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Samuel Gardner aka Gardiner was likely born in Northumberland, England about 1700. He was baptised as "Samuel Gardiner" on 2 March 1700 in Whittingham, Northumberland, England[1] which is situated on the banks of the River Aln, roughly 4.5 miles (7 km) east of its source at Alnham and 7.3 miles (12 km) west of Alnwick.[2] His father's name was Robert Gardner. There is another record which shows he was christened as "Samuel Gardner" on 2 Mar 1701 also in Whittingham, Northumberland, England.[3] The record also showed his father's name was Robert.
According to Wikitree, Samuel's paternal lineage shows his surname Gardner represented a very long section in his family history. He was a descendant of Edmund Gardner (1385-1459) who married a member of the Radcliffe family which was a well-established family of Lancashire. His wife was Barbara Radcliffe (1387-1461). Her family had many noble connections for many generations and eventually connected to royalty.
According to Wikitree's Relationship Finder tool, Barbara Radcliffe and her descendants including Samuel Gardner are descendants of members of royalty including William the Conqueror, Richard I of Normandy, Duke of Normandy and Charlemagne. A chart is attached to this profile which shows Samuel Gardner's royal lineage. According to this chart, his patrilineal lineage includes 15 generations of ancestors with the surname Gardner before it then connects to the Radcliffe family where it continues with 3 generations from that family. From there it connects to 2 generations from the Legh family. It then connects to five generations of ancestors with notable surnames including Arderne, (verch) Gruffudd, Audley, Mainwaring and Meschines which included Amicia Meschines (1167-1247) who was the daughter of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester (1144-1181).[4] His mother was Maud of Gloucester, Countess of Chester who died 29 July 1189. She was the daughter of Robert FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (c. 1090-1147). He was the son of King Henry I of England (c.1068-1 December 1135) who was descended from all the major royal houses of Europe.[5]
Samuel and his wife Barbara had at least 5 sons and they were also likely born in Whittingham, Nothumberland, England since that is where their christening or baptismal records were recorded. They included James,[6] George,[7] William,[8][9][10] Edward[11] and a son who shared his name. His son Samuel Gardner was christened in Whittingham on 26 Apr 1736.[12] They also had a daughter who shared her mother's name. Their daughter was christened as "Barbary Gardiner" on 16 Sep 1739 also in Whittingham.[13]
Samuel and Barbara Gardner spent their whole lives in Northumberland during the 18th century. Samuel possibly earned a living as a coal miner since Northumberland was known as one of the largest coal producing counties in England and played a key role in the Industrial Revolution from the 18th century and operated in Northumberland until the widespread closures in the 1970s and 1980s.[14]
During the height of the Industrial Revolution many coal barons prospered in Northern England. Colonel George Liddell (1678–1740) was a prosperous coal baron and he purchased Eslington Park which is a large estate located just west of Whittington.[15][16] The Lidell family were anti-Jacobites[17] which contributed to their ability to purchase Eslington Park which had been forfeited to the Crown by George Collingwood for his treasonable part in the Jacobite rebellion.[18] Liddell was one of the founders of a cartel known as the ‘Grand Allies’ of coal mining in Northumberland and County Durham which allowed him to monopolize the coal trade in the North for the rest of the century. Liddell died unmarried on 9 October 1740 and left his estate to his nephew Henry Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth (1708-1784). It is possible Samuel Gardner or a member of his family was employed by the Lidell family. Baron Ravensworth was very close in age to Samuel Gardner and they both lived near one another for the better part of their lives during the first half of the 18th century.[19] However, it is likely they lived very different lives.
Samuel's wife Barbara died in January 1755.[20][21] She was buried 26 Jan 1755 in the St. Bartholomew Churchyard which is also located in Whittingham, Northumberland, England. It is a very old cemetery and a church was recorded on the site as early as AD 735.[22]
St. Bartholomew Church (Whittingham Parish Church) |
Samuel was only about 55 years old when his wife Barbara passed away. If Samuel never remarried, he spent many years as a widower since he died in 1768 which was more than a dozen years after his wife died. He was buried on 20 July 1768.[23][24] He was about 68 years old when he died and he was also buried in the same cemetery where his wife was buried. At least two of his children were also buried there including William[10] and Edward.[11]
There are two burial records for a person with the name Samuel Gardner who died in 1796 or 1797 in Northumberland. One was on 1 May 1796 in Eglingham, Northumberland, England[25] and the other was on 12 Jan 1797 in Whittingham.[26] These are likely the death records pertaining to Samuel's son Samuel and possibly a grandson who may have also shared the same name which supports the conclusion the oldest Samuel died earlier in 1768.[24] It is unlikely the oldest died during the last decade of the 1700s since he would have been close to 100 years old by then and since life expectancy at that time was so much shorter than it is now, it suggests it is unlikely the elder Samuel would have lived that long. Consequently, it is more likely the later death records at the end of the century corresponded to the elder Samuel's son or grandson and the earlier death record in 1768 was for the elder Samuel. Williams-81019 22:40, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
No match was found using FamilySearch, FreeReg and Online Parish Clerk (OPC) sites for a marriage record for Samuel Gardner and his wife Barbara. They were likely married after Samuel attained the age of majority about 1720 and shortly before 1727 when their son James was born.[6] Using a midpoint between 1720 and 1727, a conclusion could be drawn which suggests they were married about 1723. Williams-81019 16:57, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
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Categories: Whittingham, Northumberland