Apr 1617 in Sherborne, Dorset, England

Husband of Damaris (Unknown) Gardner — married about 1641 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay Colony

Descendants

Died 29 Dec 1674 at about age 82 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay Colony

Problems/Questions Profile managers: Puritan Great Migration Project WikiTree [send private message], Glenn York [send private message], and Lois Hirsch [send private message]

Thomas Gardner migrated to New England during the Puritan Great Migration (1621-1640). (See Great Migration Begins, by R. C. Anderson, Vol. 2, p. 731) Join: Puritan Great Migration Project Discuss: pgm

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Biography

Thomas Gardner is Notable.

This profile is part of the Gardner Name Study.

Thomas Gardner has recently been proven to be from Sherborne, Dorset, England with the discovery of the baptism of seven of his children.^[1] He was baptized on 30 October 1591 in Sherborne.^[2] This fits well with his deposed age of "about 69 years" on 26 November 1661.^[3][4] Anderson states that Thomas Gardner's origins are unknown, but that was of course before the discovery of the baptism of his children.^[5] Anderson also equates him with the Thomas Gardner who immigrated in 1624, though this is certainly incorrect as this Thomas Gardner had children born at Sherborne continuously until 1633.

He married first Margaret Friar on 28 April 1617 at Sherborne.^[6] They had eight children born at Sherborne, of which the baptisms of seven can be found at Sherborne. The names of these children exactly match the known children of Thomas Gardiner of Salem, Massachusetts. Their last child was born in Salem in December 1636. Note that she did not die in 1636 as hypothesized by Anderson.

The earliest record of Thomas Gardner in Salem is not until January 1635/6 when he signed a land grant to Thomas Scruggs, and again in February 1635/6 when he signed a grant to John Blacklech.^[7] He was probably acting in the capacity as a selectman for the town. Most likely he was among the many who immigrated to New England in 1635. He is frequently said to be the same as the Thomas Gardner who was part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony and arrived in 1624. However, they are not the same person. This is an error found in many secondary sources including Gardner, Banks, Ferris, and even in Anderson's Great Migration series.^{[8][9][10][11][12]}

Beginning in 1636, Thomas Gardner is found frequently and serving in many capacities in the town records of Salem. His name appears among those who were church members in late 1636.^[13] He was made a freeman on 17 May 1637.^[14] Thomas Gardner was named deputy for Salem to the Massachusetts Bay General Court on 26 September 1637.^[15] He served on Essex grand juries 25 February 1641, 27 January 1643/4, and July 1644.^[16][17] He was also named to petit juries. Thomas was fined for failing to appear for service on 29 June 1641, but appeared and served some thirteen times between 1643/4 and 1658.^[18][19][20] Further, Gardner served on four other juries between 1636 and 1640.^[21] Thomas Gardner also was at various times a Salem selectman, constable, fence viewer, highway surveyor, and rater.

He operated an inn, for which his license was issued and/or renewed many times 1660s for the sale of "strong drink." In June 1667, the license was amended to allow him to sell only to "strangers" and not to townsmen.^[22]

He married, as his second wife, Damaris (_____) Shattuck. She was called the widow Shattock in 1641. "The wife of Thomas Gardner Sr" was fined for frequent absence from the public ordinances on Lord's days, along with a number of other Quakers, November Term 1660 [#EQC 2:265]. This was merely the beginning of a long string of such fines and official harassment that eventually convinced several of the sons to move with their families away from Salem. Thomas Gardner Sr. is never named as having absented himself from public worship, and history is silent on his opinion on the matter."^[23]

Thomas Gardner died in Salem 29 December 1674, "husband of Damaris."^[24]

Marriages and Children

Married: 1st - Margaret Friar on 28 April 1617 in Sherborne, Dorset, England.^[25] She was baptized on 5 June 1598 in Sherborne.^[26] They had eight children born in Sherborne and then one born in Salem. Margaret died after 24 March 1639/40 when she was admitted to the church in Salem.^[27]

Married: 2nd - Damaris (_____) Shattuck after 2 July 1641. She was "widow Shattock" when she joined the Salem Church 2 July 1641.^[28] She died Salem 28 November 1674,^[29] one month before her husband. (See TAG 30:165-68 for discussion of this woman and her many connections to the Pope and Gardner families.)

Children of Thomas Gardner and Margaret Friar:

1. Thomas Gardner. Baptized on 8 march 1617/8 in Sherborne, Dorset, England.^[30] He was the eldest son with a double share in his father's will. He married (1) by 1643 Hannah Hapscott[?]; he married (2) Elizabeth Horne, daughter of John Horne. Thomas died 29 November 1682 in Salem.
2. George Gardner. Baptized on 8 march 1617/8 in Sherborne.^[31] He was made a freeman on 27 December 1642. He married (1) by 1644 Hannah ____; married (2) by 1654 Elizabeth (Freestone) Turner, baptized Horncastle, Lincolnshire, 17 October 1619, dau of Richard and Margery (Freestone) Freestone, and widow of Robert Turner, shoemaker, of Boston; married (3) after 1663 Elizabeth (Allen) Stone, widow of Rev. Samuel Stone. (For the identity of these three wives, Anderson followed the work of George E. McCracken [TAG 30:158-66].) George died 20 Aug 1679 in Kingston, Rhode Island.
3. Richard Gardner. Baptized on 20 July 1622 in Sherborne.^[32]Richard died 23 first month (March) 1688 in Nantucket. [Anderson claims born 1636 having died 1724, age 92, BUT Anderson did not examine the sources cited in his source; it was Richard's wife who died in 1724; Nantucket VR clearly lists a 1688 death for Richard and a 1724 death for his wife.] He married about 1652 (probably in Salem) Sarah Shattuck, daughter of his stepmother Damaris (_____) (Shattuck) Gardner. [TAG 30:168].
4. John Gardner. Baptized on 7 December 1624 in Sherborne.^[33] (died Nantucket 6 July 1706, aged 82); married 20 February 1653/4 Priscilla Grafton [NanVR, citing "William C. Folger genealogical records in the possession of the Nantucket Historical Association"; this marriage probably took place in Salem.] Known as Captain John Gardner. He died May 1706 in Nantucket and is buried in the old burial ground on "Forefather's Hill." The original gravestone is still in existence, the only original gravestone of any of the early settlers. At present, it is kept in the old Coffin House (horseshoe house). A granite stone stands in its place at the grave, upon which is inscribed: "Here lyes buried ye body of John Gardner, Esq., age 82, who died May 1706. This stone erected in 1881 replaces one removed for preservation, which marked this spot for 175 years." His will was dated 2 December 1705 and probated on 2 October 1706.
5. Samuel Gardner. Baptized on 18 July 1627 in Sherborne.^[34] He married (1) before 1658 Mary White, daughter of John and Elizabeth (____) White; married (2) Salem, 2 August 1680 Elizabeth _____ Paine.
6. Joseph Gardner, born about 1629 or 1630 (estimated about age 16 in 1645/6). No baptism has been found for Joseph, however, he was certainly born in the gap between Samuel and Sarah. Most of the baptisms for Sherborne are unreadable for 1629 and Joseph's was certainly one of them. He married Ann Downing, daughter of Emmanuel Downing; she married (2) 6 June 1676 Simon Bradstreet. Samuel died about Oct 1689 in Essex, Massachusetts.
7. Sarah Gardner. Baptized on 6 February 1630/1 in Sherborne.^[35] She married about 1650 as first of his three wives Benjamin Balch, son of John Balch. Sarah died 15 Apr 1686 in Massachusetts.
8. Miriam Gardner. Baptized on 24 March 1632/3 in Sherborne.^[36] She married by 1657 as his first wife John Hill; he married (2) Salem 26 August 1664 Lydia Buffum. Miriam died before August 1664.
9. Seeth Gardner. Baptized Salem 25 December 1636 [SChR 16]; married (1) Joshua Conant, son of Roger Conant; married (2) 1 December 1659, John Grafton, son of Joseph Grafton. She died 17 April 1707.

Last Will & Testament

Thomas made his will on 7 December 1668; proved 29 March 1675.^[37][38] Inventory was taken 4 January 1675 (see below for details). The will mentions,

• my wife Damaris [still living at the time he wrote the will, although she died one month before he did]
• my six sons
• my daughter Sara Balch
• my daughter Seeth Grafton
• my daughter Mirian Hills (and her daughters Miriam and Susanna Hill)
• sons George and John Gardner
• sons Samuel and Joseph Gardner
• my son Thomas

His will reads (spelling is as shown in will):

"Weighing the uncertainty of man's life I doe therefore in the time of my health, make this my last will as followeth:

First, I leave unto my wife Damaris, all that estate shee brought with her according to dower agreement: likewise I give unto her eight pounds, by the year during her life, to be pd her by my six sonns out of that estate I shall leave with them, which eight pounds I give on this condition, that shee give up to them her right to the third pt of my housing and lands during her life.

2---I give to my daughter Sara Balch: fifteene pounds.

3---I give to my daughter Seeth Grafton fifteene pounds.

4---I give to my daughter Miriam Hills two daughters, Miriam Hill and Susanna Hill to each of them five pounds to be pd to them, when they shall accomplish the age of eighteen yeares, or at theire marriage.

I give unto my sons George & John Gardner that pt of my salt meddow, lying on the west side of Capt. George Corwin's meddow, which I value at twenty pounds.

I give unto my sonns Samuell and Joseph Gardner, the other pt of my salt meddow lying on the east side of Capt. Corwin's meddow, wch I do likewise value at twenty pounds.

My will is further that my houseing with the rest of my lands & goods & estate with the meddow before mentioned, shall be divided into seaven equall pts: which I doe give to my six sons, as followeth: first I give to my son Thomas two pts of ye seaven, he paying to his mother in law forty-six shillings by the yeare, during her life.

2nd. I give to my son George Gardner one pt of the seven, he paying to his mother in law 23 shill. by the yeare during her life.

3rd. I give to my son Richard ..." (as above; also John, Samuel and Joseph have similar bequests in the order named).

"I doe appoynt my sons George and Samuell to be the executors of this my will & doe desire my loveing friends Mr. Joseph Grafton Sen and Deacon Horne to be my overseers to see this my will performed."

Signed: Thomas Gardner, The 7:10:68

Wit: Robert Pease, Samuell Goldthrite.

"On the 29 March 1675: Robert Pease & Samuell Goldthrite came before the worshipfull Edward King Esq. and Maj. Hathorne Esq. & Hilliard Veren clearke of the court at Salem, being present & gave oath that the above written was assigned to & declared the last will and testament of ye sd Tho: Gardner & that there is no latter will of his that they know of. Attest Hilliard Veren clerk."

Estate

An inventory of the goods & estate of Thomas Gardner was taken 4 Jan 1675 by Hilliard Veren, Sr. and John Pickering and totaled £274 16s., including real estate valued at £201: "an old dwelling house with about 10 acres of land adjoining with the orchard, fences &c.," £31; ten acres of ground in the Northfield, £27; about 100 acres of upland and meadow, £100; about 20 acres of land lying in the woods, £3; and about 2 3/4 acres of salt marsh lying above the mill," £40. The inventory also included "2 old barrels of guns" valued at 5s.^[39]

Following Thomas Gardner's probate, there was a suit filed by his sons George and Samuel against John Pudney of Salem over a farm that Pudney leased.^[40]

Still later, 2 September 1678, George Gardner (now of Hartford) and Samuel Gardner of Salem, as executors Thomas Gardner's estate, sold "all that part of the estate that said Gardner died possessed of and which the said executors have power to sell ..." to John Swinnerton of Salem, physician.^[41]

All of the above property with exception of the ten-acre lot in the north field by land of Robert Stone was bought back by Samuel on 22 July 1678, with Thomas Gardner Sen'r his brother being one of the witnesses.

Common Errors to Avoid

Disambiguation: He is frequently said to be the same as the Thomas Gardner who was part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony who arrived in 1624. However, they are not the same person. This is an error found in many secondary sources including Gardner, Banks, Ferris and even in Anderson's Great Migration series.^{[42][9][43][11][44]} Of course, similar statements that he was the overseer of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony adventure, or that he removed Roger Conant to Salem are incorrect.^[45][46]

Immigration: He is commonly said to have first arrived in New England in 1624 as part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony. The discovery of his origins and the baptism of his children has shown this to be impossible. It should also be noted that there are no records of Thomas Gardner in New England between 1626 and 1636. He also received no special treatment or land grants as one of the "Old Planters" which he would have received if he was among those who arrived in 1624.

Immigration on the Zouch Phoenix: Banks states that Thomas Gardner arrived on the Zouch Phoenix with his wife and children Richard, George and Joseph.^[9] This was an incorrect supposition by Banks and there are no records to support this. Thomas Gardner on the Zouch Phoenix was a different man from this Thomas Gardner. The wife of this Thomas Gardner was in Sherborne having children continuously from 1618 to 1633. Richard and George were age 2 and 4 and would not have been part of this fishing adventure, and Joseph wasn't even born yet.

Three wives: Anderson in his Great Migration biography of Thomas Gardner supposes that he had three wives: the first being the mother of his children who died about 1636, the second being the Margaret Gardner admitted to the church in 1640, and the third being the Widow Shattock that he married in 1641. This theory is based only on a 1637 land grant for a household of seven people, and since the household should have had eight people in it that perhaps his wife had died. There is no actual evidence of his wife dying, and there are other explanations for why the land grant was for only seven people. Since it is now proven that his wife was Margaret Friar, and that he was still married to a Margaret in 1640, the best explanation is that he had only two wives, Margaret Friar and the Widow Shattock.

Name of 1st wife: (See The American Genealogist 30:156 for discussion of yet-to-be-confirmed claims she was Margaret Friar.)

Research Notes

2020 G2G--Edit notes: specific to updates for profile of Thomas Gardner

Sherborne Parish Register. WikiTreeer Bob Dunlap reviewed the registers on Ancestry.com and found most of the relevant entries. See his comment, 2023.

The Baptisms for all of Thomas Gardner's children have been found at Sherborne, Dorset. This conclusively proves his origins.

Oct. 30, 1591, Thomas Gardiner, bapti.^[47]

June 5, 1598, Margaret Ffriar, bapti.^[48]

April 28, 1617, Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier nupti.^[49]

March 8, 1617[/18], Thomas Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner bapti.^[50]

Jan. 1, 1619[/20], George Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner bapti.^[51]

July 20, 1622, Richardus Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner _______(?) bapti.^[52]

Dec. 7, 1624, John Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner menori(?) bapti, Image 435.^[53]

July 18, 1627, Samuel Gardener filius Thomas Gardener bap.^[54]

Feb. 6, 1630[/31], Sara Gardiner filia Thomas Gardiner bap.^[55]

Mar. 24, 1632[/33], Miriam Gardiner filia Thomas bpt.^[56]

Immigration date? See the profile comment. Are there historical records that prove the man who arrived early with the Dorchester Company is the same man later of Salem?

Estate. A prior version of this profile provided a reference for his estate of "According to County Court records, Case no. 54, March 1675."

Origins. There is no documented proof of his origins or parentage, including no proof that he was the son of Thomas Gardner and Elizabeth White. Both Sidney Gardner and Elizabeth White were previously deleted as parents.

Anderson found that Banks had stated without authority that Gardner might have come from Hurst, Martock parish, Somersetshire.^[57]

Anderson further wrote, "An origin in the West County is certain, but the name is common and none of the suggestions made to date has a firm foundation." Also, "George McCracken suggested that the unusual name of the Gardners' last child, Seeth, was an indication that in previous generations there had been a marriage to someone with that surname.^[58]

Wife or Wives. A post, "Marriage of Thomas and Margaret," sponsored by the society that bears his name, Thomas Gardner Society argues that information found in 2014 that may explain that Margaret Friar was the first wife of Thomas Gardner and the mother of all of his children, and that he only had one other wife, Demaris ____ (widow Shattock). The Thomas Gardner Society has decided to leave all of Thomas' children attached to Margaret, not to an unknown first wife, as was argued by Robert Charles Anderson in "The Great Migration Begins." The post indicates that Margaret's parents were Walter Friar and Grace Mullins and also states "...there is a record that may show Thomas' parents: Thomas Gardner and Christine Saule."

A research post by the society, Sherborne, Dorset, reports details about the discovered marriage of Thomas Gardiner and Margaret Frier on April 28, 1617 in Sherborne, Dorset, followed by baptisms of sons Thomas and George-- known to be the two oldest sons of the later Salem couple.

There is a 1591 Sherborne baptism of a Thomas Gardiner that would fit this Thomas and a 1598 baptism of Margaret Frier; unfortunately, neither baptism lists the parents. That said, there is a Sherborne marriage record for a Walter Frier and Grace Mullins on 31 Jan 1591, a reasonable timeframe to be Margaret's parents.^[59]Image linked to Margaret's profile and available at Family History Centers on-site^[60]

Question: Can we confirm that this Sherborne family (Thomas and Margaret with sons Thomas and George) disappears from Sherborne records after 1624, the known migration year of the Salem, Massachusetts family?

Sources

1. ↑ See G2G discussion: Comments on Thomas Gardner of Salem 1591-1674. (First post 16 Feb 2023, Bob Dunlap).
2. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 30 Oct. 1591. Image 388 of 834.
3. ↑ Citing "EQC 2:320," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
4. ↑ George Francis Dow, Records and files of the Quarterly courts of Essex county, Massachusetts, 9 vols. (Salem, Mass. : Essex Institute, 1911-19750, 2:320-321; digital images, Hathi Trust, on p. 321, testimony of Thomas Gardner, November 1661, aged about sixty-nine years.
5. ↑ Anderson, Robert Charles, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, volume 3: P - W. (Boston: NEHGS, 1995): pages 731-737. Available at AmericanAncestors.org $.
6. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. Image 424 of 834.
7. ↑ Salem. Town Records of Salem, vol. 1. (1868): pages 13 and 14.
8. ↑ Gardner. Thomas Gardner: Planter. (1907): pages 3-4.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2} Banks. The Planters of the Commonwealth. (1930): page 58.
10. ↑ Ferris. Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines, vol. 1. (1931-1943): pages 304-306.
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1} Anderson. The Great Migration Begins, vol. 3. (1995): pages 731-737.
12. ↑ See the profile of Thomas Gardner of the Dorchester Company for more discussion.
13. ↑ Pierce. The Records of the First Church in Salem. (1974): page 5.
14. ↑ Shurtleff. Records of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, vol. 1. (1853): page 373.
15. ↑ Shurtleff. Records of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, vol. 1. (1853): page 204
16. ↑ Salem. Town Records of Salem, vol. 1. (1868): page 120.
17. ↑ Essex. Quarterly Courts of Essex... vol. 1. (1911): page 33, page 57 and [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=74%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-80 page 62.
18. ↑ Salem. Town Records of Salem, vol. 1. (1868): pages 1:104, 146, 184, 186, 202, 216.
19. ↑ Essex. Quarterly Courts of Essex... vol. 1. (1911): pages 26, 44, 129, 153, 169, 29, 254, 283, 326, 408.
20. ↑ Essex. Quarterly Courts of Essex... vol. 2. (1912): pages 42, 71.
21. ↑ Essex. Quarterly Courts of Essex... vol. 1. (1911): pages 3, 6, 12, 24.
22. ↑ Citing "EQC 3:339, 431, 4:36, 37, 161, 269, 397," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 731; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
23. ↑ The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III. (Online database: AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2010), (Originally Published as: New England Historic Genealogical Society. Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995).Volume III, pp 735-736 subscription needed
24. ↑ "Massachusetts Deaths and Burials, 1795-1910," database, FamilySearch ), Thomas Gardner, 29 Dec 1674; citing Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, reference: FHL microfilm 877,468.[1]
25. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. Image 424 of 834.
26. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Margaret Ffriar, 5 June 1598. Image 398 of 834.
27. ↑ Pierce. The Records of the First Church in Salem. (1974): page 8.
28. ↑ Pierce. The Records of the First Church in Salem. (1974): page 11.
29. ↑ "Massachusetts Deaths and Burials, 1795-1910," database, FamilySearch  : 10 February 2018), Thomas Gardner in entry for Damaris Gardner, 28 Nov 1674; citing Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, reference: FHL microfilm 877,468.[2]
30. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 8 Mar. 1617/8. Image 425 of 834.
31. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). George Gardiner, 1 Jan. 1619/20. Image 427 of 834.
32. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Richardus Gardiner, 20 July 1622. Image 431 of 834.
33. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). John Gardiner, 7 Dec. 1624. Image 435 of 834.
34. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Samuel Gardener , 18 July 1627. Image 439 of 834.
35. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Sara Gardiner, 6 Feb. 1630/1. Image 444 of 834.
36. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Miriam Gardiner, 24 Mar. 1632/3. Image 447 of 834.
37. ↑ George Francis Dow, Records and files of the Quarterly courts of Essex county, Massachusetts, 9 vols. (Salem, Mass. : Essex institute, 1911-1975), 6:31; digital images, Hathi Trust
38. ↑ George Francis Dow, The probate records of Essex County, Massachusetts, 3 vols. (Salem, Mass., Essex Institute, 1916-1920), 2:423-425 (Estate of Thomas Gardner of Salem); digital images, Hathi Trust.
39. ↑ George Francis Dow, The probate records of Essex County, Massachusetts, 3 vols. (Salem, Mass., Essex Institute, 1916-1920), 2:423-425 (Estate of Thomas Gardner of Salem); digital images, Hathi Trust.
40. ↑ Citing "EQC 5:356," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
41. ↑ Citing "ELR 5:3," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
42. ↑ Gardner. Thomas Gardner: Planter. (1907): pages 3-4.
43. ↑ Ferris. Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines, vol. 1. (1931-1943): pages 304-306.
44. ↑ See the profile of Thomas Gardner of the Dorchester Company for more discussion.
45. ↑ Young. Chronicles of the First Planters. (1846): [page 23.
46. ↑ Young. Chronicles of the First Planters. (1846): [page 23.
47. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 30 Oct. 1591. Image 388 of 834.
48. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Margaret Ffriar, 5 June 1598. Image 398 of 834.
49. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. Image 424 of 834.
50. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 8 Mar. 1617/8. Image 425 of 834.
51. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). George Gardiner, 1 Jan. 1619/20. Image 427 of 834.
52. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Richardus Gardiner, 20 July 1622. Image 431 of 834.
53. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). John Gardiner, 7 Dec. 1624. Image 435 of 834.
54. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Samuel Gardener , 18 July 1627. Image 439 of 834.
55. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Sara Gardiner, 6 Feb. 1630/1. Image 444 of 834.
56. ↑ Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Miriam Gardiner, 24 Mar. 1632/3. Image 447 of 834.
57. ↑ Citing "Topo Dict 143," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 734; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
58. ↑ Citing TAG30:157," Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 734; digital images by subscription, AmericanAncestors.
59. ↑ Dorset Online Parish Clerks (transcription) https://www.opcdorset.org/SherborneFiles/SherborneMars1560-1599.htm
60. ↑ Bishop's transcripts for Sherborne, 1585-1880 FHL film 1239227 Items 8 - 15 https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/490967

See also:

• Anderson, Robert Charles, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, volume 3: P - W. (Boston: NEHGS, 1995): pages 731-737. Available at AmericanAncestors.org (paid subscription).

• Banks, Charles Edward. The Planters of the Commonwealth. (Boston, 1930): page 58.

• Essex County Courts. Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex... volume 1: 1636-1656. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1911). HathiTrust link

• Essex County Courts. Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex... volume 2: 1656-1662. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1912). HathiTrust link, Internet Archive link.

• Ferris, Mary Walton. Dawes-Gates ancestral lines : a memorial volume containing the American ancestry of Rufus R. Dawes. (Milwaukee: Cuneo Press, available at ancestry.com, 1931-1943): pages 304-306.

• Gardner, Frank Augustine. Thomas Gardner: Planter (Cape Ann, 1623-1626; Salem, 1626 1674) and Some of his Descendants. (Salem: Essex Institute, 1907). Google Books link.

• Pierce, Richard D. ed. The Records of the First Church in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629-1736. (Salem 1974): page 5.

• Salem. William F. Upham ed. Town Records of Salem, Massachusetts, volume 1 1634-1659. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1868). Internet Archive link.

• Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet ed. Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, volume 1 1628-1641. (Boston, 1853).Internet Archive link.

• Young, Alexander. Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1623-1636 (Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1846): [page 23.

See Also:

• Gardner, Benjamin Hard. Genealogy of the Gardner Family, publ. 1953 in Aiken, South Carolina.
• Essex, Massachusetts probate records, book 301, leaves 62-63.
• Edward Norris Wentworth, Jr, The Genealogy of Edward Norris Wentworth Junior, Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA; June 1928
• Family Bible of Glen McTaggart
• Find A Grave: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/24962425/thomas-gardner
• Wikipedia: Thomas Gardner (c. 1592 – 1674)
• Wikidata: Item Q7789925, en:Wikipedia

Acknowledgements

• Helen Ford
• Thomas Gardner Society, Inc. (Gardner Research)